Methods for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health (eBook)

Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2012 | 2. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-28588-6 (ISBN)

Infos

This thoroughly revised and updated second edition of Methods for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health provides a step-by-step approach to the application of participatory approaches to quantitative and qualitative data collection and data analysis. With contributions from a distinguished panel of experts, this important volume shows how researchers, practitioners, and community partners can work together to establish and maintain equitable partnerships using a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach to increase knowledge and improve the health and well-being of the communities involved.

Written for students, practitioners, researchers, and community members, the book provides a comprehensive presentation of innovative partnership structures and processes, and covers the broad spectrum of methods needed to conduct CBPR in the widest range of research areas-including social determinants of health, health inequities, health promotion, community interventions, disease management, health services, and environmental health. The contributors examine effective methods used within the context of a CBPR approach including survey questionnaire, in-depth interview, focus group interview, ethnography, exposure assessment, and geographic information system mapping. In addition, each chapter describes a case study of the application of the method using a CBPR approach. The book also contains examples of concrete tools and measurement instruments that may be adapted by others involved in CBPR efforts.

Barbara A. Israel, DrPH, MPH, is professor, department of health behavior and health education at the School of Public Health, University of Michigan.

Eugenia Eng, DrPH, MPH, is professor, department of health behavior at the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Amy J. Schulz, PhD, MPH, is professor, department of health behavior and health education, at the School of Public Health, University of Michigan.

Edith Parker, DrPH, MPH, is professor and chair, department of community and behavioral health at the College of Public Health, University of Iowa.

