Health Assessment (eBook)

Anna T. Crouch, Clency Meurier (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-30595-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Health assessment is central to effective planning, implementation and evaluation of nursing care. All nurses are accountable for the care they provide and need to be able to accurately determine patient needs in order to plan and deliver evidence-based care. Vital notes for nurses: Health assessment provides students with the knowledge required to consider the many different factors which can influence patient's health, comfort, well-being and recovery and to confidently assess patient needs.

Vital notes for nurses: Health assessment explores concepts of holism, health and illness, factors to consider when assessing patients, communication skills needed for assessment, and all aspects of holistic assessment including physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual factors and nutritional needs.

* Provides a concise, accessible introduction to health assessment
* Includes physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual health assessment
* Explores essential concepts in assessment and care planning
* Within the Vital Notes for Nurses series
* Adopts a holistic approach

Anna Crouch and Clency Meurier are both Senior Lecturers at University of Northampton.

Inhalt

Contents 5
Preface 11
Acknowledgements 12
Dedication 14
List of contributors 15
1 The human body 17
Section 1: Introduction 17
Anatomical terms 18
Levels of organisation of the body 20
Hierarchy of functions 21
The basic structure of cells 21
Homeostasis 24
Organ systems 27
Section 2: The integumentary system 27
Structure of the skin 28
Thermoregulation and the skin 30
Section 3: The musculoskeletal system 30
The human skeleton 30
Bone 30
Joints 31
Muscular tissue 32
Section 4: The nervous system 33
Structure and function of the nervous system 33
The central nervous system 35
The autonomic nervous system 38
Sensations 39
Somatic senses 39
Pain 39
Section 5: The special senses 40
The eye 40
The ear 42
Section 6: The endocrine system 44
Hormones 44
Negative and positive feedback mechanisms 44
Section 7: The respiratory system 44
The mechanism of breathing 47
The transport of oxygen 48
The transport of carbon dioxide 49
Section 8: The cardiovascular system 49
The blood 49
The heart 50
Blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins 53
Section 9: The lymphatic and immune system 54
Components 54
Functions 54
Section 10: The digestive system 56
Functions 56
Organs of the digestive system and their location 56
Section 11: The urinary system 59
The kidney and its functions 60
Section 12: The reproductive system 62
Female reproductive system 63
The male reproductive organs 65
2 Nursing assessment and care planning 68
Introduction 68
Nursing assessment and the nursing process 69
Advantages of using a conceptual model in assessment 87
Key issues and developments 88
3 Concepts of health, illness and holism 92
Introduction 92
Being ‘healthy’ 93
Health beliefs and health behaviour 96
Illness, sickness and disease 98
Seeing the person as a whole 100
Assessment 103
4 Factors to consider when assessing patients 111
Section 1: Introducton 111
Ethical aspects of assessment 111
Respect for persons – definition 112
Privacy 114
Confidentiality 115
Respect for dignity 117
Truthfulness 118
Section 2: The environment, health status, age and cognitive ability of the patient, learning disability and health assessment 119
Environment 120
Health status of the patient 121
The patient’s age 122
Cognitive development and ability 124
The assessment of children 128
Section 3: Gender and health assessment 130
Trends and patterns of health and disease among men and women 131
Health issues and dilemmas for men and women 132
A health assessment approach: some practical aspects to consider 134
5 Communication skills for holistic health assessment 144
Introduction 144
Definition and classification 145
Factors that facilitate effective communication 147
Skills needed during holistic health assessment 148
Barriers to communication during holistic assessment 154
Record keeping 160
6 Physical assessment 164
Section 1: Introduction 164
The purpose of physical assessment 166
Approach to physical assessment 166
Preparation for physical assessment 166
Techniques of physical assessment 167
The general survey and vital signs 170
Section 2: Physical asssessment of the integumentary system 179
The skin 180
Assessment of nails 182
Assessment of hair 183
Section 3: Physical assessment of the respiratory system 184
Taking a health history 184
Physical examination 185
Section 4: Physical assessment of the cardiovascular system 187
Relevant health history 188
Risk factors for coronary heart disease 191
Physical examination 191
Section 5: Physical assessment of the nervous system 194
Relevant health history 194
Examination 194
Section 6: Physical assessment of the eyes, ears, nose and throat 203
The eyes 203
The ears 207
The mouth, nose, sinuses and throat 208
Section 7: Physical assessment of the digestive system 211
Relevant health history 212
Risk factors 212
Physical assessment 213
Section 8: Physical assessment of the urinary tract system 216
Assessment of the urinary system 217
Assessment of the prostate gland 220
Section 9: Physical assessment of the musculoskeletal system 221
The musculoskeletal system 221
Assessment 222
Section 10: Physical assessment of the female and male reproductive systems 226
Examination of the breast 226
Examination of the female genitalia 230
Assessment of the male reproductive system 240
Record keeping 244
7 Assessment of nutritional status 250
Introduction 250
Purpose of nutritional assessment 251
Components of food 251
Nutritional requirements 261
Dietary guidelines 262
Assessing nutritional status 262
Dietary assessment 273
Nutritional interventions 275
8 Social assessment in healthcare 280
Introduction 280
The purpose of social assessment 281
Health policy: assessing social needs 282
Nursing models, social influences and assessment 283
Nursing and interprofessional approaches to social assessment 284
The social assessment/analysis framework 287
The levels of social assessment 300
9 Psychological assessment 304
Introduction 304
What is psychological health? 305
Why conduct a psychological assessment? 306
What to assess 307
How to conduct the psychological assessment 315
Nurses’ role in assessment 315
The assessment process 316
Accurate reporting and documentation 323
10 Cultural and spiritual health assessment 327
Cultural health assessment 327
Spirituality and spiritual needs 334
Glossary 347
Index 355

Rezensionen

'a useful addition to the bookshelves of not only the foundation
nursing students it was designed for but also qualified nurses and
other professional wishing to brush up their assessment
skills.'

The Higher Education Academy, Health Education and
Practice

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.11.2011
• Reihe/Serie: Vital Notes for Nurses
• Reihe/Serie: Vital Notes for Nurses
• Reihe/Serie: Vital Notes for Nurses
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege
• Schlagworte: Able • accountable • Assessment • assessment explores concepts • Care • Central • determine • Different • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Factors • Health • implementation • Introductions to Nursing • Knowledge • Krankenpflege • many • nurses • nurses health • nursing • Patient • Planning • provides • required • Vital
• ISBN-10: 1-118-30595-7 / 1118305957
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-30595-9 / 9781118305959