The Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction is one response to the challenge of meeting the mental health needs and behavior-related problems of addicted teenagers. The work has been edited as an independent project by members of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry, the oldest professional organization of psychiatrists devoted solely to the mental health care and treatment of teenagers in the USA. The forensic psychiatry perspective permeates the entire book. It will help to produce health providers with a deep and sensitive understanding of the developmental needs and behavior-related problems of adolescents.
The Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction is a practical tool for all those who help adolescents: practitioners of family medicine, general psychiatrists, child/adolescent psychiatrists, adolescent psychiatrists, addiction psychiatrists, non-psychiatric physicians specializing in addiction medicine, forensic psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, mental health administrators, Court/Probation/ Parole/Correctional health workers.
The book is organized in a user-friendly format so that readers can easily locate the chapters that provide the information that is required. In some instances, topics of special importance deliberately have been addressed in more than one chapter, to illuminate the topics from a variety of vantage points. One aim of the editors is to move the topic from being a specialist area to a generalist one by providing tools for generalist to use.
Richard Rosner, M.D., D.L.F.A.P.A., F.A.C.Psych., F.A.S.A.P., F.A.A.F.S. (Psychiatry & Behavioral Science) is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Former Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Residency Program, New York University School of Medicine. Former Medical Director, Forensic Psychiatry Clinic, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY; Former President, American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry; Former President, American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law; Former President, American Academy of Forensic Sciences
Since 1960, the burden of adolescent illness has shifted from the traditional causes of disease to the more behavior-related problems, such as drinking, smoking and drug abuse (nearly half of American adolescents have used an illicit drug sometime during their life). Instilling in adolescents the knowledge, skills, and values that foster physical and mental health will require substantial changes in the way health professionals work and the way they connect with families, schools, and community organizations. At the same time, the major textbooks on addiction medicine and addiction psychiatry devote relatively little attention to the special problems of diagnosing and treating adolescent addicts. Similarly, the major textbooks on general and child and adolescent psychiatry direct relatively little attention to the issues surrounding adolescent addiction. The Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction is one response to the challenge of meeting the mental health needs and behavior-related problems of addicted teenagers. The work has been edited as an independent project by members of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry, the oldest professional organization of psychiatrists devoted solely to the mental health care and treatment of teenagers in the USA. The forensic psychiatry perspective permeates the entire book. It will help to produce health providers with a deep and sensitive understanding of the developmental needs and behavior-related problems of adolescents. The Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction is a practical tool for all those who help adolescents: practitioners of family medicine, general psychiatrists, child/adolescent psychiatrists, adolescent psychiatrists, addiction psychiatrists, non-psychiatric physicians specializing in addiction medicine, forensic psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, mental health administrators, Court/Probation/ Parole/Correctional health workers. The book is organized in a user-friendly format so that readers can easily locate the chapters that provide the information that is required. In some instances, topics of special importance deliberately have been addressed in more than one chapter, to illuminate the topics from a variety of vantage points. One aim of the editors is to move the topic from being a specialist area to a generalist one by providing tools for generalist to use.
Richard Rosner, M.D., D.L.F.A.P.A., F.A.C.Psych., F.A.S.A.P., F.A.A.F.S. (Psychiatry & Behavioral Science) is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Former Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Residency Program, New York University School of Medicine. Former Medical Director, Forensic Psychiatry Clinic, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY; Former President, American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry; Former President, American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law; Former President, American Academy of Forensic Sciences
CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF Adolescent Addiction 1
Contents 9
List of Contributors 13
Preface 17
Foreword 19
SECTION ONE: THE SCOURGE OF ADOLESCENT ADDICTION 21
1 The Scourge of Addiction: What the Adolescent Psychiatrist Needs to Know 23
ADOLESCENT DUAL DIAGNOSIS 23
CONCLUSION 27
Acknowledgement 28
References 28
2 Adolescent Addictions in the United Kingdom 29
EPIDEMIOLOGY 29
RISK AND RESILIENCE 34
SPECIALIST SERVICES FOR ADOLESCENTS 36
POLICY 37
CONCLUSION 39
APPENDIX 2.1: EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA FOR THE UNITED STATES 40
References 41
SECTION TWO: ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBSTANCE-ABUSING ADOLESCENT 45
3 Clinical Assessment of Addiction in Adolescents 47
INTRODUCTION 47
TERMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER 47
SCREENING TOOLS 49
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 50
LABORATORY SCREENING 54
DOCUMENTATION 54
References 55
4 Emergency Room and Medical Evaluation 56
INTRODUCTION 56
MEDICAL EVALUATION 56
EMERGENCY ROOM EVALUATION 60
SPECIAL TOPIC: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED OVERDOSE IN ADOLESCENT PATIENTS 62
SUMMARY 65
References 65
5 Psychological Assessment 68
OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT MEASURES 69
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS 70
DECISION-MAKING IN THE USE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS 76
CONCLUSION 78
References 78
6 Cultural Assessment 81
ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS 85
SUMMARY 86
References 86
USEFUL WEB RESOURCES 87
7 Psychosocial Assessment of the Substance- Abusing Adolescent 88
INTRODUCTION 88
STRATEGIES, APPROACHES, AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 88
INDICATORS FOR ASSESSMENT 89
SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT 90
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS 91
SELECTION OF SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS 94
SUBSTANCE ABUSE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS 95
CONCLUSION 96
References 96
8 The Neurobiology of Adolescent Addiction 98
ADOLESCENT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 98
THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY OF ADOLESCENT RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR 99
AT-RISK ADOLESCENTS: AT-RISK FOR DISINHIBITION 103
THE NEUROTOXIC IMPACT OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA 104
CONCLUSION 105
References 105
9 Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders 108
INTRODUCTION 108
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE SYNDROMES IN ADOLESCENTS 108
PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS 109
DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS 110
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE 111
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS AND COMORBID MOOD DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS 113
BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS 113
DEPRESSION AND ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS 114
CO-OCCURRING ANXIETY AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS 115
CONCLUSIONS: ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS AND COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS 116
References 117
10 Toxicology of Substances of Abuse 119
HISTORY OF DRUG TESTING 120
TESTING STANDARDS 120
SAMPLE SOURCES 120
TESTING METHODS 123
TESTING RELIABILITY AND RESULT INTERPRETATION 124
COMMON SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE 128
CONCLUSIONS 138
References 138
SECTION THREE: RISK AND PREVENTION 143
11 Prevention of Adolescent Psychoactive Substance Use 145
INTRODUCTION 145
PROTECTIVE FACTORS 145
TYPES OF PREVENTION STRATEGIES 147
CONCLUSIONS 150
References 150
12 Developmental Risks for Substance Use in Adolescence: Age as Risk Factor 152
INTRODUCTION 152
ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE MISUSE: “EXPERIMENTAL” AND OTHER FORMS 153
DEVELOPMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR 153
ATTITUDES REGARDING USE OF ILLICIT SUBSTANCES 154
THEORIES OF ADOLESCENT PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE 155
CONCLUSIONS 156
References 157
13 Genetic Risk Factors for Substance Use During Adolescence 159
INTRODUCTION 159
GENETIC METHODS AND THE LITERATURE 160
ABNORMAL GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING USE OF SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES 160
GENETICALLY CHARACTERIZED PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS OR CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT RISK OF USE 162
CANDIDATE GENES FOR SUBSTANCE USE RISK IN ADOLESCENTS 162
GENE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS THAT AFFECT RISK OF USE 163
CONCLUSION 164
References 164
14 Familial and Other Social Risk Factors in Adolescent Substance Use 167
INTERACTION OF ADOLESCENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE 167