Inhalt

Figures and Tables 13
Foreword 15
Acknowledgments 21
The Editors 25
The Contributors 29
PART ONE: Introduction to Methods for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health 57
Chapter 1: Introduction to Methods for CBPR for Health 59
Background 61
Principles of CBPR 64
Core Components/Phases in Conducting CBPR 67
CBPR and Health Inequities: Cultural, Social, Economic, and Environmental Context 69
Purpose and Goals of This Book 72
Organization of This Book 74
Summary 85
References 86
Chapter 2: Developing and Maintaining Partnerships with Communities 99
How Do We Start? 104
Strategy 1: Reflect on Own Capacities and Those of Our Institutions to Engage in Research Partnerships 106
Strategy 2: Identify Potential Partners and Partnerships Through Appropriate Networks, Associations, and Leaders 109
Strategy 3: Negotiate a Research Agenda Based on a Common Framework on Mechanisms for Change 113
Strategy 4: Use Up, Down, and Peer Mentoring and Apprenticeship, Across the CBPR Partnership 114
Strategy 5. Create and Nurture Structures to Sustain Partnerships, Through Constituency Building and Organizational Development 116
Summary 119
Key Terms 119
Discussion Questions 120
References 120
Chapter 3: Strategies and Techniques for Effective Group Process in CBPR Partnerships 125
Elements of Group Dynamics Relevant to CBPR Partnerships 127
Group Membership 128
Equitable Participation and Open Communication 129
Establishing Norms for Working Together 133
Developing and Maintaining Trust 134
Selecting and Prioritizing Goals and Objectives 136
Identifying Community Strengths and Concerns 138
Leadership 139
Power and Influence 140
Addressing Conflict 142
Decision Making 143
Specific Strategies for Working in Diverse Partnerships 145
Importance of Partnership Assessment 147
Summary 148
Discussion Questions 148
Key Terms 149
References 149
Chapter 4: Infrastructure for Equitable DecisionMaking In Research 153
Background on the CBPR Partnerships 158
Infrastructure for CBPR Partnership Development 160
Structure 1: Undoing Racism Training 160
Structure 2: Full Value Contract 162
Infrastructure for Conducting Research 163
Structure 3: Research Ethics Training and Certification 163
Structure 4: Partnership Bylaws 167
Structure 5: CBPR Conflict Management Procedures 170
Infrastructure for Dissemination Phase 172
Structure 6: Publications and Dissemination Guidelines 172
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 175
Summary 177
Discussion Questions 178
Key Terms 178
References 179
PART THREE: Community Assessment and Diagnosis 183
References 185
Chapter 5: Insiders and Outsiders Assess Who Is “The Community” 189
Origins of Aocd 193
General Description of AOCD Research Design and Methods 196
Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Conducting Aocd 207
Summary 210
Key Terms 211
Discussion Questions 211
References 212
Chapter 6: Using Ethnography in Participatory Community Assessment 217
Community-Based Participatory Research and Community Assessment 218
Introducing Participatory Community Assessment (PCA) 219
Defining the Characteristics of Ethnography That Are Compatible with Participatory Community Assessment 219
Defining Participatory Community Assessment 220
Defining Community 221
Ethnographic Methods in Participatory Community Assessment 222
Forming the Assessment Group 222
Issue Identification 224
Constructing Assessment Models 224
Cultural (Community) Level Data Collection 227
Individual-Level Data Collection 231
Participatory Analysis and Triangulation of Data for Results 234
Implementation Challenges 235
Lessons Learned 236
Implications for Practice 238
Summary 239
Key Terms 240
Discussion Questions 240
References 240
PART FOUR: Define the Issue, Design and Conduct the Research 245
References 252
Chapter 7: Community-Based Participation in SurveyDesign and Implementation 253
Background and Description: Healthy Environments Partnership 255
Role of Partners and Community Members in the Development, Implementation, and Application of Findings from the Hep Community Surveys 257
Creating a Framework for Participation and Influence: The Healthy Environments Partnership Steering Committee (HEP SC) 257
Engaging Diverse Community Members: Focus Groups 258
Creating a Structure for Focused Collaborative Work: The Survey Subcommittee 259
Getting Feedback and Fine-Tuning the Survey Questionnaire: Pretesting and Discussion With Community Residents 260
Steering Committee: Oversight of Field Period 261
Results of Survey Implementation 264
Wave 2 Survey, 2008 265
Interpretation, Dissemination, and Application of Survey Results 266
Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Practice from the Hep Community Surveys 267
Creating Mechanisms for Multiple Forms of Participation from Diverse Groups 268
