Histidine Kinases in Signal Transduction (eBook)

Rinku Dutta, Masayori Inouye (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2002 | 1. Auflage
520 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053401-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Living cells are constantly sensing environmental changes, and their abilities to sense these changes and adapt to them are essential for their survival. In bacteria, histidine kinases are the major sensors for these environmental stresses, enabling cells to adapt to new growth conditions.

Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review on the structure and function of histidine kinases. It also provides extensive information on the physiological roles of histidine kinases in bacteria and eukaryotes.

An an essential reference for cell biologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and biochemists interested in signal transduction. Experimental biologists and pharmacologists studying signal transduction systems in living organisms will also find it a valuable research tool.

Key Features
* The first comprehensive book on the roles of histidine kinases in cells
* 23 in-depth chapters written by leading experts in the field
* Describes the most recent advances in the field of signal transduction

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Living cells are constantly sensing environmental changes, and their abilities to sense these changes and adapt to them are essential for their survival. In bacteria, histidine kinases are the major sensors for these environmental stresses, enabling cells to adapt to new growth conditions. Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review on the structure and function of histidine kinases. It also provides extensive information on the physiological roles of histidine kinases in bacteria and eukaryotes. An an essential reference for cell biologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and biochemists interested in signal transduction. Experimental biologists and pharmacologists studying signal transduction systems in living organisms will also find it a valuable research tool. The first comprehensive book on the roles of histidine kinases in cells 23 in-depth chapters written by leading experts in the field Describes the most recent advances in the field of signal transduction

