Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers (eBook)

Unwitting Partners in Global Mental Health

Lise Bouchard, Mario Incayawar, Ronald Wintrob (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 1. Auflage
294 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-0-470-74106-1 (ISBN)

Infos

This exceptional book responds to the intense current interest in defining and understanding the contribution of traditional medical knowledge and the intervention techniques of traditional healers to national mental health services around the world.

• First book on traditional healing and transcultural psychiatry
  Delineates the knowledge and clinical skills of traditional healers from diverse cultural areas around the world
• Describes the clinical and social roles of traditional healers in their communities and the challenges of constructing national mental health programs that include traditional knowledge and healing techniques
• Assesses issues on efficacy and safety of traditional healers' interventions
• Includes contributions from leading scholars in this field from South Africa, India, New Zealand, Andorra, Canada, USA, Italy, and the Quichua and Sioux Lakota Nations of South and North America
• Theme of culture versus science: The psychiatrists discuss the effects of local culture upon mental health and consider the impact, benefit and incorporation of traditional healing as a tool for the clinical psychiatrist.
• Easy to use with case studies and vignettes throughout and a glossary to explain any technical terms
  
  Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Unwitting Partners in Global Mental Health is a valuable addition to the bookshelf of a wide array of mental health trainees, researchers and professionals interested in cultural psychiatry in general and the role of traditional healers around the world.

Mario Incayawar, recipient of the John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship 2006, is Director of 'Runajambi' - Institute for the Study of Quichua Culture and Health.

Ron Wintrob is President of the WPA Section on Transcultural Psychiatry.