Addressing Geographic Distance and Difference 269
Providing Flexible and Organized Support for Participation 269
Recognizing When Participation Is Needed, and from Whom 270
Recognize Both the Capacities and the Limits of the Partnership 271
Balancing Multiple Priorities 272
Demonstrating That Contributions Are Valued 272
Sustaining Mutual Commitment 273
Establishing Mechanisms to Assure Bidirectional Communication Across Multiple Dimensions 274
Summary 275
Key Terms 276
Questions for Discussion 276
References 277
Chapter 8: USING A CBPR APPROACH TO DEVELOP AN INTERVIEWER TRAINING MANUAL WITH MEMBERS OF THE APSÁALOOKE NATION 281
Community Setting 282
CBPR Partnership Background 285
Development of Survey Research Processes 286
Goals of Survey Research 288
Recruitment and Enrollment 289
Manner of the Interviewer 290
Beginning and Closing the Interview in a Respectful Manner 291
Language Use 292
Dissemination and Use of Survey Findings 294
The Interviewers 294
Challenges 296
Lessons Learned and Implications 297
Summary 299
Key Terms 300
Discussion Questions 300
References 300
Chapter 9: The Application of Focus Group Methodologies to CBPR 305
CBPR and the Project Background 309
Research Design and Focus Group Methods 311
Focus Group Interviews with Pregnant and Postpartum Women 312
Focus Group Interviews with Policy, Program and Organization Leaders 315
Data Analysis 318
Data Feedback, Use of Data and Products, and Resulting CBPR Interventions 320
Challenges and Limitations 322
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 323
Summary 327
Key Terms 329
Discussion Questions 329
References 329
Chapter 10: Development, Evolution, and Implementation of A Food Environment Audit for DiverseNeighborhoods 333
What Is a Food Audit? 335
Overview of The Healthy Environments Partnership (HEP) 336
Development of Food Store Audit 337
Origins and Evolution of the Food Store Audit 337
Overview of the HEP Food Environment Audit for Diverse Neighborhoods (FEAD-N) 341
Implementation of Food Store Audit 342
Recruitment, Hiring, and Training of Community Members as Observers 342
Data Collection 347
Inter-Rater Reliability Results 348
Challenges and Limitations 348
Food Audits Are Based on a Common Rubric 348
Food Audit Was Cross-Sectional 349
Limits on How Much Data Can Be Reliably Collected Due to Financial and Time Constraints 350
Balance Between Data Comparability and Local Relevance 350
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 351
Invest in Training and Supervision of Community Members 351
Complement with Other Research Methods that Engage Community Members 351
Create Synergies Between Action and Research and Among CBPR Projects 352
Promote Colearning and Benefits for All Partners in Keeping with CBPR Principles 353
Summary 354
Key Terms 355
Discussion Questions 355
References 356
Chapter 11: CBPR and Ethnography 361
A General Description of Ethnography 363
Methods within Methods 365
Community Ethnographers 366
Study Background 366
Study Setting 366
CBEPR Partnership 367
The Cbepr Process Exemplified 368
Stage One: Developing the Proposal 369
Stage Two: Moving from Concept to Process 370
Stage Three: Analyzing the Findings 373
Challenges and Limitations 377
Lessons Learned 378
How Team Members Learned 378
What Team Members Learned 379
Skills and Understandings 380
Building Knowledge About Health Disparities in Diverse Communities 382
Implications for Practice 384
Summary 384
Key Terms 385
Discussion Questions 385
References 386
Chapter 12: What’s with The Wheezing? 391
Environmental Exposure Assessment Methods and Asthma 393
Seattle-King County Asthma Program 396
Home Environmental Assessment in The Healthy Homes Projects 398
Deciding What to Measure 399
Exposure Measures 399
Data Collection Methods 402
Data Collectors 403
Improving Exposure Assessment with a CBPR Approach 404
Cross-Cultural Issues 404
Quantity and Complexity of Data 405
Data Collection 406
Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Practice 406
Summary 412
Key Terms 413
Discussion Questions 413
References 413
PART FIVE: Documentation and Evaluation of Partnerships 421
References 422
Chapter 13: Documentation and Evaluation of CBPR Partnerships 425
Conceptual Framework for Assessing CBPR Partnerships 428
General Description of Data Collection Methods 430
In-Depth, Semistructured Interviews 430
Closed-Ended Survey Questionnaires 431
Application of Methods to Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center 432
Partnership Background 432
Evaluation Design and Role of the Evaluation Subcommittee 433
In-Depth, Semistructured Interviews 435
Closed-Ended Survey Questionnaire 438
Challenges and Limitations 442
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 445
Summary 449
Key Terms 450
Discussion Questions 450
References 450