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Histidine Kinases in Signal Transduction 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 14
Contributors 16
Chapter 1. Histidine Kinases: Introductory Remarks 20
Introduction 20
Basic Structure of Histidine Kinases (HKs) 22
Uniqueness of HKs 23
Difference between HKs and Ser/Thr/Tyr Kinases 24
Signal Transduction Mechanism 25
Regulation of Kinase and Phosphatase Activities: Switch Model and Rheostat Model 27
Concluding Remarks 27
References 28
Chapter 2. The Histidine Kinase Family: Structures of Essential Building Blocks 30
Introduction 31
Kinase/Phosphatase Core Domain 33
Phosphotransfer Domain 37
Considerations on Domain Interactions 40
Concluding Remarks 41
References 42
Chapter 3. Regulation of Porins in Escherichia coli by the Osmosensing Histidine Kinase/Phosphatase EnvZ 44
Introduction 46
Domain A Is the Catalytic Domain 47
Domain B Is the Catalysis-Assisting and ATP-Binding Domain 52
Monomeric Histidine Kinase: Topological Arrangement between Domain A and Domain B 55
Role of DNA in EnvZ Function 56
Stoichiometric Complex Formation between EnvZ and OmpR 57
Regulation of Kinase and Phosphatase Activities: Switch Model versus Rheostat Model 58
Mechanism of Osmoregulation 61
Concluding Remarks 62
References 63
Chapter 4. Structure and Function of CheA, the Histidine Kinase Central to Bacterial Chemotaxis 66
Introduction 67
Modular Structure of CheA 69
A Superfamily of Histidine Kinases and ATPases 71
Nucleotide Binding by CheA P4 and the GHL ATPases 73
ATP Hydrolysis and Conformation of P4 74
HPt Domain P1 and Phosphoryl Transfer 75
P2 Domain and Response Regulator Coupling 78
A Separate Dimerization Domain 80
Receptor Coupling by the P5 Regulatory Domain 81
Is Flexibility between Domains Important for Signaling? 83
Controlling Protein–Protein Interactions with ATP 85
Prospects for the Design of Antibiotics Directed at CheA 85
What Is Next? 86
References 87
Chapter 5. Transmembrane Signaling and the Regulation of Histidine Kinase Activity 92
Introduction 93
Membrane Receptor Kinases 93
Type I Histidine Kinase Receptors 101
Receptors with Several Membrane-Spanning Segments 104
Transmembrane Signaling in Bacterial Chemotaxis 106
Conclusions 127
References 128
Chapter 6. Structure-Function Relationships: Chemotaxis and Ethylene Receptors 142
Introduction 143
Chemotaxis and Chemoreceptors 143
The Ethylene Receptor 154
Chemoreceptors and Membrane-Bound Histidine Proteins Kinases 155
References 157
Chapter 7. New Insights into the Mechanism of the Kinase and Phosphatase Activities of Escherichia coli NRH (NtrB) and Their Regulation by the PII Protein 162
Introduction 163
Mechanism of NRII Autophosphorylation and Regulation of This Activity by PII 167
Regulation of the Transphosphorylation Activity of NRII by PII 170
Evidence for Conformational Alteration of NRII by PII Binding 171
Mapping the Interaction of PII with NRII 174
Mapping the Activities of NRII 177
Explaining the Activities of Mutant Forms of NRII 179
References 181
Chapter 8. Role of the Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer Domain (HPt) in the Multistep Phosphorelay through the Anaerobic Hybrid Sensor, ArcB 184
Introduction 185
HPt Domain 186
Structure and Function of Common HPt Domains 188
Multistep ArcB.ArcA Phosphorelay System in Escherichia coli Anaerobiosis 189
Advantage of Multistep Phosphorelay 191
Multisignaling Circuitry of the ArcB-+ArcA Phosphorelay 192
Phospho-HPt Phosphatase Is Involved in the ArcB.ArcA Signaling Circuitry 194
Physiological Role of SixA-Phosphatase in Response to Anaerobic Respiratory Conditions 195
Cross-Phosphorelay Occurs on OmpR through EnvZ Osmosensor and ArcB Anaerosensor 197
Atypical HPt Factor Is Involved in the Multistep RcsC.YojN.RcsB Phosphorelay 198
HPt Domains in Higher Plants 201
Concluding Remarks 203
References 203
Chapter 9. Genome-Wide Analysis of Escherichia coli Histidine Kinases 210
Introduction 211
Histidine Kinase Genes in the E. coli Genome 212
Versatility of E. coli Histidine Kinases 216
Deletion Analysis of Every Histidine Kinase Gene in the E. coli Genome 216
DNA Microarray Analysis of Histidine Kinases for Gene Regulation 217
References 219
Chapter 10. Signal Transmission and Specificity in the Sporulation Phosphorelay of Bacillus subtilis 222
Introduction 223
Structural Characterization of Phosphorelay Components 225
Interactions of the Response Regulator with the Phosphotransferase Domain 229
Conclusion 234
References 234
Chapter 11. Histidine Kinases: Extended Relationship with GHL ATPases 238
Introduction 239
Diverse Functions Supported by a Conserved ATP-Binding Site 241
Features of the ATP-Binding Site 245
Mechanistic Implications 250
Closing Remarks 253