Inhalt

Psychiatrists andTraditional Healers 3
Contents 7
Foreword by Raymond H. Prince 13
Foreword by Goffredo Bartocci 15
Salutation by Juan E. Mezzich 17
Preface 19
Contributors 21
1 Overview: Looking Toward the Future of Shared Knowledge and Healing Practices 27
1.1 Introductory Remarks 28
1.2 Complementary and Alternative Medicine 28
1.3 The US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 28
1.4 Botanicals, Biological Products and their Commercial Development 29
1.5 The Medical, Medicinal and Botanical Knowledge and the Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples 29
1.6 Supernatural Determinism, Faith Healing and Exorcism 30
1.7 Faith Healing 31
1.8 Curanderismo and Candomble 33
1.9 Toward the Integration of Medical and Traditional Healing Case Examples from the Americas
1.10 Concluding Comments 37
2 Legitimacy and Contextual Issues in Traditional Lakota Sioux Healing 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Definitions 41
2.3 Research on Indigenous Healing in the Americas 41
2.4 Traditional Lakota Sioux Healing 42
2.5 Renewed Interest in Traditional Medicine 42
2.6 Rephrasing a Typical Question 43
2.7 Issues with Legitimacy 44
2.8 Reimbursement for Traditional Healing Services in the United States: What are we Getting Ourselves into? 46
Conclusion 47
References 48
3 Doctor-Patient Relationship in Psychiatry: Traditional Approaches in India Versus Western Approaches 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Psychotherapy: Definitions and Common Concepts 52
3.3 Western Models of the Doctor-Patient Relationship 53
3.4 Traditional Models of the Doctor-Patient Relationship 54
3.5 Psycho-Cultural Variables Relevant to the Doctor-Patient Relationship 55
Conclusion 61
4 South American Indigenous Knowledge of Psychotropics 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Definitions 64
4.3 Three Indigenous Peoples’ Medicinal Plants: Quinine, Coca and Ayahuasca 65
4.4 Legal Issues 67
Conclusion 75
Notes 75
References 76
5 Psychiatric Case Identification Skills of Yachactaita (Quichua Healers of the Andes) 79
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 The Quichua People 80
5.3 Research Methods 81
5.4 Comparison of Quichua and Western Diagnosis 82
5.5 The Western Clinical Diagnosis 86
5.6 Diagnostic Ability of Yachactaitas 87
5.7 Traditional Healers’ Diagnostic Abilities in Other Societies 88
5.8 Clinical, Research and Health Policy Implications 88
Conclusion 89
Acknowledgment 90
References 90
6 A Western Psychiatrist among the Shuar People of Ecuador 93
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 The Shuar Culture 94
6.3 Shuar Hallucinogenic Use 95
6.4 The Survey 95
6.5 Previous Research in the Shuar Area 96
6.6 First Steps in the Shuar Territory: Collaborating as a Psychiatrist 97
6.7 Witchcraft and Disease 98
6.8 The Wishin (the Shuar Shaman) 98
6.9 The Natem Experience 100
Conclusion 102
References 102
7 The Awakening of Collaboration between Quichua Healers and Psychiatrists in the Andes 105
7.1 Introduction 105
7.2 Pervasive Social Exclusion 106
7.3 Health Disparities and Health Care Inequities 106
7.4 The Quichua Response: Jambihuasi 107
7.5 Going Further: The Foundation of Runajambi 114
Conclusion 116
Notes 116
References 117
8 Factors Associated with Use of Traditional Healers in American Indians and Alaska Natives 119
8.1 Introduction 120
8.2 How we Assessed Traditional Healer Use 120
8.3 Results – Scope of Traditional Healer Use 123
8.4 Discussion 126
Acknowledgments 131
References 131
9 Re-Kindling the Fire – Healing Historical Trauma in Native American Prison Inmates 133
9.1 Imprisonment and My Life as a Spiritual Advisor 133
9.2 A Snaphot of Life in an American Prison 134
9.3 Holocaust of Aboriginal Native American Peoples 135
9.4 Native Americans in the Oregon State Prison System 136
9.5 Historical Trauma and Traditional Native American Methods of Healing 138
9.6 Native American Healing Programs Within the Oregon Department of Corrections 141
9.7 Dignity, Identity and Redemption 143
9.8 Personal Comments from Inmates 145
References 146
10 American Indian Healers and Psychiatrists 149
10.1 Introduction 149
10.2 American Indian Veterans, Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Background 151
10.3 American Indian Veterans, Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Southwest Tribes 151
10.4 American Indian Veterans, Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Northern Plains Tribe 153
10.5 Discussion 155
Note 158
References 158
11 Mental Health in Contemporary China 161
11.1 The Medical Care System and Mental Health Services in China 162
11.2 Difficulties Facing Mental Health Professionals 163
11.3 Help-Seeking Behaviors of Chinese Patients 164
11.4 Distinguishing Among Types of ‘Traditional Chinese Medicine’ 167
11.5 Psychotherapeutic and Communicative Aspects of TCM 168
11.6 Folk Healers in China 171
Conclusions 172
Acknowledgments 173
References 174
12 Health-Seeking Behavior for Psychiatric Disorders in North India 175
12.1 Introduction 175
12.2 Orientation to the Temples and the Healing Tradition 176
12.3 The Network of Healers in Balaji 178
12.4 Background and Help-Seeking Pathways of Patients 179
12.5 On Symptoms and Diagnoses of Patients from Two Perspectives 182
12.6 Three Accounts of Help-Seeking 184
12.7 Summing up for Future Research 187
Notes 189
References 190
13 Anxiety, Acceptance and Japanese Healing 193
13.1 Introduction 193
13.2 Japanese Psychology 194
13.3 Japanese Anxiety 195
13.4 The Religious Climate of Japan 196
13.5 Local Treatment (Morita Therapy) 198
13.6 Coexistence with Traditional Healers 199
13.7 Healing and Salvation 202
Acknowledgment 203
Note 203
References 203
14 Dissatisfied Seekers: Efficacy in Traditional Healing of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Bali 205
14.1 Introduction 205
14.2 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Tourette’s Syndrome 206
14.3 Traditional Healing of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Meaning and the Issue of Efficacy 207
14.4 Introduction to Balinese Traditional Healing Systems 209
14.5 Broad Philosophical Organizing Features of Balinese Healing 210
14.6 Does the Meaning Making of Traditional Healing Play a Role in Reducing Symptoms and Suffering in Neuropsychiatric Disorders? 216
Conclusion 219
Notes 219
References 220
15 Islamic Religious and Traditional Healers’ Contributions to Mental Health and Well-being 223
15.1 Introduction 223
15.2 Mental Health and Moslem Identity 224
15.3 The Islamic Religion in Everyday Mental Life 225
15.4 Islamic Self-Help Therapy by Prayer 225
15.5 Islamic Religion as a Background Yardstick in Mental Health 226
15.6 The Relationship Between Psychiatrists and Religious Healers 227
15.7 Traditional Healing Practices in the Islamic World 228
Conclusion 230
References 231
16 Bringing Together Indigenous and Western Medicine in South Africa: A University Initiative 233
16.1 Introduction 234
16.2 The Inception of Western Medical Systems 234
16.3 Prospects for a New African Health Care System 236
16.4 The African Health Care System 237
16.5 Objectives of the African Health Care System (AHCS) 237
16.6 Resources 238
16.7 Stakeholders 238
16.8 Networks 238
16.9 Work Plan 238
16.10 Challenges 239
Conclusion 239
References 239
Appendix 239
17 Globalization and Mental Health – Traditional Medicine in Pathways to Care in the United Kingdom 241
17.1 Introduction 241
17.2 Migration, Mental Health and Traditional Medicine 242
17.3 Traditional Medicine and Pathways to Mental Health Care 243
17.4 Complementary and Alternative Medicine – Relevance and Collaboration 249
Conclusion 251
References 252
18 Psychotherapy or Religious Healing? 255
18.1 Introduction 255
18.2 The Charismatic Theoretical Approach to Illness 256
18.3 Therapeutic Factors in Catholic Charismatic Religious Healing 258
18.4 Discussion 259
Notes 261
References 262
Bibliography 262
19 Maori Knowledge and Medical Science 263
19.1 Introduction 263
19.2 Traditional Healing in Contemporary New Zealand 264
19.3 The Structure of Maori Healing Process 266
19.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Science 267
19.5 Indigenous Healing and Biomedicine 268
19.6 Indigenous Healing Contributions to Global Mental Health 269
19.7 Exploring the Interface 271
19.8 Impacts 273
References 274
20 Future Partnerships in Global Mental Health – Foreseeing the Encounter of Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers 277
20.1 The Global Burden of Mental Illness 277
20.2 Needless Suffering 279
20.3 Medical Workforce Shortage and Allocation of Funds 279
20.4 Unveiling Traditional Healers’ Contributions 280
20.5 Foreseeing Future Partnerships 283
Acknowledgment 284
References 284
Index 287