PART SIX: Feedback, Interpretation, Dissemination, and Application of Results 455
References 458
Chapter 14: Developing and Implementing Guidelines for Dissemination 461
Overview of The Community Action Against Asthma Partnership 463
Formation and Functions of The Caaa Dissemination Committee 466
Recruiting and Selecting Members 467
Developing Dissemination Guidelines and Related Issues 468
Establishing Procedures for Feedback to the Community 471
Transition of DC Responsibilities to the SC 472
Implementation of The Guidelines: Examples of Dissemination Decisions and Activities 472
Selecting Representatives for Conferences and Meetings 473
Approving Abstracts and Abstract Authorship for Conference Presentations 474
Selecting Lead Authors and Coauthors for Manuscripts 474
Handling Requests for Use of Data 475
Discussing How to Handle Dissemination Requirements for Affiliated Projects 476
Feeding Back to Participants and the Wider Community 477
Challenges 480
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 483
Summary 486
Key Terms 486
Discussion Questions 486
References 487
Chapter 15: Collaborative Data Collection, Interpretation, and Action Planning in A Rural African American Community:Men on The Move 491
Overview of Men on The Move 494
Statement of Problem 494
Evolution of Partnership 495
Methods for Partner Engagement, Multilevel Assessment, and Findings and Action Steps 497
Community Forums 498
Partner Engagement in Community Forums 500
Findings and Action Steps Taken Based on Community Forums 500
Community-Wide Assessment 501
Partner Engagement in Community-Wide Assessment 502
Findings and Action Steps Taken Based on Community-Wide Assessment 502
Economic Assessment 503
Partner Engagement in Economic Assessment 503
Findings and Action Steps Taken Based on Economic Assessment 504
Soft Skills Class Evaluation 505
Partner Engagement in Soft Skills Class Evaluation 505
Findings and Action Steps Taken Based on Soft Skills Class Evaluation 506
Photo-Elicitation Group Interviews 507
Partner Engagement in Photo-Elicitation Group Interviews 507
Findings and Action Steps Taken Based on Photo-Elicitation Group Interviews 508
Challenges 509
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 510
Recognizing the Benefit of a CBPR Approach 510
Readiness Is Important for Determining Utility of Various Methods 510
Methods and Tools May Not Accurately Capture Information Desired 511
CBPR Approach Can Enhance Collection and Interpretation of Data 511
Engaging Participants from Outside Core Partnership Can Increase Skills and Credibility 512
Not All Aspects of Community Represented in Any Given CBPR Assessment 512
Engaging New Partners Requires Orientation and Modification 513
Integrating Work into the Broader Community 514
Summary 514
Key Terms 515
Discussion Questions 515
References 515
Chapter 16: Collaborative Mapping for Health Equity 519
New Technology and Community Mapping for Health 522
Mapping and Movement Building 524
Mapping for Environmental Justice in East Oakland 525
Building Leadership Through Community Mapping 527
Community Cumulative Impacts on Map Making 532
Community Mapping for Health Equity in Brooklyn, New York 533
Contested Images: Community and Professional Maps 534
Challenges and Recommendations 538
Community Mapping in CBPR: Opportunities and Lessons Learned 539
Summary 541
Key Terms 541
Discussion Questions 542
References 542
Chapter 17: Photovoice As a CBPR METHOD 545
The Origin, Use, and Theoretical Underpinnings of Photovoice 547
Theoretical Underpinnings of Photovoice 548
Application Of Photovoice: The Surviving Angels—Inspirational Images Project 548
Preparing for the Photovoice Project Using a CBPR Process 549
Implementing the Photovoice Project Using a CBPR Process 554
Developing a QOL Framework Grounded in Survivors’ Experiences and Perspectives 558
Sharing Findings with Local Policymakers and Decision Makers: Planning and Conducting a Forum 559
Challenges 562
Lessons Learned—Implications for Practice 564
Summary 566
Key Terms 567
Discussion Questions 567
References 568
Chapter 18: Methods for Community- Based Participatory Policy Work to Improve Food Environments in New York City 573
What Is Community-Based Participatory Policy Work? 575
Food-Related Health Conditions and Food Policy in New York City 577
The Brooklyn Food Coalition 578
Faith Leaders for Environmental Justice 582
The Health Equity Project 583
Methods for Data Collection, Analysis and Presentation 584
Eliciting Various Constituencies’ Definitions of Priority Problems 585
Eliciting Data on Participant Experiences with Current Policies 586
Identifying, Accessing, and Understanding Existing Data Sources to Document Problems Associated with Food and Food Environments 588
Collecting and Analyzing Primary Data on Food Environments 589
