Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems (eBook)

Shih-Chii Liu, Tobi Delbruck, Giacomo Indiveri, Adrian Whatley, Rodney Douglas (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-92762-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities.  This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems.

Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence.

This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems.

Key features:

• Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering.
• Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles.
• Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.

Shih-Chii Liu is a group leader at the Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich. She received her Ph.D. in the Computation and Neural Systems program at Caltech. She has been an instructor and topic organizer at the NSF Telluride Neuromorphic Cognition Engineering Workshop in Telluride, Colorado since 1998. She has also co-authored a book on analog VLSI circuits (published by MIT Press), is an IEEE Senior member and has held offices in a number of scientific and IEEE engineering international conferences. Dr Liu has been working on event-based vision and auditory sensors, multi-neuron networks, and asynchronous circuits for more than 20 years.

Tobi Delbruck has been Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Institute of Neuroinformatics since 1998. He leads the Sensors group which focuses on neuromorphic sensors and processing. He received his Ph.D. in the Computation and Neural Systems program at Caltech. He worked on electronic imaging at Arithmos, Synaptics, National Semiconductor, and Foveon. He co-organized the Telluride Neuromorphic Cognition Engineering summer workshop and the live demonstration sessions at ISCAS and NIPS, and is former chair of the IEEE CAS Sensory Systems Technical Committee. He has been awarded 9 IEEE awards and is an IEEE Fellow.

Giacomo Indiveri is a Professor at the University of Zurich's Faculty of Science. He obtained his M.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering and his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Genoa, Italy. He is an ERC fellow and an IEEE Senior member. His research interests lie in the study of real and artificial neural processing systems, and in the hardware implementation of neuromorphic cognitive systems, using full custom analog and digital VLSI technology.

Adrian M. Whatley gained a degree in Chemistry at the University of Bristol in England in 1986. After working for 10 years in the British computer industry, he took up his current software engineering position at the Institute of Neuroinformatics where he works primarily on asynchronous Address-Event communication systems.

Rodney Douglas is a co-founder of the Institute of Neuroinformatics. His central research interest over the past 25 years has been the nature of computation by the circuits of the neocortex and their implementation both in software simulation, in custom electronic hardware. The experimental aspect of his work has inspired a number of cortical models of processing that use recurrently connected neuronal architectures. He is currently exploring principles of self-assembly in simple organisms and circuits which he considers crucial for building truly autonomous neuromorphic cognitive systems.

Textauszug

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

1D

one dimensional

2D

two dimensional

3D

three dimensional

ACA

analog computing arrays

ACK

acknowledge

A/D

analog–digital (converter)

ADC

analog–digital converter

AdEx

Adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire model

AE

address event

AEB

address-event bus

AER

address-event representation

AEX

AER extension board

AFGA

autozeroing floating-gate amplifier

AGC

automatic gain control

ALOHA

Not actually an abbreviation, ALOHA refers to a network media access protocol originally developed at the University of Hawaii

ANN

artificial neural network

ANNCORE

analog neural network core

API

Application Programming Interface

APS

active pixel sensor

AQC

automatic Q (quality factor) control

ARM

Acorn RISC Machine

ASIC

application-specific integrated circuit

ASIMO

Advanced Step in Innovative MObility (robot)

ASP

analog signal processor/processing

ATA

AT Attachment (also PATA: Parallel ATA); an interface standard for connecting mass storage devices (e.g., hard disks) in computers

