The Handbook of Nanomedicine (eBook)

Kewal K. Jain (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2008
XXIII, 404 Seiten
Humana Press (Verlag)
978-1-60327-319-0 (ISBN)

Infos

This handbook covers the broad scope of nanomedicine. Starting with the basics, the subject is developed to potential clinical applications, many of which are still at an experimental stage. The book features extensive coverage of nanodiagnostics and nanopharmaceuticals, which are two important components of nanomedicine. Written by a physician-scientist author who blends his clinical experience and scientific expertise in new technologies, this book provides a definitive account of nanomedicine. It offers more up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of nanomedicine than any other comparable work.

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Nanomedicine is clinical medicine with the application of nanobiotechnology, which is currently being used to research the pathomechanism of disease, refine molecular diagnostics, and aid in the discovery, development and delivery of drugs. In The Handbook of Nanomedicine, Prof. Kewal K. Jain distills the voluminous literature relevant to the subject into one concise, comprehensive and easy-to-use guide. Beginning with the basics, the subject is developed to potential clinical applications, many of which are still at an experimental stage. Important components of nanomedicine such as nanodiagnostics and nanopharmaceuticals are covered extensively. As this text is aimed at nonmedical scientists, pharmaceutical personnel, as well as physicians, descriptions of the technology involved and other medical terminology are kept as clear and simple as possible. In depth and cutting-edge, The Handbook of Nanomedicine informs its readers of the ever-growing field of nanomedicine, destined to play a significant role in the future of healthcare.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 6
List of Figures 18
List of Tables 19
List of Abbreviations 20
1 Introduction 21
Nanomedicine 21
Basics of Nanobiotechnology in Relation to Nanomedicine 22
Relation of Nanobiotechnology to Nanomedicine 24
Landmarks in the Evolution of Nanomedicine 24
2 Nanotechnologies 26
Introduction 26
Classification of Nanobiotechnologies 26
Micro- and Nanoelectromechanical Systems 26
BioMEMS 28
Microarrays and Nanoarrays 28
Protein Nanoarrays 29
Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 29
Nanotechnology on a Chip 30
Use of Nanotechnology in Microfluidics 31
Visualization and Manipulation on Nanoscale Atomic Force Microscopy 33
Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy 34
Scanning Probe Microscopy 35
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy 35
Multiple Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy 36
Nanoparticle Characterization by HaloTMLM10 Technology 36
Nanoscale Scanning Electron Microscopy 37
Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens 39
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer 40
4Pi Microscope 40
Principle and Applications of Cantilevers 41
Surface Plasmon Resonance 41
Nanoparticles 43
Quantum Dots 43
Gold Nanoparticles 45
Silica Nanoparticles 45
Lipoparticles 46
Assembly of Nanoparticles into Micelles 46
Biomedical Applications of Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles 47
Paramagnetic and Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles 48
Fluorescent Nanoparticles 49
Bacterial Structures Relevant to Nanobiotechnology 49
Cubosomes 50
Dendrimers 51
DNAÒNanoparticle Conjugates 53
DNA Octahedron 54
Fullerenes 54
Nanoshells 55
Carbon Nanotubes 56
Nanopores 57
Nanostructured Silicon 58
Networks of Gold Nanoparticles and Bacteriophage 58
Nanotechnologies for Basic Research Relevant to Medicine NanoSystems Biology 59
Molecular Motors 60
Disguising Quantum Dots as Proteins for Cell Entry 64
Application of Nanolasers in Life Sciences 65
Nanogenomics 66
DNA Nanotechnology 66
RNA Nanotechnology 67
Role of Nanobiotechnology in Identifying Single- Nucleotide Polymorphisms 68
Clinical Nanoproteomics 68
Multiphoton Detection 69
Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography 69
High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry 69
Nanoproteomics for Study of Misfolded Proteins 70
Use of Nanotube Electronic Biosensor in Proteomics 70
Study of Protein Synthesis and Single-Molecule Processes 71
Nanofilter Array Chip 72
Study of Single-Membrane Proteins at Subnanometer Resolution 73
NanoparticleÒProtein Interactions 73
Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffold Technology for 3D Cell Culture 73
Nanobiotechnology for Study of Mitochondria 74
Nanomaterials for the Study of Mitochondria 75
Study of Mitochondria with Nanolaser Spectroscopy 75
Nanobiotechnology and Ion Channels 76
Aquaporin Water Channels 76
Nanotechnology and Bioinformatics 77
3D Nanomap of Synapse 78
Nanomanipulation 78
Nanomanipulation by Combination of AFM and Other Devices 79
Surgery on Living Cells Using AFM with Nanoneedles 79
Optoelectronic Tweezers 80
3 Nanomolecular Diagnostics 81
Introduction 81
Nanodiagnostics 82
Rationale of Nanotechnology for Molecular Diagnostics 82
Nanoarrays for Molecular Diagnostics 82
NanoProTM System 83
Nanofluidic/Nanoarray Devices to Detect a Single Molecule of DNA 84
Self-Assembling Protein Nanoarrays 85
Fullerene Photodetectors for Chemiluminescence Detection on Microfluidic Chips 86
Protein Microarray for Detection of Molecules with Nanoparticles 86
Protein Nanobiochip 86
Nanoparticles for Molecular Diagnostics Gold Nanoparticles 87
Quantum Dots for Molecular Diagnostics 88
Magnetic Nanoparticles 91
Use of Nanocrystals in Immunohistochemistry 94
Imaging Applications of Nanoparticles 94
Study of Chromosomes by Atomic Force Microscopy 99
Applications of Nanopore Technology for Molecular Diagnostics 99
DNAÒProtein and DNAÒNanoparticle Conjugates 100
Resonance Light Scattering Technology 101
DNA Nanomachines for Molecular Diagnostics 102
Nanobarcodes Technology 102
Nanobarcode Particle Technology for SNP Genotyping 103
Qdot Nanobarcode for Multiplexed Gene Expression Profiling 103
Biobarcode Assay for Proteins 104
Single-Molecule Barcoding System for DNA Analysis 105
Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric DNA Detection Method 106
SNP Genotyping with Gold Nanoparticle Probes 106
Nanoparticle-Based Up-Converting Phosphor Technology 107
Surface-Enhanced Resonant Raman Spectroscopy 107
Near-Infrared (NIR)-Emissive Polymersomes 108
Nanobiotechnology for Detection of Proteins 109
Captamers with Proximity Extension Assay for Proteins 109
Nanobiosensors 109
Cantilevers as Biosensors for Molecular Diagnostics 110
Carbon Nanotube Biosensors 113
FRET-Based DNA Nanosensors 115
Ion Channel Switch Biosensor Technology 115
Electronic Nanobiosensors 115
Electrochemical Nanobiosensors 116
Quartz Nanobalance Biosensors 117
Viral Nanosensors 117
PEBBLE Nanosensors 118
Microneedle-Mounted Biosensors 118
Optical Biosensors 118
Nanowire (NW) Biosensors 123
Nanoscale Erasable Biodetectors 125
Future Issues in the Development of Nanobiosensors 126
Applications of Nanodiagnostics 127
Nanotechnology for Detection of Biomarkers 127
Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles to Track Therapeutic Cells In Vivo 128
Monitoring of Implanted Neural Stem Cells Labeled with Nanoparticles 128
Nanobiotechnologies for Single-Molecule Detection 129
Protease-Activated Quantum Dot Probes 129
Nanotechnology for Point-of-Care Diagnostics 130
Nanodiagnostics for the Battle Field 132
Nanodiagnostics for Integrating Diagnostics with Therapeutics 132
Concluding Remarks About Nanodiagnostics 133
Future Prospects of Nanodiagnostics 134
4 Nanopharmaceuticals 136
Introduction 136
Nanobiotechnology for Drug Discovery 136
Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Discovery 137
Use of Quantum Dots for Drug Discovery 137
Nanolasers for Drug Discovery 137
Cells Targeting by Nanoparticles with Attached Small Molecules 138
Role of AFM for Study of Biomolecular Interactions for Drug Discovery 138
Nanoscale Devices for Drug Discovery 139
Nanotechnology Enables Drug Design at Cellular Level 140
Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Development Dendrimers as Drugs 140