Rezensionen

"This excellent book offers the reader a diversity of views to help them form their own opinion about the feasibility of such partnerships . . . this text is enlightening as to the development of guidelines for the treatment and management of a controversial condition, which presents a challenge to psychiatrists and society as a whole." (British Journal of Psychiatry, October 2010)

"The fact that the book tries to start to address the topic, mapping it, is already a remarkable feat. The book may well be one of the first ones addressing a topic that will have to become widely discussed very soon in order to provide a satisfactory answer to the contemporary health world demands." (Metapsychology, January 2010)

"What is so important about this volume is that it is written by psychiatrists for psychiatrists, with the imprimatur of the World Psychiatric Association." (PsycCRITIQUES, April 2010)

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.3.2009
• Reihe/Serie: World Psychiatric Association
• Mitarbeit: Gast Herausgeber: Goffredo Bartocci
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie
• Schlagworte: Anthropologie • Anthropology • Diversity, Culture & Ethnicity • Gesundheits- u. Sozialwesen • Health & Social Care • International Public Health • Kulturelle u. ethnische Vielfalt • Medical Science • Medizin • Psychiatrie • Psychologie • Psychology • Public Health / International • Social & Cultural Anthropology • Social Psychiatry • Soziale u. kulturelle Anthropologie • Sozialpsychiatrie
• ISBN-10: 0-470-74106-6 / 0470741066
• ISBN-13: 978-0-470-74106-1 / 9780470741061