Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge (eBook)

Proceedings of the Fifth Conference (TARK 1994)

Ronald Fagin (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
348 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-1453-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge contains the proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge (TARK 1994) held in Pacific Grove, California, on March 13-16, 1994. The conference provided a forum for discussing the theoretical aspects of reasoning about knowledge and tackled topics ranging from the logic of iterated belief revision and backwards forward induction to information acquisition from multi-agent resources, infinitely epistemic logic, and coherent belief revision in games. Comprised of 23 chapters, this book begins with a review of situation calculus and a solution to the frame problem, along with the use of a regression method for reasoning about the effect of actions. A novel programming language for high-level robotic control is described, along with a knowledge-based framework for belief change. Subsequent chapters deal with consistent belief reasoning in the presence of inconsistency; an epistemic logic of situations; an axiomatic approach to the logical omniscience problem; and an epistemic proof system for parallel processes. Inductive learning, knowledge asymmetries, and convention are also examined. This monograph will be of interest to both students and practitioners in the fields of artificial intelligence and computer science.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 4
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Knowledge, Action, and Ability in the Situation Calculus: Extended Abstract 8
References 10
Chapter 2. On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision 12
1 Introduction 12
2 Belief Revision 13
3 Minimizing Changes in Conditional Beliefs 15
4 Augmenting the AGM Postulates 16
5 The Soundness of Postulates (C1)–(C4) 20
6 Legitimate Changes in Conditional Beliefs 21
7 Future Work 22
Conclusion 23
Acknowledgments 23
A Concrete Examples 24
B Proofs 27
References 30
Chapter 3. Backwards Forward Induction 31
1 Introduction 31
2 An Example 34
3 The Theory 42
4 Towards a Complete Theory 48
References 49
Chapter 4. A Knowledge-Based Framework for Belief Change, Part I: Foundations 51
1 Introduction 51
2 Knowledge and plausibility 53
3 Knowledge and plausibility in multi-agent systems 60
4 Prior plausibilities 61
5 Conclusion 66
Acknowledgements 66
A Axiomatizing knowledge and plausibility 66
B Ranked plausibility spaces and nonstandard approaches to probability 68
References 69
Chapter 5. Information acquisition from multi-agent resources 72
1 Introduction 72
2 Combining information from multiple agents the triviality result
3 Logic of belief dependence 77
4 Information acquisition in a belief dependence framework 78
5 Almost safety 80
6 Almost Safety on Belief Maintenance Operation 81
7 Conclusions 85
References 86
Chapter 6. Consistent Belief Reasoning in the Presence of Inconsistency 87
Abstract 87
1 Introduction 87
2 The Basic Part of the Logic 89
3 The Semantics of Bc and B 90
4 Properties of Bc and B 92
5 A Complete Axiomatization 93
6 Applications 96
7 Conclusion 97
Appendix: the Proof of Soundness 97
References 99
Chapter 7. Infinitary Epistemic Logic 102
ABSTRACT 102
§1.Introduction 103
§2. Language, Axioms, Models 104
§3. Syntax versus Semantics 107
§4. Universal Partition Spaces 109
§5. Proofs of the Theorems 110
References 114
Chapter 8. An Epistemic Logic of Situations (Extended Abstract) 116
1 Common Knowledge 116
2 Three Grades of Epistemic Involvement 117
3 The Language and Semantics 119
4 The Logic 123
5 Metalogic 125
6 Adding Knowledge of Situations to the Logic 125
7 Conclusion 127
References 127
Chapter 9. Actual Truth, Possible Knowledge 129
1. Introduction 129
2. Paradox Regained 134
3. Paradox Lost- Two-Dimensional Framework 137
References 144
Chapter 10. Infinitely Many Resolutions of Hempel's Paradox 145
1 Introduction 146
2 Bayesian Preliminaries 146
3 Hempel's 
147 
4 Bayesian Analyses of the Paradox 148
5 Remarks 151
6 What Went Wrong with Hempel? 152
7 Conclusion 154
Notes 154
References 155
Chapter 11. Rationality in the Centipede 157
Abstract 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Prior Common Knowledge of Rationality 160
3 Conclusion 165
References 165
Chapter 12. Revising Knowledge: A Hierarchical Approach 167
Introduction 167
Problems with the standard model 168
An axiomatic derivation of knowledge from preferences 173
A hierarchical approach to preferences and knowledge 175
REFERENCES 180
Chapter 13. Case-Based Decision Theory and Knowledge Representation 182
1. What Is There to Know? 182
2. What Is Knowledge Representation Good For? 183
3. Similarity 184
4. An Overview of CBDT 185
5. Is This Knowledge? 187
References 188
Chapter 14. An Axiomatic Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem 189
1 Introduction 189
2 Framework for Analysis 191
3 The Agent's Logic 196
REFERENCES 202
Chapter 15. Autoepistemic Logic and Introspective Circumscription 204
1 Introduction 204
2 Review of Autoepistemic Logic 206
3 The Nonmodal Counterpart of an Autoepistemic Formula 207
4 Review of Introspective Circumscription 208
5 Main Theorem 209
6 Minimizing Circumscription 210
7 Proof of Main Theorem 211
Acknowledgements 213
References 213
Chapter 16. Knowledge as a Tool in Motion Planning under Uncertainty 215
1 Introduction 216
2 Termination Conditions in Motion Planning 218
3 Knowledge-Level Formalization 220
4 Optimal termination conditions 222
5 Optimal termination and knowledge-based programs 227
6 Conclusion and future work 229
Acknowledgement 230
References 230
Chapter 17. Common Knowledge and Update in Finite Environments. I (Extended Abstract) 232
1 Introduction 232
2 Definitions 234
3 Bounded Alternation Formulae 239
4 Asynchronous Environments 241
5 Compiling Knowledge Based Programs 244
6 Conclusion 246
References 247
Chapter 18. An Epistemic Proof System for Parallel Processes 250
1 Introduction 250
2 Syntax 251
3 Semantics 252
4 Syntax of Formulae 254
5 Semantics of Formulae 255
6 Reasoning about Programs 255
7 Proof System 256
8 Soundness 258
9 Completeness 259
10 Conclusion 260
References 260
Chapter 19. Algorithmic Knowledge 262
1 Introduction 263
2 Knowledge in multi-agent systems 264
3 Algorithmic knowledge 264
4 Examples 268
5 Conclusions 271
Acknowledgements 271
References 272
Chapter 20. Knowledge and the ordering of events in distributed systems Extended Abstract 274
ABSTRACT 274
1 Introduction 274
2 ACSAs 276
3 Knowledge Transition Systems 278
4 Forth and Back 283
5 Back and Forth 285
6 Discussion 287
7 Conclusion 289
References 290
Chapter 21. Inductive Learning, Knowledge Asymmetries and Convention 291
Introduction 291
§1. Convention as Correlated Equilibrium 292
§2. Dynamical Explanations of Conventions 297
§3. Deliberation With Knowledge Asymmetries 301
Acknowledgements 308
References 311
Chapter 22. Coherent Belief Revision in Games 312
I. Introduction 313
II 
318 
III. Examples 321
IV. Concluding remarks 326
References 327
Chapter 23. Belief Revision in a Changing World 328
Introduction 328
I. THE MONOTONIC FOUNDATION 330
II. NONMONOTONIC SUPERSTRUCTURE 332
III. DYNAMICS OF BELIEF 335
BIBLIOGRAPHY 341
AUTHOR INDEX 348

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-1453-2 / 1483214532
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-1453-5 / 9781483214535