Fullerenes as Drug Candidates 141
Nanobodies 142
Role of Nanobiotechnology in the Future of Drug Discovery 143
Nanobiotechnology in Drug Delivery 144
Nanoscale Delivery of Therapeutics 144
Nanobiotechnology Solutions to the Problems of Drug Delivery 144
Nanosuspension Formulations 145
Nanotechnology for Solubilization of Water-Insoluble Drugs 146
Improved Absorption of Drugs in Nanoparticulate Form 146
Ideal Properties of Material for Drug Delivery 146
Nanomaterials and Nanobiotechnologies Used for Drug Delivery 147
Viruses as Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery 148
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery 149
Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers 149
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 150
Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery 150
Dendrimers for Drug Delivery 151
Fullerene Conjugate for Intracellular Delivery of Peptides 152
Polymer Nanoparticles 152
Ceramic Nanoparticles 153
Nanocrystals 154
Nanoparticles Bound Together in Spherical Shapes 155
Encapsulating Water-Insoluble Drugs in Nanoparticles 156
Trojan Nanoparticles 157
Self-Assembling Nanoparticles for Intracellular Drug Delivery 158
Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates 158
Flash NanoPrecipitation 159
Nanoparticle Combinations for Drug Delivery 160
Liposomes 162
Liposomes Incorporating Fullerenes 163
Polymerized Liposomal Nanoparticle 163
Stabilization of Phospholipid Liposomes Using Nanoparticles 163
Applications of Lipid Nanoparticles 164
Liposome–Nanoparticle Hybrids 166
Nanospheres 166
Nanosphere Protein Cages 166
Nanovesicle Technology for Delivery of Peptides 166
Nanotubes 167
Lipid–protein Nanotubes for Drug Delivery 168
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery 168
Halloysite Nanotubes for Drug Delivery 169
Nanocochleates 170
Nanobiotechnology-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery 171
Delivery of Nanostructured Drugs from Transdermal Patches 171
NanoCyte Transdermal Drug Delivery System 172
Ethosomes for Transdermal Drug Delivery 172
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear 173
Pulmonary Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles 174
Nasal Drug Delivery Using Nanoparticles 174
Mucosal Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles 175
Future Prospects of Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery 175
Nanomolecular Valves for Controlled Drug Release 176
Nanomotors for Drug Delivery 176
5 Role of Nanotechnology in Biological Therapies 178
Introduction 178
Vaccination 178
Nanobiotechnology for Vaccine Delivery 178
Cell Therapy 180
Nanobiotechnology and Cell Transplantation 180
Nanobiotechnology in Stem Cell-Based Therapies 181
Gene Therapy 182
Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Therapy 182
Nanorod Gene Therapy 191
Nanomachines for Gene Delivery 191
Application of Pulsed Magnetic Field and Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles 191
Nanocomposites for Gene Therapy 192
Nonionic Polymeric Micelles for Oral Gene Delivery 192
Nanocarriers for Simultaneous Delivery of Anticancer Drugs and DNA 193
Antisense Therapy 193
Antisense Nanoparticles 194
Dendrimers for Antisense Drug Delivery 194
Polymethacrylate Nanoparticles for Antisense Delivery System 195
RNAInterference 195
Nanoparticle siRNA Delivery 195
Intravenous Targeted Nanoparticles Containing siRNA 196
Delivery of siRNA by Nanosize Liposomes 197
Quantum Dots to Monitor RNAi Delivery 197
6 Nanodevices for Medicine and Surgery 199
Nanodevices for Clinical Nanodiagnostics 199
Nanoendoscopy 199
Application of Nanotechnology in Radiology 200
High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Using Nanoparticles 201
Nanobiotechnology and Drug Delivery Devices 201
Coating of Implants by Ultrafine Layers of Polymers 201
Nanoencapsulation 202
Microcontainer Delivery Systems for Cell Therapy 203
Nanopore Membrane in Implantable Titanium Drug Delivery Device 204
Nanovalves for Drug Delivery 205
Nanochips for Drug Delivery 206
Tools for Nanosurgery 206
