Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices (eBook)

Dilip Kumar Choudhary, Indrasen Singh, Manoj Kumar Singh, Amit Kumar Jain (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2025
345 Seiten
Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)
978-1-394-27556-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices will equip you with essential insights into the transformative potential of RF and microwave technologies, crucial for driving innovation in communication systems, wearables, and advanced industries.

Microwave devices are an integral part of modern-day communication technology, present in everything from wireless internet connections to self-driving cars. This ever-evolving technology has the potential to revolutionize wearables, sensors, and 5G/6G networks. This volume explores the design and analysis of RF and microwave devices, including types of practical antenna design, antenna arrays, metasurfaces, and device-to-device communications. The innovative potential of microwave devices has the power to revolutionize everyday human life, providing more accurate and intuitive sensing to improve quality of life. Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices is a comprehensive guide to these ground-breaking technologies that introduces cutting-edge applications for integration with next-generation communication systems, the healthcare industry and Industry and Web 4.0.

Dilip Kumar Choudhary, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology. He has authored over 35 articles in international journals and conferences, one copyright, and two book chapters. His research interests include microwave filtering circuits, metamaterials, antennas, power dividers, and couplers for wireless communication.

Indrasen Singh, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology with over 15 years of teaching and research experience. He has published over 20 research papers in national and international journals and conferences of repute and serves as an editor for several journals. His research interests include cooperative communication, stochastic geometry, modeling of wireless networks, heterogeneous networks, millimeter wave communications, device-to-device communication, and 5G and 6G communication.

Manoj Kumar Singh is a senior project manager at Ericsson Global India Service Pvt. Ltd. in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India with over 16 years of professional experience. He has many notable industry certifications, including PMP^® and CSM^®, Enterprise Design Thinking from IBM, cloud computing, and GenAI project management. His experience has driven global project transformations and advancements in telecoms technology. His research interests include automation development using Python, Java, and AI and machine learning.

Amit Kumar Jain, PhD is a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Built Environment at Glasgow Caledonian University. He has published two books and over 20 papers in reputed academic journals and conferences in addition to serving as an industry consultant and reviewer for several international journals. His research interests include reliability, Industry 4.0, manufacturing analytics, and operations management.

Textauszug

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A Systematic Survey on Wearable Biomedical Sensors Using Flexible Microwaves Devices

Warisha Fatima1, Shailendra Kumar2, Mohd Javed Khan2* and Indrasen Singh3

1Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow, India

2Department of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow, India

3School of Electronics Engineering VIT, Vellore, TN, India

Abstract

Microwave devices play a vital role in medical sensors and imaging technology, offering non-invasive monitoring and diagnosis. The Internet of Things (IoT) framework is pivotal in healthcare, with radio frequency and microwave technologies enabling wireless sensory data transmission. Wireless power transmission is crucial for wearable, portable, and flexible sensors without bulky batteries. Electronic health (e-health) leverages digital and communication technologies to enhance healthcare delivery and outcomes. Wearable biomedical sensors revolutionize health maintenance, collecting physiological data for personalized insights, early detection, and continuous monitoring. These sensors encompass accelerometers, gyroscopes, heart rate monitors, skin temperature, electrocardiograms (ECG), and blood oxygen levels. They empower users with real-time health information, including blood glucose levels and heart rate patterns, benefiting those with cardiovascular diseases and the elderly through remote monitoring systems. Flexible materials like fabrics and polymers enhance sensor adaptability to body contours. Microwave devices enable non-invasive tissue characterization and tumor monitoring, offering insights into tumor features and dielectric properties. Ongoing research explores novel applications and technological advancements to enhance the functionality and adaptability of microwave-based wearable gadgets in healthcare and beyond.

Keywords: Wearable sensors, real-time monitoring, microwave devices

1.1 Introduction

Interest in wearable health monitoring devices has grown as a result of the quick development in wireless communications and physiological sensing technologies [1, 2]. Wearable sensors can be used for monitoring and diagnostic purposes. They are currently capable of motion detection in addition to physical and metabolic sensing. The extent of the issues that these advances could potentially aid with is difficult to overemphasize. Many people with neurological, cardiovascular, and pulmonary conditions, including seizures, hypertension, dysrhythmias, and asthma, may benefit from physiological monitoring for both diagnosis and continued care. Motion detection technology installed in a home may help reduce the risk of falls and maximize a person’s freedom and involvement in the community [3–7]. A potential new method of gathering physiological data without causing patients any inconvenience is through wearable wellness and physical activity monitoring devices [8–10]. Various operating techniques can be used by microwave sensor devices, depending on the needs of the particular application [11, 14]. Wearable microwave sensing devices work by probing biological tissues with electromagnetic waves to record complex physiological data with amazing accuracy and precision. This innovative method gets around several of the drawbacks of conventional monitoring approaches, including discomfort, obtrusiveness, and limited mobility. These sensors allow people to monitor their health continuously by blending in perfectly with regular clothing. This allows for early detection of abnormalities and proactive management of chronic illnesses [16–21]. These technologies include time-of-flight (ToF) approaches for accurate ranging, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar for distance measuring, and Doppler radar for motion detection [22–26]. Furthermore, developments in microwave technology have produced extremely selective and sensitive sensors that can pick up on minute alterations in the target’s characteristics [38, 39]. The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) [41], which typically consists of several tiny, portable, ultralow powers, effective biosensors, is an example of a recently developed health monitoring gadget. Through dedicated networks, wearable gadgets with sensors positioned throughout the body may communicate [29]. Figure 1.1 shows that the size of the worldwide market for wearable medical devices was estimated at USD 30 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach approximately USD 300 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.1% anticipated over the forecast period of 2023 to 2032 [48].