THE EXAMPLE OF EARLY ALCOHOL INITIATION AND LATER DEPENDENCE 168
PEER FACTORS 168
FAMILY FACTORS 168
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERIENCES 170
COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL FACTORS 171
CONCLUSION 172
References 172
15 Externalizing Disorders 174
INTRODUCTION 174
COMORBIDITY 174
EMPIRICAL DATA ON ADHD AND SUBSTANCE USE RISK 175
EMPIRICAL DATA ON CONDUCT DISORDER/OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER AND SUBSTANCE USE RISK 177
EXTERNALIZING DISORDERS AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 177
CONCLUSION 178
References 178
16 Internalizing Disorders Among Adolescents: A Risk for Subsequent Substance Use 181
SUDS AND MOOD DISORDERS AMONG ADOLESCENTS 182
SUDS AND ANXIETY DISORDERS AMONG ADOLESCENTS 183
SUDS AND EATING DISORDERS AMONG ADOLESCENTS 184
SUDS AND PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS 185
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 186
References 187
17 Risk due to Medical, Neurological, and Neurodevelopmental Conditions 190
INTRODUCTION 190
ASTHMA 191
SICKLE-CELL DISEASE 191
CYSTIC FIBROSIS 192
CANCER 192
DIABETES 193
JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 194
FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER/ FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME 194
CONCLUSION 194
References 194
SECTION FOUR: CLINICAL CONDITIONS 197
18 Adolescent Alcohol Use 199
INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY 199
INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL USE 200
SCREENING 203
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 204
BRIEF INTERVENTION 206
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 206
COMORBID DISORDERS 207
SUMMARY 207
References 207
19 Stimulants 210
INTRODUCTION 210
EPIDEMIOLOGY 210
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 212
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 214
ASSESSMENT 217
TREATMENT 218
SUMMARY 218
Acknowledgement 218
References 218
20 Cannabis Use Disorders 222
INTRODUCTION 222
TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS 222
EPIDEMIOLOGY 223
POTENTIAL HARMS ASSOCIATED WITH CANNABIS USE 223
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 224
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RELEVANT ASSESSMENT ISSUES 225
TREATMENT 227
SUMMARY POINTS 230
Acknowledgements 230
References 230
21 Hallucinogens and Related Compounds 233
INTRODUCTION 233
EPIDEMIOLOGY 235
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 236
CLINICAL VIGNETTES 236
ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT 238
SUMMARY POINTS 241
References 241
22 Opioids and Sedative-Hypnotics 243
OVERVIEW 243
OPIOIDS 243
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS 250
APPENDIX 22.1: CLINICAL OPIATE WITHDRAWAL SCALE 255
References 256
23 Nicotine Use Disorders 257
INTRODUCTION 257
EPIDEMIOLOGY 257
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 259
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 259
RELEVANT ASSESSMENT ISSUES 260
SUMMARY POINTS 264
References 264
24 Emerging Clinical Conditions 267
PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING 267
BINGE EATING DISORDER 273
OTHER EMERGING CLINICAL CONDITIONS 277
SUMMARY 280
References 280
SECTION FIVE: TREATMENT 285
25 Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes 287
INTRODUCTION 287
ADOLESCENT TREATMENT SYSTEM IN CALIFORNIA 287
ADOLESCENT TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN CALIFORNIA 288
DISCUSSION 288
CONCLUSION 289
References 289
26 Translating Evidence-Based Therapies into Outpatient Practice 291
INTRODUCTION 291
OUTCOMES 292
WORKING WITH ADOLESCENTS 292
WORKING WITH FAMILIES 296
RESOURCES AND REFERRALS 297
KNOWING WHEN TO CHANGE TREATMENT SETTINGS 298
TREATING AND SCREENING FOR COMORBID CONDITIONS 298
PROCEDURAL AND POLICY-BASED OFFICE INTERVENTIONS 299
CONCLUSION 300
References 301
27 Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 302
ALBERT ELLIS, THE FOUNDER OF REBT 302
THE ORIGINS AND CORE CONCEPTS OF RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY 302
THE ABCDE TECHNIQUE OF RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY 303
RECOGNIZING IRRATIONALITY 304
DISPUTING IRRATIONALITY 304
REBT IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 305
DISCUSSION 306
References 308
28 Relapse Prevention 309
MARLATT AND GORDON’S CONCEPTS 309
SELF-CONTROL VERSUS DISEASE MODELS 310
TREATMENT GOALS IN RELAPSE PREVENTION 310
TECHNIQUES IN RELAPSE PREVENTION 313
SLIPS VERSUS RELAPSES 313
DISCUSSION 313
References 314
29 Adolescent Intensive Outpatient Treatment 315
INTRODUCTION 315
DEFINITION 315
LEVEL OF CARE 315
SPECIFIC NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS 316
PROGRAM COMPONENTS 316
STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS 317
ADVANTAGES 317
CHALLENGES 318
THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES 318
LITERATURE 318
SELECTED INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT PROGRAM EXAMPLES 318
SUMMARY 319
References 319
30 Adolescent Behaviors Out of Control: An Introduction to Adolescent Residential Treatment 321