Nanotechnology for Hemostasis During Surgery 206
Catheters with Biosensors for Minimally Invasive Surgery 207
Nanoscale Laser Surgery 208
Nanorobotics for Surgery 208
7 Nano-Oncology 210
Introduction 210
Nanotechnology for Detection of Cancer 210
QDs for Cancer Diagnosis 211
Dendrimers for Sensing Cancer Cell Apoptosis 211
Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis 212
Nanotubes for Detection of Cancer Proteins 213
Nanoparticles for the Optical Imaging of Tumors 213
Nanolaser Spectroscopy for Detection of Cancer in Single Cells 214
Nanotechnology-Based Single-Molecule Assays for Cancer 214
Implanted Magnetic Sensing for Cancer 215
Nanowire Biochips for Early Detection of Cancer Biomarkers 215
Nanotechnology-Based Imaging for Management of Cancer 216
Nanoparticle-MRI for Tracking Dendritic Cells in Cancer Therapy 216
Nanoparticle-CT scan 216
QDs Aid Lymph Node Mapping in Cancer 217
Nanoparticles Designed for Dual-Mode Imaging of Cancer 218
Role of Nanoparticle-Based Imaging in Oncology Clinical Trials 218
Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy Nanoparticles for Targeting Tumors 219
Nanoshell-Based Cancer Therapy 220
Nanobody-Based Cancer Therapy 222
Nanobomb for Cancer 222
Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer 223
Nanoparticle Formulations for Drug Delivery in Cancer 223
Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Drugs into the Cancer Cells 235
Nanoparticle-Based Anticancer Drug Delivery to Overcome MDR 246
Devices for Nanotechnology-Based Cancer Therapy 247
Nanoparticles Combined with Physical Agents for Tumor Ablation 248
RNA Nanotechnology for Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics 253
Nanocarriers for Simultaneous Delivery of Multiple Anticancer Agents 254
Combination of Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Cancer Biomimetic Nanoparticles Targeted to Tumors 254
Dendrimer Nanoparticles for Targeting and Imaging Tumors 255
Gold Nanorods for Diagnosis plus Photothermal Therapy of Cancer 255
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Imaging as Well as Therapy of Cancer 256
pHLIP Nanotechnology for Detection and Targeted Therapy of Cancer 256
Targeted Therapy with Magnetic Nanomaterials Guided by Antibodies 257
Ultrasonic Tumor Imaging and Targeted Chemotherapy by Nanobubbles 257
Nanoparticles for Chemoradioprotection 258
Nanosensor Device as an Aid to Cancer Surgery 259
A Cancer-Killing Device Based on Nanotechnology 259
8 Nanoneurology 260
Introduction 260
Nanobiotechnology for Study of the Nervous System Nanowires for Monitoring Brain Activity 260
Nanoparticles and MRI for Macrophage Tracking in the CNS 261
Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery to the CNS 262
Nanoencapsulation for Delivery of Vitamin E for CNS Disorders 262
Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery Across BBB 262
Delivery Across BBB Using NanoDelTM Technology 263
NanoMed Technology to Mask BBB-Limiting Characteristics of Drugs 264
Nanotechnology-Based Devices and Implants for CNS 264
Nanoparticles and MRI for Tracking Stem Cell Therapy of CNS 265
Application of Nanotechnology for Neuroprotection 265
Fullerene-Based Neuroprotective Antioxidants 266
Ceria Nanoparticles as Neuroprotective Antioxidants 266
Application of Nanotechnology for Neuroregeneration 267
Nanotube–Neuron Electronic Interface 267
Photochemical Activation of Nanoparticle-Film Neuronal Interface 268
Nanoneurosurgery 269
Femtolaser Neurosurgery 269
Nanofibers as an Aid to CNS Regeneration by Neural Progenitor Cells 269
Nanofiber Brain Implants 270
Nanoparticles as an Aid to Neurosurgery 270
Nanoscaffold for CNS Repair 271
Nanoparticles for Repair of Spinal Cord Injury 272
Nanobiotechnology for Brain Tumor Management 273
9 Nanocardiology 276
Introduction 276
Nanotechnology-Based Diagnosis and Treatment Use of Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Disorders 276
Cardiac Monitoring in Sleep Apnea 277
Detection and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Arteries 277
Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases Nanolipoblockers for Atherosclerotic Arterial Plaques 278
Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Diseases Liposomal Nanodevices for Targeted Cardiovascular Drug Delivery 278
Antirestenosis Drugs Encapsulated in Biodegradable Nanoparticles 279
Nanocoated Drug-Eluting Stents 279
Nanopores to Enhance Compatibility of Drug-Eluting Stents 280
Low Molecular Weight Heparin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles 280
Injectable Peptide Nanofibers for Myocardial Ischemia 281
Nanotechnology Approach to the Vulnerable Plaque as Cause of Cardiac Arrest 281
IGF-1 Delivery by Nanofibers to Improve Cell Therapy for Myocardial Infarction 282
Tissue Engineering and Regeneration of the Cardiovascular System 282
Nanobiotechnology in Cardiovascular Surgery Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty 283
Nanotechnology-Based Personalized Cardiology 284
Monitoring for Disorders of Blood Coagulation 285
10 Nano-Orthopedics 286
Introduction Reducing Reaction to Orthopedic Implants 286
Enhancing the Activity of Bone Cells on the Surface of Orthopedic Implants 287
Nanobone Implants 287
Synthetic Nanomaterials as Bone Implants 288
Carbon Nanotubes as Scaffolds for Bone Growth 288
Aligning Nanotubes to Improve Artificial Joints 289
Cartilage Disorders of Knee Joint 290
11 Nanomicrobiology 292
Introduction 292
Nanobiotechnology and Virology Study of Interaction of Nanoparticles with Viruses 292
Study of Pathomechanism of Viral Diseases 293
Nanofiltration to Remove Viruses from Plasma Transfusion Products 293
Role of Nanobacteria in Human Diseases 294
Nanobacteria and Kidney Stone Formation 295
Nanobacteria in Cardiovascular Disease 295
Nanobiotechnology for Detection of Infectious Agents 296
Sensing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade for Detection of Bacteria 296
Viral Detection by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering 297
Detection of Single Virus Particles 297
Fluorescent QD Probes for Detection of Respiratory Viral Infections 298
Nanotechnology-Based Microbicidal Agents Nanoscale Bactericidal Powders 300
Nanotubes for Detection and Destruction of Bacteria 301
Carbon Nanotubes for Protection Against Anthrax Attack 302
Nanoemulsions as Microbicidal Agents 302
Silver Nanoparticle Coating as Prophylaxis Against Infection 303
Nanotechnology-Based Antiviral Agents Nanocoating for Antiviral Effect 304
Fullerenes as Antiviral Agents 304
Nanoviricides 305
Nanotechnology-Based Vaccines 307
Nanofiltration of Blood in Viral Diseases 308
Nanoparticles to Combat BiologicalWarfare Agents 308
12 Nano-Ophthalmology 310
Introduction 310
Nanocarriers for Ocular Drug Delivery 310
Nanoparticle-Based Topical Drug Application to the Eye 310
DNA Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Transfer to the Eye 313
Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutics for Eye Diseases Use of Dendrimers in Ophthalmology 313
Nanotechnology for Prevention of Neovascularization 314
Nanobiotechnology for Regeneration of the Optic Nerve 315
DNA Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy of Retinal Degenerative Disorders 315
Nanobiotechnology for Treatment of Glaucoma 315
13 Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering 317
Nanobiotechnology in Tissue Engineering 317
Three-Dimensional Nanofilament-Based Scaffolds 318
Electrospinning Technology for Bionanofabrication 319
Nanomaterials for Combining Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery 319
Nanobiotechnology for Organ Replacement and Assisted Function 320
Exosomes for Drug-Free Organ Transplants 320
Nanobiotechnology and Organ-Assisting Devices 321
Nanotechnology-Based Human Nephron Filter for Renal Failure 322
Blood-Compatible Membranes for Renal Dialysis 322
14 Miscellaneous Applications 324
Nanodermatology Nanotechnology- Based Products for Skin Disorders 324
Nanopulmonology 326
Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to the Lungs 326
Nanoparticle Drug Formulations for Spray Inhalation 327
In Vivo Lung Gene Transfer Using Compacted DNA Nanoparticles 327
Nanomedical Aspects of Oxidative Stress 328
Nanoparticle Antioxidants 328