Policy Scanning and Analysis 590
Eliciting Views on Policy Opportunities 591
Limitations and Challenges 592
Lessons Learned and Implications for Practice 594
Need for a Team with Diverse Skills 594
Grant Funding Plays a Role in What Is Possible and When 595
Tensions Around How Much Participation Is Needed at Various Decision Points 595
Coupling Education and Research Processes Can Help to Build Constituencies for Change 596
Importance of Understanding How and Where Evidence Can Be Used Persuasively 597
Summary 597
Key Terms 598
Discussion Questions 598
References 599
Chapter 19: Citizens, Science, and Data Judo 603
Los Angeles Collaborative for Environmental Health and Justice: Background and The Partners Involved 606
Developing Approaches to CBPR on Environmental Justice 609
Identification and Selection of Secondary Data 611
Analysis of Secondary Data 612
Dissemination of Research Results to Enhance Community Participation in Environmental Policymaking and Regulation 613
Leveraging Research to Promote Policy Change 616
Transforming Traditional Approaches for Researching Community Environmental Health 623
Challenges and Limitations of Emphasizing Secondary Data Analysis 625
Lessons Learned and Looking Toward the Future 626
Summary 628
Key Terms 629
Discussion Questions 629
References 629
Appendixes 635
Appendix A: Instructions For Conducting A Force Field Analysis 637
Procedure 638
References 639
Appendix B: Full Value Contract 641
Appendix C: Collaborative REVISED ByLaws 645
Article I: Name 646
Article II: Mission, Goal, and Strategy 646
Section 1—Mission 646
Section 2—Goal 646
Section 3—Strategy 646
Article III: Membership 647
Section 1—Eligibility 647
Section 2—Representative Membership Make-Up 648
Section 3—Annual Dues 648
Section 4—Membership 648
Section 5—Rights of Members 649
Section 6—Change in Membership Status, Resignation, and Termination 649
Article IV: Meetings of Members 649
Section 1—Regular Meetings 649
Section 2—Special Meetings 649
Section 3—Notice of Meetings 649
Section 4—Distribution of Meeting Minutes 650
Section 5—Quorum 650
Section 6—Voting 650
Article V: Executive Committee 650
Section 1—Officers and Duties 650
Section 2—Terms 651
Section 3—Vacancies 652
Section 4—Resignation, Termination, and Absences 652
Section 5—Special Meetings 652
Article VI: Committees 652
Section 1—Appointments 652
Section 2—Standing Committees 652
Section 3—Special Committees 655
Article VII: Amendments 655
Section 1—Amendments 655
Article VIII: Gifts, Bequests, And Grants 655
Certification 655
Appendix D: Community Member Key Informant Interview Guide 657
Appendix E: Selected Healthy Environments Partnership Measures By Survey Categories, Indicating Source of Identification for Inclusion and Scale Items 661
References 665
Appendix F: Promoting Healthy Lifestyles among Women 669
Promoviendo Estilos De Vida Saludables Entre Mujeres 672
Spanish Language Version Used in Southwest Detroit 672
Appendix G Field Notes Guide 675
Appendix H In-Depth, Semi-structured Interview Protocol 679
Interview Questions Asked in 1996 680
Additional Interview Questions Asked in 1999 681
Additional Interview Questions Asked in 2002 682
Reference 682
Appendix I Closed-Ended Survey Questionnaire 683
Notes 692
References/Sources 692
Appendix J Philosophy and Guiding Principles for Dissemination of Findings of Community Action Against Asthma Including Authorship of Publications and Presentations, Policies and Procedures, Access to Data, and Related Matters 695
Appendix K Inspirational Images Project 701
Would You Like to Participate in This Research Project Exploring Breast Cancer Survivorship? 702
Appendix L Inspirational Images Project 707
May I Take Your Picture? 708
Criteria for deciding to take on research tasks: 712
In this process the Collaborative must: 713
Appendix M Southern California Environmental Justice Collaborative 711

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.9.2012
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitswesen
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
• Schlagworte: Community-Based Participatory Research, CBPR, application of participatory approaches to qualitative data collection, structured and unstructured interviews, observations, and group interviews, data analysis and the constant comparative method, data analysis and coding schemes, data analysis and theme memo, survey questionnaire, in-depth interview, focus group interview, ethnography, exposure assessment, geographic information system mapping, CBPR implementation • Gesundheits- u. Sozialwesen • Health & Social Care • Public Health / Ausbildung u. Verhaltensweisen • Public Health Behavior & Education
• ISBN-10: 1-118-28588-3 / 1118285883
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-28588-6 / 9781118285886