International Review of Research in Mental Retardation (eBook)

Robert M. Hodapp (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2010 | 1. Auflage
350 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9780080922591 (ISBN)

Infos

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Volume 38 of the series offers chapters on ,autism intervention research, health, development and intellectual disabilities, perceptual-motor deficits in Down syndrome, and psychopathology in individuals with intellectual disabilities.

*Provides the most recent scholarly research in the study of mental retardation *A vast range of perspectives is offered, and many topics are covered *An excellent resource for academic researchers

Inhalt

Cover 1
Board of Associate Editors 3
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH INMENTAL RETARDATION 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Chapter 1 The Transition Out of High School and into Adulthood for Individuals with Autism and for Their Families 18
1. Introduction 19
2. Definitional Issues 21
3. Theories on the Transition to Adulthood: How Typical Development Can Inform the Study of Families of Adolescents and Young Adults with ASD 22
4. What do we know about the Transition to Adulthood for Individuals with ASD and for their Families? Review of the Extant Research 27
5. Directions for Future Research 41
6. Conclusions 45
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 2 Inclusive Health and People with Intellectual Disabilities 50
1. Introduction 51
2. Personal Development and Health 53
3. Health and Intellectual Disabilities: A Contextual Approach 57
4. Health Gain 63
5. Proposals for More Inclusiveness 75
REFERENCES 78
Chapter 3 Persevering in the Face of Hardship: Families of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities in the People’s Republic of China 86
1. Introduction 87
2. Background 87
3. Educational Systems 90
4. Chinese Families of Individuals with Disabilities 94
5. Conclusion 105
REFERENCES 106
Chapter 4 Families of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Vietnam: Emerging Themes 110
1. Introduction 111
2. Context of Disability-Family Studies in Vietnam 112
3. Major Themes Arising From Vietnamese Family Studies 116
4. Development of Psychometrically Valid Scales in a Vietnamese Population 127
5. Conclusion 132
REFERENCES 136
Chapter 5 Special Education and Social Services in Korea: Past, Present, and Future 142
1. Introduction 142
2. An Overview of Korea 143
3. The History of Special Education and Family Services 145
4. Current Status of Special Education and Family Services 148
5. Discussion and Future Directions 156
6. Conclusion 160
REFERENCES 161
Chapter 6 Perception, Cognition, and Action: New Perspectives on Down Syndrome 164
1. Introduction 165
2. Action and Object Recognition 166
3. Interpersonal Interactions 168
4. Imitation and Gestures 169
5. The Neurobiology of Down Syndrome: Implications for the Action, Perception, and Cognition Framework 172
6. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Perception, Cognition, and Action 174
7. Perception–Action Coupling in DS 175
8. The Influence of Action Experience on Perception and Cognition 177
9. Impact on Development and Intervention 179
10. Conclusion 182
Acknowledgments 183
REFERENCES 183
Chapter 7 Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A Literature Review 188
1. Introduction 189
2. Physical/Health-Related Issues 193
3. Social/Emotional/Behavioral Traits 197
4. Language/Communication/Cognitive Characteristics 198
5. Therapeutic Interventions for Individuals with ACC 202
6. Conclusion and Future Directions 204
REFERENCES 207
Chapter 8 Autism Intervention Research: From the Reviews to Implications for Practice 212
1. Introduction 213
2. Synthesizing the Reviews of Autism Treatments 214
3. UCLA’s Early Childhood Partial Hospitalization Program: A Pilot Study 231
4. Integrated Summary 250
Acknowledgments 251
REFERENCES 252
Chapter 9 Epidemiology of Mental Illness and Maladaptive Behavior in Intellectual Disabilities 256
1. Introduction 257
2. Intellectual Disability 258
3. Psychopathology in Intellectual Disability 258
4. Epidemiology 260
5. Risk Factors and Correlates 281
6. Conclusions 293
REFERENCES 297
Index 306
Contents of Previous Volumes 314

Textauszug

Preface

Robert M. Hodapp

Publisher Summary

This chapter reviews intervention approaches to young children with autism. Stephanny Freeman, Tanya Paparella, and Kelly Stickles make the case for more individualized approaches, using as a case example their own Early Child Partial Hospitalization Program (ECPHP) at UCLA. It also presents the next generation of intervention approaches, going beyond comprehensive or targeted treatments, intervention-or method-specific approaches to advance a more eclectic approach.

With this volume, Volume 38, I assume the job of general series editor of the International Review of Research in Mental Retardation. Ably edited since Volume 20 by Laraine Masters Glidden, the International Review has continued its role as the intellectual disability field’s most important, prestigious publication devoted to state-of-the-art research reviews. It is today stronger than at any time since its founding in 1966. Now is a great time to accept the editorial baton.

Although accepting any baton evokes visceral reactions from my track days many years ago, the baton metaphor also serves to highlight several field-related issues. At the first, most basic level, the passing of the editorial baton highlights continuity with the field’s past. For 43 years, the International Review has published the best of scientific work related to intellectual and developmental disabilities. Over 300 articles have been published in 37 volumes. Virtually every major worker in the intellectual disabilities field has published in its pages, under the direction of three series editors. These editors—Norman Ellis (Volumes 1–11; 1966–1982), Norman Bray (with Ellis for Volumes 12–14, separately for Volumes 15–19; 1984–1997), and Laraine Masters Glidden (Volumes 20–37; 1999–2009)—have carefully, tactfully run the good race. I am beholden to each of them for their record of achievement and for the high esteem in which the International Review is universally held.

