Remediation of Contaminated Environments (eBook)

S. Fesenko, G. Voigt (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2009 | 1. Auflage
496 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-091415-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This book summarises - amongst other things - what happened to the people and environment around Chernobyl (and other nuclear sites) and what measures need to be taken in future in the event of nuclear accidents etc plus it has a very important and currently topical use in detailing what to do in the event of a terrorist dirty bomb attack on a city.

* Remediation, including characterization of contaminated sites; safety requirements; remediation planning; effectiveness of individual measures in different environments; social, ethical and economic considerations; application of modern decision aiding technologies
* Applicable to different categories of contaminated environments and contaminants, comprising areas contaminated by radiation accidents and incidents, nuclear weapon tests, natural radionuclides associated with nuclear fuel cycle, fossil material mining and gas and oil production
* Associated side effects (environmental and social) and human based remediation measures, comprising perception of this activity by the population; with particular regard to stakeholders and population involvement in making decisions on environmental safety and remediation of contaminated sites

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Remediation of Contaminated Environments summarises - amongst other things - what happened to the people and environment around Chernobyl (and other nuclear sites) and what measures need to be taken in future in the event of nuclear accidents etc. plus it has a very important and currently topical use in detailing what to do in the event of a terrorist dirty bomb attack on a city. - Remediation, including characterization of contaminated sites; safety requirements; remediation planning; effectiveness of individual measures in different environments; social, ethical and economic considerations; application of modern decision aiding technologies- Applicable to different categories of contaminated environments and contaminants, comprising areas contaminated by radiation accidents and incidents, nuclear weapon tests, natural radionuclides associated with nuclear fuel cycle, fossil material mining and gas and oil production- Associated side effects (environmental and social) and human based remediation measures, comprising perception of this activity by the population; with particular regard to stakeholders and population involvement in making decisions on environmental safety and remediation of contaminated sites

Inhalt

Front cover 1
Remediation of contaminated environments 4
Copyright page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Introduction 12
References 15
Chapter 1. International Approaches to Remediation of Territorial Radioactive Contamination 18
1. Introduction 19
2. Misunderstandings 19
3. Scenarios 22
4. The International Radiation Protection Paradigm 24
5. International Standards on Remediation 46
References 55
Chapter 2. Site Characterisation and Measurement Strategies for Remediation Purposes 58
1. The Role of Site Characterisation in Remediation of Contaminated Environments 59
2. Sources of Radionuclides in the Environment Determining a Need for Remediation 63
3. Site-Specific Factors Governing Remedial Actions 71
4. Radioecological Survey of Contaminated Sites before, during and after Remediation 81
5. Performing Field Measurements and Sampling 98
6. Sample Preparation and Laboratory Measurements 107
7. Safety 123
8. Post-Remediation Survey and Compliance Verification 123
9. Conclusion 125
References 126
Chapter 3. Decision-Aiding Tools for Remediation Strategies 138
1. Introduction 139
2. Justification and Optimisation of Remedial Measures on Contaminated Areas: The ALARA Principle 140
3. Application of the Decision-Aiding Technologies for Justification of Remediation Strategies in Different Environments 152
4. Review of Presently Available Decision Support Systems 170
5. Conclusion 188
References 189
Chapter 4. Remediation of Areas Contaminated after Radiation Accidents 194
1. The Main Features of Remediation after Radiation Accidents and Incidents 195
2. Radioactive Contamination of the Techa River (USSR - Russia) 200
3. The Radiation Accident at the ’Mayak’ Production Plant (the Kyshtym Accident) in the USSR in 1957 207
4. The Radiation Accident at Goiânia, Brazil 218
5. The Palomares Accident (Spain) 221
6. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident 222
References 236
Chapter 5. Remediation of Sites Contaminated by Nuclear Weapon Tests 240
1. Introduction 240
2. The Bikini and Enewetak Atolls in the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Tests Conducted by USA 241
3. Maralinga in Australia: Tests Conducted by the United Kingdom 260
Acknowledgement 274
References 274
Chapter 6. Remediation as Part of the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities 280
1. Introduction 281
2. Life Cycle Management 284
3. Long-Term Stewardship Issues 285
4. Reuse Options 286
5. Synergies Between Decommissioning and Remediation 288
6. Project Management 293
7. Residues Management 295
8. Quality Management 298
9. Practical Experience in Remediation and Site Reuse 299
10. Conclusions 356
References 357
Chapter 7. Remediation Planning of Uranium Mining and Milling Facilities: The Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant Complex in Ukraine 360
1. Introduction 360
2. Current Activities in and around the PChP Territory 364
3. Typical Patterns of Site Contamination 365
4. Preliminary Dose Assessment and Conclusions Based on Monitoring Data Analyses 367
5. Compliance with Radiation Safety Requirements 369
6. New Approach to a Remediation Strategy 371
References 372
Chapter 8. Principles and Technologies for Remediation of Uranium-Contaminated Environments 374
1. Environmental Uranium Contamination 375
2. Remedial Technologies for Uranium-Contaminated Environments 377
3. Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Environments 379
4. Conclusion 386
References 387
Chapter 9. Effectiveness of Remedial Techniques for Environments Contaminated by Artificial Radionuclides 392
1. Introduction 393
2. Influence of Release Scenario on Effectiveness of Remedial Measures 393
3. Different Remediation Needs: Options and Implications 401
4. Remediation in Contaminated Urban Ecosystems 410
5. Remediation in Contaminated Agricultural Ecosystems 420
6. Remediation in Contaminated Forest Ecosystems 426
7. Remediation in Contaminated Aquatic Ecosystems 432
References 437
Chapter 10. Social, Ethical, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Remediation 444
1. Introduction 445
2. Environmental Secondary Effects of Remediation 446
3. The Chernobyl Experience 449
4. Ethical Aspects of Remediation 456
5. Two-Way Communication and Information 462
6. Conclusions 464
References 465
Concluding Remarks 470
References 472
Author Index 474
Subject Index 484

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.6.2009
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Atom- / Kern- / Molekularphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 0-08-091415-2 / 0080914152
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-091415-2 / 9780080914152