Medicine Management Skills for Nurses (eBook)

Claire Boyd (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-44887-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Anxious about managing medicines? Worried you'll make a mistake? This handy book is an essential guide for all nursing students, enabling you to understand the theory and practice of drug administration and facilitate your confidence and competence.

This essential guide explores the theory and practice of drug administration briefly and coherently, with 'test your knowledge' exercises and questions throughout to assess your learning. It also includes 'words of wisdom'- tips from real life students from their own experiences. Ideal for carrying to clinical placements, Medicine Management Skills for Nurses is an essential guide to drugs and medicine administration.

Special features:

- Pocket sized for portability
- Clear, straightforward, and jargon-free
- Takes away the fear of drugs and medicines management, making it approachable, easy and fun
- Features tips and advice from real life nursing students
- Ties in with the NMC standards for pre-registration education and the Essential Skills Clusters
- Examples and questions based on real life nursing and healthcare examples

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Claire Boyd is a Practice Development Trainer at North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

Inhalt

MEDICINE MANAGEMENT SKILLS FOR NURSES 3
Contents 7
Preface 9
Introduction 11
Acknowledgements 13
The 24-Hour Clock 14
Chapter 1 DRUG ADMINISTRATION: GENERAL PRINCIPLES 15
PROFESSIONALISM 16
TIME-AND-MOTION STUDIES 16
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS 17
DRUG WASTAGE 18
PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT 19
MEDICATION PROCESS 19
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICATION 20
MEDICATION ERRORS 20
Drug Administration Routes 21
Keeping Updated 22
Drug Errors and Adverse Reactions 23
Single-Nurse Administration 23
PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS 23
ADMINISTERING DRUGS SAFELY 24
Drug Administration Competence 24
Calculations Competence 24
The Prescription Chart 25
Improving Medication Safety 26
Worldwide Facts and Figures 27
Reports and Safety Alerts 27
Patient Self-Administration of Medication 28
Focus on the Task in Hand: Do Not Get Distracted 28
Bar-Coding Medications 28
Vicarious Liability 29
Procedure for Administering Medication 29
Finally 30
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 30
Chapter 2 PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS 33
ABSORPTION 35
Routes of Absorption 35
Bioavailability 37
DRUG DISTRIBUTION 37
DRUG METABOLISM 38
DRUG EXCRETION 38
DRUG INTERACTIONS 38
Synergy and Antagonism 39
Drug Interaction: Underlying Factors 39
Drug–Food Beverage Interaction 39
Drug–Medical Condition Interaction 40
The Pharmacist 40
Adverse Drug Reactions 40
Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions 41
The Patient Information Leafl et 42
The BNF Side Effects Grading Scheme 43
Examples of Some Adverse Effects 44
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 45
Chapter 3 DRUGS AND MEDICINES 49
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DRUG AND A MEDICINE? 50
CATEGORIES OF MEDICINE 50
Prescription Only Medications-Community 51
MEDICATION DIRECTIONS 51
More Labelling 52
GENERIC PRESCRIBING 52
TYPES OF MEDICINE 54
MEDICINE STORAGE 55
VACCINES 55
LEGISLATION 56
Medicines Act 1968 56
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 56
Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1985, S.I. 1985/2066 57
Misuse of Drugs (Supply to Addicts) Regulations 1997 58
EC Directive 92/27/EEC 58
Unlicensed Medicines 58
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 59
Chapter 4 ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION 61
THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 AND MEDICINES ACT 1968 62
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS TO PATIENTS WHO REFUSE TREATMENT 63
THE PRESCRIPTION CHART 63
ORAL ROUTES 65
Modified-Release Medications 65
Medications with an Enteric Coating 65
How to Calculate Oral Drug Dosages 66
SOLID ORAL MEDICINES 66
Using a Tablet Cutter 66
Crushing of Solid Oral Medicines 67
Swallowing Diffi culties 67
LIQUID MEDICATIONS 68
What’s a meniscus? 70
SERVICE USERS 70
SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS 71
CONTROLLED DRUGS 72
CHECKING MEDICATIONS FOR CHILDREN 73
Children Who Refuse Their Medication 74
Administration to Children by a Parent/Guardian 74
ADMINISTRATION 74
Procedure for Oral Drug Administration 74
Procedure for Administering Medication to Children and Babies using an Oral Syringe 75
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 75
Chapter 5 ADMINISTRATION OF INJECTIONS 79
REASONS FOR ADMINISTERING MEDICATION BY INJECTION 80
PARENTERAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION 80
Routes 80
Disadvantages of Parental Drug Administration 81
DEPOT INJECTIONS 81
SYRINGES 81
The Syringe 82
Types of Syringe 83
Insulin 84
NEEDLES 86
Needles for Injection 87
INJECTIONS 87
Aseptic Technique 90
Sites on the Body for IM Injections 90
IM Injection Technique 91
Z-Track Technique 92
Sites on the Body for Subcutaneous Injections 92
SC Injection Technique 94
Preparation of a Patient Prior to the Injection 94
Disposal of Sharps 94
Intradermal Injections 95
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 95
Chapter 6 CALCULATIONS FOR WORKING OUT DOSAGES 97
DRUG DOSAGES FOR TABLETS AND CAPSULES 98
