Ethnic Dermatology (eBook)

Principles and Practice

Ophelia E. Dadzie, Antoine Petit, Andrew F. Alexis (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2013
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-49784-5 (ISBN)

Infos

ETHNIC DERMATOLOGY
Principles and Practice

Richly pigmented skin is the most common skin type internationally

Historically, dermatology has focused on white skin. But rich pigmentation can lead to differences in presentation, disease course and outcome, and reaction to treatment. Some dermatologic conditions are seen either predominantly or exclusively in richly pigmented skin.

Ethnic Dermatology: Principles and Practice provides a practical approach to the dermatology of nonwhite skin. Written from a global perspective to include Asian, African-Caribbean and North African skin types, it covers all the bases of dermatology including:

• Grading scales in dermatologic disease
• Pediatric dermatology
• Dermatology and systemic disease
• Drug eruptions
• Hair and scalp disorders
• Cosmetic dermatology.

With a central focus on practical action from an international cast of authors, Ethnic Dermatology: Principles and Practice gives you the clinical tools you need when skin color matters.

Edited by

Ophelia E. Dadzie BSc (Hons), MBBS, MRCP, DipRCPath (Dermpath) UK, Department of Dermatology, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust; and Centre for Clinical Science and Technology, University College London Division of Medicine, London, UK

Antoine Petit, MD, Service de Dermatologie, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France

Andrew F. Alexis, MD, MPH, Director, Skin of Color Center, Department of Dermatology, St Luke's- Roosevelt Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA

Inhalt

Ethnic Dermatology: Principles and Practice 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
List of Contributors 9
Foreword 11
Preface 13
List of Abbreviations 15
Chapter 1 Defining Ethnic Dermatology: Challenges, Limitations, and Merits 19
Chapter 2 Skin Semiology and Grading Scales 23
Introduction 23
Pigmentation and color 24
Hyperchromia 25
Hypochromia 26
Physiological patterns 26
Other differences in skin semiology 31
Pruritus and consequences of scratching or rubbing the skin 31
Follicular and micropapular patterns 32
Grading scores/scales 33
Acknowledgment 35
Chapter 3 Common Skin Conditions and Ethnicity 37
Introduction 37
Psoriasis 37
Epidemiology and pathophysiology 37
Clinical features and diagnosis 38
Management 40
Adult seborrheic dermatitis 40
Epidemiology 40
Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment 41
Xerosis (dry skin) 41
Epidemiology and pathophysiology 41
Management 42
Contact dermatitis 42
Epidemiology and causes 42
Clinical features 43
Atopic dermatitis 44
Epidemiology 44
Clinical features and diagnosis 45
Palmar and plantar keratoderma 47
Epidemiology and clinical features 47
Diagnosis and management 50
Pityriasis rosea 50
Definition, etiology, and epidemiology 50
Clinical features and diagnosis 50
Management 52
Lichenification and prurigo nodularis 52
Definition and pathophysiology 52
Clinical features and diagnosis 52
Epidemiology 56
Management 56
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis 56
Definition and epidemiology 56
Clinical features and pathophysiology 56
Diagnosis and management 58
Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis 58
Prurigo pigmentosa 59
Definition and epidemiology 59
Clinical features and diagnosis 59
Pathophysiology and management 60
Acne 60
Epidemiology 60
Clinical features 60
Management 61
Rosacea 62
Facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption 62
Lichen planus 63
Epidemiology 63
Clinical features and diagnosis 63
Management 67
Lichen nitidus 67
Definition 67
Epidemiology 67
Clinical features and diagnosis 67
Management 68
Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis 69
Epidemiology and pathophysiology 69
Clinical features and diagnosis 69
Management 70
Autoimmune blistering disorders 70
Pediculosis capitis 71
T-cell lymphoma 71
Epidemiology and pathophysiology 71
Clinical features and diagnosis 71
Management 72
Skin lesions in relation to traditional therapies 72
Acknowledgment 73
Chapter 4 Pediatric Dermatology and the Ethnic Patient 81
Introduction 81
Dermal melanocytosis 81
Mongolian spots 81
Nevus of Ota and nevus of Ito 81
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis 82
Acropustulosis of infancy 83
Kawasaki’s disease 83
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus 84
Neonatal lupus erythematosus 84
Traction folliculits/alopecia 85
Tinea capitis 85
Atopic dermatitis 86
Ichthyosis 88
Keratosis pilaris 88
Lichen striatus 89
Epidermal nevus 89
Phytophotodermatitis 90
Recognizing jaundice 90
Measles 90
Vascular lesions 91
Childhood granulomatus periorificial dermatitis 92
Neurofibromatosis type 1 92
Molluscum contagiosum 93
Seborrheic dermatitis 94
Acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica 94
Chapter 5 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 97
Introduction 97
Lupus erythematosus or lupic disease 97
Epidemiology 98
Classification of cutaneous LE 98
Acute lupus erythematosus 98
Chronic lupus erythematosus 99
Subacute lupus erythematosus 101
Systemic lupus erythematosus 101
Laboratory parameters 101
Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus 101
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) 102
Epidemiology 102
Cutaneous disease 102
Systemic disease 104
Laboratory parameters 104
Treatment 105
Dermatomyositis 105
Epidemiology 105
Cutaneous disease 105
Systemic disease 106
Treatment 106
Sarcoidosis 106
Epidemiology 106
Cutaneous disease 107
Systemic disease 110
Laboratory parameters 110
Treatment 110
Behçet’s disease 110
Epidemiology 110
Mucocutaneous disease 110
Systemic disease 111
Treatment 112
Acanthosis nigricans 112
Epidemiology 112
Cutaneous disease 113
Systemic disease association 113
Treatment 115
Sickle cell disease 115
Epidemiology 115
Systemic disease 116
Cutaneous disease 116
Treatment 116
Conclusion 117
Chapter 6 Drug Eruptions and Ethnicity 121
Introduction 121
Clinical presentation 121
Incidence 121
Drug allergy in general 121
Subtypes of drug eruptions 122
Eruptions to specific drugs 123
Explaining the observed ethnic differences 123
Varying utilization of drugs 123
Polymorphism within metabolic pathways 123
Polymorphism in immune response 124
Practical conclusions 125
Chapter 7 Photodermatoses and Phototherapy in the Ethnic Patient 127
Introduction 127
Photodermatoses 127
Polymorphous light eruption 127
Chronic actinic dermatitis 129
Actinic prurigo 132
Solar urticaria 134
Drug-induced photosensitivity 134
Ultraviolet-based and laser therapy 135
Vitiligo 135
Laser hair removal 136
Hidradenitis suppurativa 136
Acne keloidalis nuchae 136
Nevus of Ota/Ito 136
Conclusion 137
Chapter 8 HIV-related Skin Diseases 141
Introduction 141
Infectious skin diseases 141
Bacterial skin infections 141
Mycobacterial skin infections 142
Viral skin infections 142
Fungal skin infections 144
Parasitic skin infections 145
Inflammatory skin diseases 145
Drug reactions 147
Neoplastic skin diseases 147
Hair and nail disorders 148
HIV-related skin diseases associated with antiretroviral therapy 149
Antiretroviral-specific dermatological problems 149
Immune reconstitution syndrome-related disorders 150
Chapter 9 Benign Skin Tumors and Cysts in the Ethnic Patient 153
Introduction 153
Dermatosis papulosa nigra 153
Syringoma 153
Vellus hair cysts 156
Epidermoid cysts 156
Granular cell tumor 157
Papillary eccrine adenoma 157
Lipoma 157
Pseudolymphoma 157
Chapter 10 Malignant Skin Tumors and the Ethnic Patient 161
Introduction 161
Melanoma 161
Age 162
Sex 162
Etiology 162
Clinical presentation 162
Diagnosis 165
Histology 165
Treatment 165
Follow-up 166
Prognosis 166