Figure 1.1 Wearable devices market in 2023-2030 in US dollars.

Source: Precedence Research.

This research attempts to shed light on the revolutionary potential of microwave wearable sensors in transforming healthcare monitoring and spurring the transition to proactive, individualized healthcare paradigms by combining views from a variety of diverse viewpoints.

1.2 Literature Survey

A literature survey on wearable biomedical sensors reveals a growing market in developing safer and more efficient methods for essential tasks. The development and uptake of these sensors have been driven by the rising incidence of chronic illnesses and the increased focus on preventative healthcare [34, 35, 37]. This study explores wearable biological sensors’ prospective uses, difficulties, and technological developments. Below, we provide a summary of key findings and insights from existing literature. In order to present an overview of cutting-edge technology and wearable devices intended for use in the electronic healthcare framework, the paper is divided into three sections, each of which covers one of these three subjects in detail. Systems for the indoor positioning are dealt with in subsection 1.2.1. Subsection 1.2.2 is concerned with the wearable sensors dealing in fall detection. Subsection 1.2.3 gives an overview of the microwave wearable sensing devices.

1.2.1 System for Indoor Positioning

Every application must have the ability to automatically identify items and people. RFID is remote object identification and localization technology that can be applied to patient monitoring. The domain of RFID and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has experienced substantial growth in the past few years [40, 42]. Presently, there is a tendency to incorporate state-of-the-art wireless technologies into everyday locations, converting them into Smart Spaces that encompass all relevant IoT technologies. RFID is extremely important because of its ability to remotely identify and distinguish objects and people, even in congested areas and electromagnetically challenging conditions, such as private residences or retirement communities. The idea behind this is that it’s getting more and more crucial to keep an eye on how senior citizens move and behave in order to spot any age-related conditions or issues early on (such as senile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease) [43]. The following section shows how such devices, by witnessing individuals as well as non-intrusively evaluating their patterns of behavior, can be used effectively to localize people in their daily lives. Many data points can be stored on an RFID chip and then sent to the cloud for additional processing [45, 47]. An antenna-like electronic circuit board and a microchip are integrated into tags, also known as RFID “transponders,” which are able to transmit radio signals that contain information, primarily the tag’s distinctive identification number [63]. According to how they obtain energy to react to an RFID reader, tags can be categorized as “passive” or “active,” depending on whether they’re equipped with their own source of electricity and frequently transmit their ID signal or if they only use the tiny energy that the reader emits and collects via a small antenna [49]. A few RFID tags are “semi-passive,” meaning they use tiny batteries and only send out signals when they detect a reader signal. A device called an indoor positioning system (IPS) makes it possible to track and locate people or items in limited spaces, usually buildings where GPS signals might not be available or dependable [50]. IPS uses a variety of techniques and tools to precisely pinpoint the location of an object or person. This final technology, as shown in Figure 1.2, foreshadows the use of multiple UWB receivers (also known as anchors), dispersed extensively throughout the testing room, and a substantial length of time for the analysis of the incoming data. The primary benefit is that it makes it possible to prevent the possible effects of fading and shadowing, which might happen at specific frequencies indoors. In order to analyze people’s movements and the relative heights of the tags, a suitable data processing unit was developed and used to estimate the distance of the tags from the reader in addition to the computation of the two angular positions that were previously displayed. The reader’s evaluation of the strength of the received signal indicators (RSSI) allowed this process to be completed. In this regard, Figure 1.2 describes a system where a wearable sensor gathers data, which is then sent to a smartphone. The smartphone forwards an alert to cloud computing for analysis, while also storing the data in a database for review, showcasing a streamlined process for real-time...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 17.6.2025
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: 5G • Antenna • Array • bandwidth • Beamforming • circular polarization • Cognitive Radio • Compact • Dielectric Resonator • gain • internet of things • Metamaterial • metasurfaces • Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) • sensors
• ISBN-10: 1-394-27556-0 / 1394275560
• ISBN-13: 978-1-394-27556-4 / 9781394275564