Antioxidant Nanoparticles for Treating Diseases Due to Oxidative Stress 328
Nanogeriatrics 329
Nanoimmunology 329
Nanotechnology forWound Healing 330
Nanotechnology-Based Management of Diabetes Mellitus Nanosensors for Glucose Monitoring 331
Nanotechnology-Based Methods for Delivery of Antidiabetic Agents 332
Nanotechnology-Based Device for Insulin Delivery 332
Application of Nanotechnology to Pain Therapeutics 333
Nanodentistry 333
Bonding Materials 333
Dental Caries 334
Nanospheres for Dental Hypersensitivity 335
Nanomaterials for Dental Filling 335
Nanobiotechnology and Nutrition 336
Nanobiotechnology and Food Industry 336
Role of Nanobiotechnology in Personalized Nutrition 337
Nanobiotechnology for Public Health 337
Role of Nanobiotechnology in Biodefense 338
Nanosuspension Formulations for Treating Bioweapon- Mediated Diseases 338
Use of Antidotes as Nanoparticulate Formulations 338
Removal of Toxins from Blood 339
Blood Substitutes 340
15 Ethical, Safety, and Regulatory Issues of Nanomedicine 341
Introduction 341
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Nanomedicine 341
Nanoethics 342
Safety Concerns About Nanobiotechnology 343
Toxicity of Nanoparticles 343
Safety of Carbon Nanotubes in the Body 345
Fate of Nanoparticles in the Human Body 346
Pulmonary Effects of Nanoparticles 347
Blood Compatibility of Nanoparticles 348
Transfer of Nanoparticles from Mother to Fetus 349
Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles 350
Nanoparticle Deposits in the Brain 350
Measures to Reduce Toxicity of Nanoparticles 351
Concluding Remarks on Safety Issues of Nanoparticles 352
Research into Environmental Effects of Nanoparticles 352
Work at NanoSafety Laboratories Inc, UCLA 352
Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology 353
Efforts by Nanotechnology Companies to Establish Safety of Nanoparticles 354
Public Perceptions of the Safety of Nanotechnology 355
Evaluation of Consumer Exposure to Nanoscale Materials 356
FDA Regulation of Nanobiotechnology Products 357
FDA’s Nanotechnology Task Force 359
FDA Collaboration with Agencies/Organizations Relevant to Nanotechnology 360
Regulation of Nanotechnology in the European Union 361
UK Government Policy on Safety of Nanoparticles 362
Safety Recommendations of the Royal Society of UK 362
European Commission and Safety of Nanocosmetics 363
16 Worldwide Development and Commercialization of Nanomedicine 365
Introduction 365
Markets for Nanomedicine 365
Impact of Nanobiotechnology on Markets for Current Pharmaceuticals 365
Nanobiotechnology in the European Union 366
Nano2Life 367
European Technology Platform on Nanomedicine 368
Nanobiotechnology in Australia 369
Nanomedicine in the Developing World 369
Big Pharma and Nanomedicine 370
Drivers for the Development of Nanomedicine 370
Collaboration of Chemical Industry and the Government 371
Companies Using Nanotechnology for Healthcare 371
17 Research and Education in Nanomedicine 375
Introduction Education of Healthcare Professionals 375
Education of the Public 375
Nanobiotechnology Research in the Academic Centers 376
18 Future of Nanomedicine 381
Future Potential of Nanomedicine 381
US Federal Funding for Nanobiotechnology 381
Nanomedicine Initiative of NIH 382
NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer 383
Research in Cancer Nanotechnology Sponsored by the NCI 384
Global Enterprise for Micro-Mechanics and Molecular Medicine 387
Role of Nanobiotechnology in Personalized Medicine 388
Nanobiotechnology for Personalized Management of Cancer 388
References 389
Index 412

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.2.2008
• Zusatzinfo: XXIII, 404 p. 10 illus.
• Verlagsort: Totowa
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Medizintechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: Biotechnology • clinical medicine • Diagnostics • infectious disease • nanobiotechnology • Nanocar • Nanodiagnostics • nanoparticles • Nanopharmaceuticals • Nanosurgery • nanotechnology • Surgery • tissue • Tissue engineering
• ISBN-10: 1-60327-319-0 / 1603273190
• ISBN-13: 978-1-60327-319-0 / 9781603273190