DRUG DOSAGES FOR INJECTION (AND ANY LIQUID) 99
INFUSION DEVICES 101
SYRINGE DRIVERS 102
AMBULATORY SYRINGE DRIVERS 103
GRAVITY-FEED DRIP RATES (DROPS PER MINUTE) 105
DURATION OF INFUSION 107
DRUGS ACCORDING TO BODY WEIGHT 108
SETTING PUMPS TO RUN AT MILLILITRES PER HOUR 109
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 110
Chapter 7 ADMINISTRATION OF RECTAL AND VAGINAL PREPARATIONS 113
INSERTION OF VAGINAL PESSARIES 114
INSERTION OF RECTAL MEDICINES 116
Digital Rectal Examination 116
Administration of Enemas and Suppositories 116
Autonomic Dysrefl exia 118
Procedural Steps for DRE 120
Procedural Steps for Administration of Enemas and Suppositories 121
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 123
Chapter 8 ADMINISTRATION OF TOPICAL PREPARATIONS 125
APPLYING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS 127
Fingertip Units 127
Skin Condition 128
Applying Creams and Ointments 129
TRANSDERMAL PATCHES 130
Applying a Transdermal Patch 131
EYE DROPS 131
Eye Conditions 132
Applying Eye Drops 133
EYE OINTMENT 135
Applying Eye Ointment 135
EAR DROPS 135
Ear Conditions 136
Applying Ear Drops 136
NOSE DROPS 137
Nose Conditions 138
Applying Nose Drops or Sprays 138
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 139
Chapter 9 ADMINISTRATION OF INHALATION MEDICATIONS AND NEBULISERS 141
NEBULISATION 142
AEROSOLISATION 143
Exubera: Inhalable Insulin 143
Asthma and COPD 143
Inhaler Devices 144
Spacer Devices 145
Prescriptions 147
Common Mistakes in Inhaler Administration 147
How To Administer Medications with Inhaler Devices 148
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 153
Chapter 10 ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS 155
TYPES OF FLUID REPLACEMENT 157
Crystalloids 157
Blood Products are Hypertonic 158
Osmolarity 158
DEHYDRATION 159
RISK TO THE PATIENT 161
COMPLICATIONS OF IV THERAPY 162
ADDING MEDICATIONS TO BAGS OF FLUID 163
EQUIPMENT 163
BLOOD PRODUCTS 165
INFUSION DEVICES 166
Calculating the Drip Rate 167
PRESCRIPTIONS 167
PREPARATION OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS 169
PROCEDURE FOR DISCONNECTION OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSION 170
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 171
Chapter 11 ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS BOLUS MEDICATIONS 173
ADVANTAGES OF IV BOLUS INJECTIONS 174
SALINE FLUSHES 175
DISADVANTAGES OF IV BOLUS INJECTIONS 175
AMOXICILLIN ADMINISTRATION IN NEONATES 179
DISPLACEMENT 179
SPEED SHOCK 180
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 181
Chapter 12 ADMINISTRATION OF CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS 183
ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION 184
DISADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION 184
CALCULATING THE RATE 185
DIABETIC EMERGENCIES 189
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 189
Chapter 13 ADMINISTRATION VIA PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC JEJUNOSTOMY OR NASOGASTRIC TUBE 191
MEDICATION 193
ADVICE FROM THE NPSA 193
PLACEMENT OF TUBES 195
PARENTERAL NUTRITION 196
ENTERAL FEEDING REGIMES 196
Methods of Administering Enteral Feeds 197
Procedure for Nasogastric Intubation 197
Procedure for Securing the Tube 199
NASOGASTRIC CARE PLAN 200
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 200
Chapter 14 DRUGS AND SPECIFIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS 205
ASPIRIN AND NSAIDs 206
How Does Aspirin Work to Prevent Blood Clots? 207
PARACETAMOL 207
MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS 208
THE CO- DRUGS 209
DRUGS USED IN SPECIFIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS 210
Cerebrovascular Accident: Stroke 210
Myocardial Infarction 212
Acid Refl ux: H Blockers 213
Drugs Used in a Cardiac Arrest Response 214
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 215
Chapter 15 PAIN MANAGEMENT 217
EFFECTS OF PAIN 218
NOW FOR THE SCIENCE BIT 219
PAIN GATE THEORY 220
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PAIN 220
ASSESSMENT OF PAIN 221
STRATEGIES TO MANAGE PAIN 224
ANALGESIC LADDER 224
MORPHINE 226
Correct Dilution for IV Morphine 226
Complications/Side Effects of Opiates 227
Observations 227
Antidote to Most Opiates 227
Predictors of Dose 227
BALANCED ANALGESIA 228
Why is Paracetamol Usually Prescribed with Morphine? 228
PALLIATIVE CARE 228
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 230
Case Study 230
Chapter 16 KNOWLEDGE TEST 233
Answers to Activities, Questions and “Test Your Knowledge” 241
Appendix 1 SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES: MEDICINES MANAGEMENT 257
Appendix 2 A TYPICAL PRESCRIPTION CHART 267
Bibliography 273
WEBSITES 276
Index 277

Rezensionen

"Overall, it provides good commentary on a range of themes
pertaining to medicines management for nursing
students." (Primary Health Care, 1 October
2013)

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 19.2.2013
• Reihe/Serie: Student Survival Skills
• Reihe/Serie: Student Survival Skills
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege ► Ausbildung / Prüfung
• Schlagworte: Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Introductions to Nursing • Krankenpflege • nursing • Resource for student nurses, student nurses and drug administration, theory of drug administration, practice of drug administration, NMC standards for pre-registration education, Essential Skills Clusters, books by Claire Boyd
• ISBN-10: 1-118-44887-1 / 1118448871
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-44887-8 / 9781118448878