INTRODUCTION 321
ASSESSMENT AND ADOLESCENT PROBLEM BEHAVIOR 321
RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS 322
NATIONAL SURVEY STUDY: ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS 323
SPECIALIZED ADOLESCENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES 324
SUMMARY 324
References 324
31 Adolescent Group Treatments: Twelve-Step and Beyond 326
INTRODUCTION 326
HISTORY OF TWELVE-STEP GROUPS 326
ADOLESCENTS AND THE TWELVE-STEPS 327
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TWELVE-STEP MEETINGS 327
FACILITATED GROUP TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS 328
FACILITATED TWELVE-STEP GROUPS 328
MOTIVATIONAL ENHANCEMENT THERAPY AND CBT 328
SUMMARY 329
References 329
32 Psychopharmacology for the Addicted Adolescent 331
INTRODUCTION 331
MEDICATION APPROACHES 332
ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS 332
MEDICATIONS FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE 334
MEDICATIONS FOR OPIOID DEPENDENCE 335
STIMULANTS 337
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS 337
MARIJUANA 337
NON-SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS 337
CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR PRESCRIBING MEDICATIONS 338
CONCLUSIONS 339
Acknowledgements 339
References 339
33 What’s Old is New: Motivational Interviewing for Adolescents 341
INTRODUCTION 341
CONDITIONS IN WHICH MI HAS BEEN STUDIED 342
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT MI? 342
THE TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE 342
MODERATORS OF MI 342
HARM REDUCTION ASPECTS OF MI 342
PARAMETERS OF MI 343
CONCLUSION 344
APPENDIX 33.1: MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES 344
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 345
References 345
SECTION SIX: SPECIAL ISSUES IN ADOLESCENT ADDICTION 347
34 Substance Abuse Impact on Adolescent Brain Development 349
INTRODUCTION 349
ADOLESCENT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 350
STUDIES OF THE IMPACT OF SUBSTANCE USE 352
ANIMAL STUDIES 352
ALCOHOL 353
MARIJUANA 355
COMBINED USE OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA 356
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE USE 357
NICOTINE 357
References 358
35 Neuropsychological Effects of Substance Abuse in Adolescents 360
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SEQUELAE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN YOUTH 360
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 364
CONSIDERATIONS FOR NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN SUBSTANCE-ABUSING ADOLESCENTS 365
CONCLUSION 366
References 366
36 Trauma and Adolescent Addiction 370
PREVALENCE OF TRAUMA AND TRAUMA-RELATED DISORDERS AMONG ADOLESCENTS 370
PRESENTATION OF PTSD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 371
ASSESSMENT OF PTSD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 371
MEASURES 372
TREATMENT OF PTSD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 373
COMORBIDITY OF TRAUMA AND ADDICTIVE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS 375
TREATMENT OF COMORBID ADDICTIVE AND TRAUMA-RELATED DISORDERS 377
SUMMARY 378
References 378
37 Sexual Addiction and Hypersexual Behaviors in Adolescents 382
INTRODUCTION 382
NORMATIVE ADOLESCENT SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 383
SEXUAL ADDICTION AND HYPERSEXUAL DISORDER 385
DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 387
PRESENTATION 388
ASSESSMENT 390
TREATMENT 393
References 395
38 Sexting, Cybersex, and Internet Use: the Relationship Between Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Electronic Technologies 397
INTERNET USE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK AMONG ADOLESCENTS: WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE 398
SEXTING AND THE CELL PHONE: PREVALENCE, MEANING, AND CONSEQUENCES 402
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES 403
INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW 404
INTEGRATION AND SUMMARY 405
References 406
39 The Therapeutic Community for the Adolescent Substance Abuser 410
INTRODUCTION 410
THE THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODEL OF ADDICTION TREATMENT 411
THE MODIFIED TC APPROACH 413
THE ADOLESCENT-SPECIFIC MODIFIED TC 414
THE ADOLESCENT CLIENT PROFILE 419
SUMMARY 422
References 423
40 Treatment Issues for Youths with Substance Abuse in Juvenile Detention 425
PREVALENCE OF SUBSTANCE USE AMONG JUVENILE OFFENDERS 425
PREVALENCE OF JUVENILE DETAINEES WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS 425
TYPES OF SUBSTANCES USED 426
CO-OCCURRING CONDITIONS 427
RISK FACTORS FOR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS 427
SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN DETAINED YOUTHS 427
TREATMENT APPROACHES 430
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS 433
References 433
SECTION SEVEN: FORENSIC CONSIDERATIONS 437
41 Forensic Psychiatry for Adolescent Psychiatrists: An Introduction 439
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY AND THERAPEUTIC PSYCHIATRY 439