ATIS

asynchronous time-based image sensor

ATLUM

Automatic Tape-collecting Lathe Ultra-Microtome

aVLSI

Analog very large scale integration

BB

bias buffer

BGA

ball grid array

BJT

bipolar junction transistor

BM

basilar membrane

BPF

band-pass filter

bps

bits per second

Bps

bytes per second

BSI

back-side illumination

C4

capacitively coupled current conveyor

CAB

computational analog block

CADSP

cooperative analog–digital signal processing

CAVIAR

Convolution AER Vision Architecture for Real-time

CCD

charge-coupled device

CCN

cooperative and competitive network

CCW

counter clockwise

CDS

correlated double sampling

CIS

CMOS image sensor

CLBT

compatible lateral bipolar transistor

CMI

current-mirror integrator

CMOS

complementary metal oxide semiconductor

CoP

center of pressure

CPG

central pattern generator

CPLD

complex programmable logic device

CPU

central processing unit

CSMA

carrier sense multiple access

CV

coefficient of variation

CW

clockwise

DAC

digital-to-analog converter

DAEB

domain address -event bus

DAVIS

Dynamic and Active-Pixel Vision Sensor

DC

direct current

DCT

discrete cosine transform

DDS

differential double sampling

DFA

deterministic finite automaton

DIY

do it yourself

DMA

direct memory access

DNC

digital network chip

DOF

degree(s) of freedom

DPE

dynamic parameter estimation

DPI

differential pair integrator

DPRAM

dual-ported RAM

DRAM

dynamic random access memory

DSP

digital signal processor/processing

DVS

dynamic vision sensor

EEPROM

electrically erasable programmable read only memory

EPSC

excitatory post-synaptic current

EPSP

excitatory post-synaptic potential

ESD

electrostatic discharge

ETH

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule

EU

European Union

FACETS

Fast Analog Computing with Emergent Transient States

FE

frame events

FET

field effect transistor

FET

also Future and Emerging Technologies

FG

floating gate

FIFO

First-In First-Out (memory)

fMRI

functional magnetic resonance imaging

FPAA

field-programmable analog array

FPGA

field-programmable gate array

FPN

fixed pattern noise

FPS

frames per second

FSI

front side illumination

FSM

finite state machine

FX2LP

A highly integrated USB 2.0 microcontroller from Cypress Semiconductor Corporation

GALS

globally asynchronous, locally synchronous

GB

gigabyte, 230 bytes

Gbps

gigabits per second

Geps

giga events per second

GPL

general public license

GPS

global positioning system

GPU

graphics processing unit

GUI

graphical user interface

HCO

half-center oscillator

HDL

Hardware Description Language

HEI

hot electron injection

HH

Hodgkin–Huxley

HiAER

hierarchical AER

HICANN

high input count analog neural network

HMAX

Hierarchical Model and X

HMM

Hidden Markov Model

HTML

Hyper-Text Markup Language

HW

hardware

HWR

half-wave rectifier

hWTA

hard winner-take-all

I&F

integrate-and-fire

IC

integrated circuit

IDC

insulation displacement connector

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IFAT

integrate-and-fire array transceiver

IHC

inner hair cell

IMS

intramuscular stimulation

IMU

inertial or intensity measurement unit

INCF

International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility

INE

Institute of Neuromorphic Engineering

I/O

input/output

IP

intellectual property

IPSC

inhibitory post-synaptic current

ISI

inter-spike interval

ISMS

intraspinal micro stimulation

ITD

interaural time difference

JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group

KB

kilobyte, 210 bytes

keps

kilo events per second

LAEB

local address-event bus

LFSR

linear feedback shift register

LIF

leaky integrate-and-fire

LLN

log-domain LPF neuron

LMS

least mean squares

LPF

low-pass filter

LSM

liquid-state machine

LTD

long-term depression

LTI

linear time-invariant

LTN

linear threshold neuron

LTP

long-term potentiation

LTU

linear threshold unit

LUT

look-up table

LVDS

low voltage differential signaling

MACs

multiplyand accumulate operations

MB

megabyte, 220 bytes

MEMs

microelectromechanical systems

Meps

mega events per second

MIM

metal insulator metal...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.12.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Theorie / Studium
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Circuit Theory & Design / VLSI / ULSI • Cochleas • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Event-based Neuromorphic systems • Event-based sensors • Intelligente Systeme u. Agenten • Intelligent Systems & Agents • Multi-neuron chips • Retinas • Robotics • Robotik • Schaltkreise - Theorie u. Entwurf / VLSI / ULSI • Schaltkreistechnik • synapses
• ISBN-10: 1-118-92762-1 / 1118927621
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-92762-5 / 9781118927625