Accepting the editorial baton also engenders thoughts of the future. Indeed, at various points over the past decade, researchers have questioned the viability of the research field that examines intellectual disabilities. As participants at the annual Gatlinburg or other conferences quickly notice, the field of research specifically devoted to intellectual disabilities is very small, with active researchers probably numbering no more than 300. Issues of tenuous grant support (Baumeister, 1997), an aging corps of researchers, and the need to train and nurture the next generation have all preoccupied researchers both old and new. As the title of a recent article asks, “Who will lead the mental retardation field in the year 2020?” (Havercamp, Tasse, Lunsky, & Garcin, 2003).

But as this and other International Review volumes illustrate, the future may not be quite so bleak. Over the past several decades, this small but hardy band of researchers has expanded the nature and scope of disability work. As noted below, this group has become increasingly international and, over time, larger in number. To this more established group, one can now add a growing cadre of younger researchers. These younger researchers, now knee-deep in balancing new jobs, marriages, children, courses, students, studies, grants, and tenure, are also opening areas that until now have received little attention.

Working together, then, the more established and younger researchers are expanding the boundaries of the field itself. Although many measures of such expansion are possible, one simple measure concerns the numbers of issues of established journals and the founding of new journals. As of 2005, the Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, the flagship journal of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities (IASSID), expanded from 8 to 12 issues each year and new journals have been founded that connect intellectual disabilities to policy-related research (Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, begun in 2004), origins and development of disorders (Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2008), psychopathology (Journal of Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 2008), and health (Disabilities and Health Journal, 2008). In becoming series editor, then, I am reminded of Norman Ellis’ (1966) declaration, in the Preface to the International Review’s first volume, that “Behavioral research pertaining to mental retardation has suddenly burgeoned. Indeed, it seems reasonable to speculate that more research has occurred in this field in the past 10 years than in all previous years” (p. vii).

So what, exactly, does Volume 38 portend? Although the easy answer is a little of everything, I prefer to characterize this issue as representing a continuum, from the latest expansions of more established areas to initial forays into unchartered territories. In a provocative expansion, Julie Lounds Taylor applies life span development theories to the many changes that families experience as their adolescents with disabilities transition into adulthood. Although transition has existed as a subfield within Special Education for decades, few studies exist on the families of these young adults, even as the transition from school-to-adult services is among the most important changes faced by these young adults and their families. Returning to Erikson and to attachment theory, Taylor explores the ways that understanding normative changes might help us to identify similarities and differences that occur in families when their adolescent with disabilities enters adulthood.

Similar expansions—the latest word on more established topics—can be seen as well in other contributions. In their review of intervention approaches to young children with autism, Stephanny Freeman, Tanya Paparella, and Kelly Stickles make the case for more individualized approaches, using as a case example their own Early Child Partial Hospitalization Program (ECPHP) at UCLA. In many ways, Freeman and colleagues are presenting the next generation of intervention approaches in this area, going beyond comprehensive or targeted treatments, intervention- or method-specific approaches to instead advance a more eclectic approach. Featuring their own type of response-to-treatment model, Freeman et al. individualize instruction based on each child’s most recent progress, correcting and changing as they go along. Their initial findings seem especially promising.

Other chapters also present the latest extension on more established topics. Naznin Virji-Babul and Dan Weeks go beyond the distinctions among cognition, perception, and action to join these three for children and adults with Down syndrome. Reviewing the latest in brain technology, Virji-Babul and Weeks present findings that may lead to more effective, tailored interventions for these individuals. So too does one see an intervention focus in Johannes Rojahn and Lisa Meyers’ update on dual diagnosis. As we increasingly appreciate that many individuals with intellectual disabilities have both intellectual impairments and psychiatric disorders, an entire subdiscipline—highlighted by Rojahn’s 2008 founding of the Journal of Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities—has now sprung up to address these issues.

If such articles can be considered the latest word on more established topics, so too does this volume include beginning forays into unchartered lands. At its most concrete, the term “unchartered lands” refers to such actual countries as China, Vietnam, and Korea. Presented by younger researchers who are creating a field of disability research where none existed, these three contributions highlight both the differences and similarities of the status of children with disabilities and their families within the context of each society. To choose but one example per chapter, Peishi Wang shows how China’s single-child policy affects children with disabilities, sibling and parent attitudes, and how children with disabilities are perceived in the society; Emily D’Antonio and Jin Shin how the after-effects of the Vietnam war continue to affect those with disabilities and their families; and Sun Young Ryu how the Korean history of schools has led to relatively advanced services for children with physical disabilities, even as services are more delayed for children with intellectual disabilities. Other examples could be cited as well, highlighting the ways in which the status of persons with disabilities is partly dependent on the specific country and culture.

At the same time, however, similarities also exist, both across these three countries and from these to other lands. In all countries, then, mothers of children with (vs. without) disabilities experience higher levels of stress, and issues of poverty and of rural versus urban living enter in. Difficulties in developing sufficient amounts of service (by trained personnel) seem common to all three countries, as is the universal problem in accessing and receiving such appropriate, high-level services by children (or adults) and their families. It is instructive to juxtapose those problems common to only one society and those that seem universal. If indeed 85% of all children with disabilities live outside of Western, industrialized countries—the countries in which most research has taken place on children with disabilities and their...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 3.6.2010
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Entwicklungspsychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Klinische Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Pädagogische Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• ISBN-13: 9780080922591 / 9780080922591