THE FOUR-STEP APPROACH TO FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY 440
A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE: ASSESSMENT OF AN ADOLESCENT’S COMPETENCE TO STAND TRIAL 441
CONCLUSION 442
References 442
42 Ethical Considerations in Adolescent Addiction 443
INTRODUCTION 443
CONFIDENTIALITY 444
CONFLICTING DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 445
EMPLOYMENT BY OR CONSULTATION TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES 446
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 446
INFORMED CONSENT 446
ETHICAL GUIDELINES 447
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES 448
ETHICAL CONCERNS 448
FORENSIC ETHICS 448
RESOLVING ETHICAL DILEMMAS 448
References 449
43 Informed Consent, Parental Consent, and the Right to Refuse Treatment 450
CONSENT 450
ADOLESCENTS AND THE RIGHT TO REFUSE TREATMENT 454
PARENTAL RIGHTS TO REFUSE MEDICAL TREATMENT 455
CHAPTER SUMMARY 456
SOME CLOSING THOUGHTS 457
References 457
44 Third Party Liability for Supplying Adolescents with Illegal Substances 458
THE SCENARIO 458
A CLINICIAN’S PRIMER ON LEGAL LIABILITY 459
“AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS WORTH A POUND OF CURE” 461
TOBACCO SALES TO MINORS 461
“THE LITTLEST GANGSTA:” STREET GANGS IN CONTEMPORARY CULTURE 462
COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMMING 463
CONCLUSION 464
References 464
45 Older Adolescents in Drug Court: Hammering the Revolving Door Shut 465
INTRODUCTION 465
ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION 465
ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OPTIONS 466
ROLE OF THE DRUG COURT JUDGE 471
COMPLIANCE AND FOLLOW-UP 473
HANDLING OF NON-US CITIZENS 475
OUTCOMES 475
CONCLUDING REMARKS 476
References 476
46 Confidentiality and Informed Consent Issues in Treatment for Adolescent Substance Abuse 477
CONFIDENTIALITY 477
INFORMED CONSENT 478
THE ADOLESCENT’S LEGAL STATUS 479
US STATE LAWS GOVERNING THE TREATMENT OF ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 479
FEDERAL LAWS GOVERNING THE TREATMENT OF ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 480
References 483
47 Saving Adolescents 484
EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 484
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY 485
ADDICTION MEDICINE 486
MORAL PHILOSOPHY 487
CONCLUSION 489
Acknowledgments 489
References 490
Index 491
"In conclusion, this book provides a useful overview of
the broad range of issues relevant to working with adolescent
addiction. It will be particularly helpful for psychiatrists and
other medical professionals who have little experience working with
this population by way of alerting them to treatment related issues
for consideration." (Early Intervention in
Psychiatry, 15 April 2014)
"This is an important resource for those in the field of
adolescent mental health. It is not overly weighted with medical
terminology, and the authors have done an excellent job of
providing information with the depth that clinicians will find
useful without being so clinical that the other intended readers
would be lost. They have done a thorough job of providing more than
just cursory information on the presentation, diagnosis, and
treatment of adolescents with substance abuse problems. Although
the issue of substance abuse is multifaceted, with many
physiological and environmental factors at play, the book does a
commendable job of organizing and outlining the evaluation and
treatment modalities of substance abuse in the adolescent
population." (Doody's, 11 October
2013)
"Nevertheless, this is the best compendium of evidence in
the round in this field and an excellent reference book."
(Addiction, 1 September 2013)
"The wealth of information is brought together by a consummate
clinician who cares profoundly for the young people who have come
to him - whether for court reports or treatment - and
who is determined to make a difference. The clinical eye that chose
the authors and edited the whole has provided just what politicians
as well as clinical and criminal justice practitioners are so often
calling for - an evidence base for appropriate action. It
should be widely read by those practitioners but also influence
policy and improve life prospects for many, many young people."
(From the Foreword by Pamela J. Taylor and John Gunn, 2012)
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 19.11.2012 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pädiatrie |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Suchtkrankheiten | |
| Schlagworte | Abuse • Addictions • Adolescent • adolescents • American • behaviorrelated • burden • causes • changes • Disease • Drug • Half • Health • illicit • Illness • Knowledge • Life • Medical Science • Medizin • Nearly • Physical • Problems • Professionals • Psychiatrie • Psychiatry • Psychologie • Psychology • sometime • Substance Misuse • substantial • Substanzmissbrauch • Sucht • Traditional • Way • Work |
| ISBN-13 | 9781118340882 / 9781118340882 |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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