References 253
Chapter 12. Response Regulator Proteins and Their Interactions with Histidine Protein Kinases 256
Introduction 257
Regulatory Domains 258
Effector Domains 266
Regulation of Response Regulatory Phosphorylation 271
Interactions of Response Regulators with Histidine Kinases and Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer Domains 275
Perspectives 280
References 281
Chapter 13. Cyanophytochromes, Bacteriophytochromes, and Plant Phytochromes: Light-Regulated Kinases Related to Bacterial Two-Component Regulators 292
Introduction to Phytochromes (Phys) 293
Phys as Proteins Kinases? 295
Discovery of Cyanophytochromes (CphPs) and Bacteriophytochromes (BphPs) 297
Photochemical Properties of CphPs and BphPs 298
Histidine Kinase Domains and Kinase Activity for CphPs and BphPs 302
Biological Functions of Prokaryotic Phys 305
Do Higher Plant Phys Function as Two-Component Histidine Kinases? 307
Functions of the Kinase Activity of Phys 308
BphP, CphP, and Phy Evolution 309
Conclusions 310
References 311
Chapter 14. Histidine Kinases in the Cyanobacterial Circadian System 316
Introduction 317
Cyanobacterial Circadian Rhythms 318
Molecular Genetics of Cyanobacterial Circadian System: Kai Genes 319
SasA, a KaiC-Binding Histidine Kinase as a Circadian Amplifier 321
CikA, a Bacteriophytochrome Family Histidine Kinase as a Circadian Photic Input Factor 324
Perspectives: Toward Further Understanding of His-to-Asp Signaling Pathways in the Circadian Network in Cyanobacteria 326
References 328
Chapter 15. Two-Component Control of Quorum Sensing in Gram-Negative Bacteria 332
Introduction 333
Quorum Sensing in Vibrio harveyi 335
Quorum Sensing in Myxococcus xanthus 345
Conclusions 355
References 355
Chapter 16. Intercellular Communication in Gram-Positive Bacteria Depends on Peptide Pheromones and Their Histidine Kinase Receptors 360
Introduction 361
Intercellular Communication by Unmodified Peptides 362
Intercellular Communication by Modified Peptides 366
Bacteria Speak Different Languages 369
Peptide Pheromones Depend on Histidine Kinase Receptors 371
The HPK10 Subfamily of Histidine Kinases 373
References 378
Chapter 17. Initiation of Bacterial Killing by Two-Component Sensing of a "Death Peptide": Development of Antibiotic Tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae 384
Introduction 385
Cell Death and Signal Transduction 386
Summary and Perspectives 392
References 392
Chapter 18. Role of Multiple Sensor Kinases in Cell Cycle Progression and Differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus 396
Introduction 397
Temporal and Spatial Control of Cell Cycle Events 397
Levels of Developmental Regulation 398
Control of Differentiation by Cell Cycle Checkpoints 399
Two-Component Signal Transduction and Cell Cycle Regulation 399
Summary and Perspectives 410
References 412
Chapter 19. The Slnl-Ypdl-Sskl Multistep Phosphorelay System That Regulates an Osmosensing MAP Kinase Cascade in Yeast 416
Introduction 417
The Common Downstream Pathway 418
The SLN 1 Branch 422
The SHO 1 Branch 430
Concluding Remarks 433
References 434
Chapter 20. Histidine Kinases of Dictyostelium 440
Introduction 440
Eukaryotic Histidine Kinases 441
Dictyostelium Histidine Kinases 443
Phenotypic Analyses 447
Double Mutants 451
Structure and Function of DhkA 451
The Late Adenylyl Cyclase ACR 453
Summary and Perspectives 454
References 455
Chapter 21. Ethylene Perception in Arabidopsis by the ETR1 Receptor Family: Evaluating a Possible Role for Two-Component Signaling in Plant Ethylene Responses 458
Introduction 459
ETR1 Family Gene Structure and Biochemistry 461
Ethylene Sensor Domain 461
GAF-like Domain 465
Histidine Kinase-Coupled Receptor 465
Receiver Domain 467
Kinase Activity in the Cytosolic Portion of ETR1 467
Mutational Analysis of the Ethylene Pathway 468
Two-Component Signaling through MAPk Kinases in Saccharomyces cerevesiae and Arabidopsis 471
References 473
Chapter 22. Pathogenicity and Histidine Kinases: Approaches Toward the Development of a New Generation of Antibiotics 478
Introduction 479
Are Histidine Kinases Good Antibacterial Targets? 487
Alternatives to High Throughput Screens: Possibilities for Structure-Based Screening for Identification Histidine of Kinase Inhibitors 489
References 497
Chapter 23. Molecular Evolution of Histidine Kinases 502
Introduction 503
Domains of Histidine Kinases 505
Evolution of Histidine Kinases 514
Conclusion 522
References 523
Index 526

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.11.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zellbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053401-5 / 0080534015
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053401-5 / 9780080534015