Antihypertensive Agents

F. Gross (Herausgeber)

Buch | Softcover

XIV, 779 Seiten

2011
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-66311-6 (ISBN)

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Between 1950 and 1960, remarkable advances were made in the develQpment Qf antihypertensive drugs, but since then, prQgress has been less rapid. This dQes nQt mean that no. new drugs have been intrQduced: Qn the cQntrary, their number has increased sharply; but since the advent Qf the beta-adrenergic blQckers no. new pharmacQdynamic principle has been discQvered that CQuid be applied widely as an antihypertensive. This has nQt been fQr want Qf effQrts, because many attempts have been made to. find new ways and means Qf influencing blQQd pressure regulatiQn Qr the mechanisms invQlved in the pathQgenesis Qf hypertensiQn. HQwever, the results Qf these endeavQrs have mQstly been disapPQinting. Even thQugh high blQQd pressure can be treated mQre satisfactQrily tQday than many Qther diseases, the success achieved in cQmbating Qne Qf man's mQst frequent ailments shQuld nQt induce cQmplacency, but rather stimulate research tQwards further imprQvements. The present standstill affQrds an QPPQrtunity to. review the field Qf antihy pertensive agents, fQr it is unlikely that fundamentally new drugs will appear in the near future. AlthQugh greater knQwledge has been gained Qf the mechanisms Qf blQQd-pressure regulatiQn and Qf the pathQgenesis Qf hypertensiQn, these ad vances have had no. direct cQnsequences in the search fQr new therapeutics.

1 Antihypertensive Drugs.- I. Introduction.- II. Requirements for an Antihypertensive Agent.- III. Combinations of Antihypertensive Drugs.- IV. Trends in Antihypertensive Therapy.- V. National Preferences of Treatment Schemes.- VI. Experimental Hypertension.- References.- 2 The Chemistry of Antihypertensive Agents.- I. Early Antihypertensives.- II. Adrenergic Neuronal Blockers: Guanethidine and Similar Compounds.- A. SU 4029 and Guanethidine.- B. Modification of the Guanethidine Structure.- III. Rauwolfia Alkaloids.- IV. Ganglionic Blockers.- V. Clonidine, ST 155, 2-(2, 6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline and Analogs.- VI. The Chemistry of the Veratrum Alkaloids.- VII. Compounds Acting Directly on Vascular Smooth Muscles.- VIII. The ?-Adrenolytics (?-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents).- IX. Fusaric Acid.- References.- 3 Ganglion-Blocking Drugs in Antihypertensive Therapy.- I. Introduction.- II. Characteristics of Individual Drugs, Generic, and Brand Names, Routes of Administration, and Dosages.- A. General Remarks.- B. Quaternary Ganglionic Blockers.- C. Nonquaternary Ganglionic Blockers.- III. Pharmacokinetics.- A. Methonium Compounds.- B. Mecamylamine and Pempidine.- C. Other Drugs.- IV. Mode of Action.- A. Principles of Ganglionic Transmission.- B. Drug-Induced Ganglionic Blockade.- C. Nonselective Interference with Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Transmission.- D. Effects on the Cardiovascular System.- E. Tolerance to Antihypertensive Activity.- F. Pharmacologic Effects Unrelated to Ganglionic Blockade.- V. Side-Effects.- A. General Remarks.- B. Side-Effects Due to Blockade of the Autonomic Nervous System.- C. Side-Effects Unrelated to Ganglionic Blockade.- VI. Present Role of Ganglion-Blocking Drugs.- References.- 4 The Pharmacology of Rauwolfia Alkaloids.- I.Introduction and History.- II. Absorption, Metabolism, and Distribution of Reserpine.- III. Effects of Reserpine on Levels of Catecholamines and Serotonin in Tissues.- A. Sympathetically Innervated Tissues.- B. Tissue Chromaffin Cells.- C. Adrenal Medullary Amines.- D. Peripheral Serotonin.- E. Central Nervous System.- IV. Effects of Reserpine on Uptake, Storage, Synthesis and Catabolism of Catecholamines and Serotonin.- A. Effect of Reserpine on Uptake of Amines.- B. Effect of Reserpine on Amine Storage Mechanisms.- C. Effect of Reserpine on Retention of Amines by Isolated Storage Particles.- D. Effect of Reserpine on the Synthesis of Catecholamines and Serotonin.- E. Effect of Reserpine on Catabolism of Catecholamines and Serotonin.- F. Recovery of Amine Stores After Reserpine Treatment.- V. Effect of Reserpine on Other Neurotransmitters and Auracoids.- A. Acetylcholine.- B. Histamine.- C. Tryptamine.- VI. Effects of Reserpine on Function of Peripheral Tissues.- A. Effect of Reserpine on Adrenergic Mechanisms.- B. Effects of Reserpine on Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Function.- C. Reserpine-Induced Supersensitivity.- VII. Effects of Reserpine on Central Nervous Function.- A. The Sedative and Tranquillizing Activity of Reserpine.- B. Extrapyramidal Effects of Reserpine.- C. Effect of Reserpine on Body Temperature.- D. Electrical Activity of the Brain.- E. Effects of Reserpine on Reflexes and Centrally Maintained Autonomic Nervous Tone.- F. Recovery from the Central Actions of Reserpine.- G. Interaction Between Reserpine and Other Centrally Acting Drugs.- VIII. Endocrinological, Metabolic and Structural Effects of Reserpine.- A. Effects of Reserpine on Endocrine Systems.- B. Electrolyte Metabolism.- C. Tissue Metabolism.- D. Structural Effects.- References.- 5 Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Drugs.- I. Introduction to Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents.- A. General Pharmacology.- B. History of Development.- C. Therapeutic Use in Hypertension.- II. Distribution of Neurin Blocking Agents in Tissues Following Their Administration to Animals and Man.- III. Interactions of Neuron Blocking Agents with Adrenergic Neurons.- A. Retention by Adrenergic Neurons.- B. Mechanism of Uptak

Erscheint lt. Verlag	15.11.2011
Reihe/Serie	Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
Co-Autor	M. E. Conolly, J. Conway, D. Garrlen, R. Gaunt, F. Gross, H. Jurevics, O. Krayer, V. A. W. Kreye, J. B. Lüth, R. A. Maxwell, E. Meilman, J. C. Melby, J. A. Oates, C. C. Porter, B. N. C. Prichard, M. J. Rand, G. Schapel, E. Schlitter, H. Schmidt, D. G. Shand, C. A. Stone, M. L. Torchiana, W. B. Wastila
Zusatzinfo	XIV, 779 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	170 x 244 mm
Gewicht	1358 g
Themenwelt	Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Hämatologie
Themenwelt	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pharmazie ► PTA / PKA
Schlagworte	Acetylcholin • adverse reactions • Agents • Aldosteron • Antihypertonikum • Chemistry • Histamin • kidney • Metabolism • Neurotransmitter • Pharmacodynamics • Pharmacokinetics • pharmacology • Rauwolfia • Research • respiration • Serotonin
ISBN-10	3-642-66311-7 / 3642663117
ISBN-13	978-3-642-66311-6 / 9783642663116
Zustand	Neuware