Basal cell carcinoma 166
Squamous cell carcinoma 167
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ 167
Keratoacanthoma 168
Management 168
Prognosis 168
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans 168
Cutaneous lymphoma 169
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas 169
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas 172
Kaposi’s sarcoma 172
Clinical presentation 173
Histopathology 174
Treatment 174
Prognosis 174
Chapter 11 Treatment of Keloids and Scars 177
Introduction 177
Keloid and scar treatment 178
First-line therapy 178
Intralesional corticosteroids 178
Interferon 180
Second-line therapy 181
Cryotherapy 181
Radiation 181
Third-line therapy 182
Lasers 182
Imiquimod 182
5-Fluorouracil 183
Surgical removal 183
Tangential shaving 184
Over-the-counter treatments 184
Novel therapies and the future 184
Viral hypothesis and possible future therapies 185
Chapter 12 Vitiligo: Clinical Presentation and Management 191
Introduction 191
Definition and types of vitiligo 191
Clinical subtypes of vitiligo 191
Prevalence and affected sites 193
Prevalence 193
Affected sites 193
Differential diagnoses 194
Quality of life in vitiligo patients 194
Etiology and pathogenesis 194
Histopathology 196
Natural history and prognosis 196
Investigations 196
Management and treatment 196
Conservative approach 197
Topical treatments 197
Systemic and complementary therapies 197
Phototherapy and other light-based therapies 197
Psychological support 198
Depigmentation 198
Surgical therapies 198
Conclusion 199
Chapter 13 Other Causes of Hypopigmentation: What Not to Miss 205
Introduction 205
Pathophysiology of hypopigmentation 205
Clinical assessment 206
Hypopigmentation: the causes 206
Pityriasis versicolor 207
Pityriasis alba 208
Nevus anemicus 208
Seborrheic dermatitis 208
Leprosy 209
Vitiligo 209
Sarcoidosis 210
Granuloma multiforme (Leiker) 210
Progressive macular hypomelanosis 210
Scleroderma 211
Psoriasis 211
Mycosis fungoides 212
Discoid lupus erythematosus 212
Endemic treponematosis 212
Postinflammatory hypopigmentation 212
Onchocerciasis 213
Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis 213
Confetti like leukoderma (leukoderma induced by hydroquinone) 213
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 213
Other causes 214
Conclusion 214
Chapter 14 Facial Hyperpigmentation: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management 217
Introduction 217
Macules 218
Acne 218
Facial hyperpigmentation secondary to pseudofolliculitis barbae 222
Other inflammatory pigmentations 222
Patches 222
Eczema (atopy and contact dermatitis) 222
Melasma 223
Nevus of Ota 225
Exogenous ochronosis 226
Generalized hyperpigmentation 227
Actinic lichen planus 227
Drug-induced facial hyperpigmentation 228
Conclusion 228
Chapter 15 Hair and Scalp Disorders in Women of African Descent 231
Introduction 231
Pathogenesis 231
Biology of Afro-textured hair 231
Hair grooming 233
Prevalence of hair and scalp disease 233
Clinical assessment 236
History 236
Examination 236
Ancillary investigations 240
Investigations 243
Clinical features and management of specific hair and scalp disorders 245
Scalp disorders 246
Scarring alopecias 248
Nonscarring alopecias 253
Conclusions 255
Chapter 16 Dermatological Disorders in Men of African Descent 259
Introduction 259
Pseudofolliculitis barbae 259
Pathogenesis 259
Clinical presentation 260
Treatment 260
Alternative approaches to hair removal 261
Acne keloidalis nuchae 262
Pathogenesis 262
Clinical presentation 262
Treatment 263
Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp 264
Pathogenesis 264
Clinical presentation 264
Treatment 265
Folliculitis decalvans 266
Clinical features 266
Pathogenesis 266
Treatment 267
Keloids 267
Pathogenesis 267
Clinical presentation 267
Treatment 269
Chapter 17 Hair Transplantation in People of African Descent 275
Introduction 275
Biology of afro-textured hair and skin: implications for hair transplantation 275
Indications and pre-procedure evaluation 275
History of hair transplantation 277
Harvesting technique 277
Dissection of donor tissue 278
Graft implantation 279
Postoperative care 279
Complications 279
Conclusion 280
Chapter 18 Lasers and the Ethnic Patient 281
Introduction 281
Acne scars 281
Ablative devices 281
Fractional devices 281
Nonablative devices 282
Acne 282
Photorejuvenation 283
Fractional devices 283
Light-emitting diode 283
Laser-assisted hair reduction 284
Alexandrite laser 284
Diode laser 284
Neodymium : yttrium aluminum garnet laser 284
Skin tightening 285
Radiofrequency devices 285
Infrared tightening 285
Ultrasound tightening 286
Lipolysis with energy-based devices 286
Most common complications 287
Laser hair removal complications 287
Tattoo removal laser complications 288
Melasma laser complications 288
Vascular lesion laser complications 288
Conclusion 288
Chapter 19 Cosmetic Dermatology in Ethnic Skin 291
Introduction 291
Chemical peels 294
Fillers 297
Botulinum toxin 301
Conclusion 303
Chapter 20 Cosmetic Use of Skin Lightening Products 305
Introduction 305
Epidemiology 305
Pharmacological data 305
Complications 306
Cutaneous complications 306
Extracutaneous complications 308
Sociocultural data 309
Management 309
Public health strategy 309
Conclusion 309
Index 311

Rezensionen

"This book joins the library of references on skin of
color. It is a good introductory textbook to learn about the
special concerns and variation in clinical presentations of
dermatoses in darker skinned individuals."
(Doody's, 2 August 2013)

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.1.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Dermatologie
• Schlagworte: antoine • Center • clinical science • Color • Common • Conditions • Dermatologie • Dermatology • differences • Director • F • Focused • internationally historically • lukesroosevelt • Medical Science • Medizin • Ophelia • Pigmentation • Predominantly • presentation • Skin • Type • USA • White
• ISBN-10: 1-118-49784-8 / 1118497848
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-49784-5 / 9781118497845