Artificial Intelligence (eBook)

State of the Art Report 15:3

J R Ennals (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
300 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-5436-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Artificial Intelligence: State of the Art Report is a two-part report consisting of the invited papers and the analysis. The editor first gives an introduction to the invited papers before presenting each paper and the analysis, and then concludes with the list of references related to the study. The invited papers explore the various aspects of artificial intelligence. The analysis part assesses the major advances in artificial intelligence and provides a balanced analysis of the state of the art in this field. The Bibliography compiles the most important published material on the subject of artificial intelligence and includes all the materials cited in the invited paper and analysis references.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Artificial Intelligence: 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 8
Publisher's note 10
Introduction to the Invited Papers 12
Part 1: Invited Papers 26
Chapter 1. Pattern analysis—an opportunity for research and development 28
Pattern analysis—an opportunity for research and development 30
What is pattern analysis? 30
Research in pattern analysis 30
The next step 34
Chapter 2. Logic in artificial intelligence 36
Logic in artificial intelligence 38
Introduction 38
Reasoning about knowledge 38
Commonsense reasoning 41
Default reasoning and non-monotonic logics 45
Chapter 3. Knowledge representation 54
Knowledge representation 56
What do we want to get from knowledge representation? 56
Types of adequacy of representation 56
Other considerations 57
Major knowledge representation paradigms 58
Mixing the paradigms 59
Evaluating the approaches 60
Types of problem and their representation 60
Conclusion 62
Chapter 4. Knowledge elicitation 64
Knowledge elicitation 66
Introduction 66
Aspects of knowledge 66
Elicitation 70
Representation and communication 73
Conclusions 73
Chapter 5. Knowledge-based management systems and data processing 76
Knowledge-based management systems 78
Introduction 78
KBMSs: the requirements 78
The technological contribution of logic programming 79
KBMS architecture 83
KBMSs and the DP application backlog 85
Conclusions 86
Chapter 6. Advanced robotics and computer vision 90
Advanced robotics and computer vision 92
Introduction 92
National and international initiatives 93
Overview of, and developments in, advanced robotics 95
Overview of, and developments in, computer vision 99
Future trends and developments 100
Conclusions 100
Chapter 7. Artificial intelligence and education and training 102
Artificial intelligence and education and training 104
Introduction 104
AI and education: common concerns? 104
Relevant areas of AI research 106
AI and computer-based training 106
AI and traditional training 107
Acknowledgement 107
Chapter 8. Artificial intelligence applications 108
Artificial intelligence applications 110
Introduction 110
Defining AI 110
Applications 111
Future 117
Further reading 117
Chapter 9. Human and machine learning 120
Human and machine learning 122
Introduction 122
The psychology of machine learning 122
Applications to aiding human learning 127
Conclusions 132
Chapter 10. The changing shape of the mind 134
The changing shape of the mind 136
Introduction 136
'Brainstorms' 137
Concluding remarks 143
Acknowledgement 144
Invited Paper references 146
Part 2: Analysis 160
Chapter 1. Introduction 162
Introduction 164
Emerging agreement 164
Examining the successful use of AI 167
Contrasting and converging traditions in AI 168
The economics of AI 168
Institutional aspects of AI 168
Hardware, software and ideas 170
Problems in the management of research 170
Education and training in, and with, AI 170
Chapter 2. The objectives of artificial intelligence research 172
The objectives of artificial intelligence research 174
An information processing theory of intelligence 174
Tools to support human problem solving 174
Biological information processing 174
The concepts and activities of social sciences 174
Thinking about problems 175
An environment for philosophical thinking 176
Humanising computer science 178
Theory and practice: linguistic philosophy and learning 178
Fundamental research and applications development 180
The study of specific domains 180
Diversity in development 180
Emphasis on the human expert 181
Putting theory into practice 182
Academic scepticism 183
Chapter 3. Expert systems and other areas of artificial intelligence 184
Expert systems and other areas of artificial intelligence 186
The significance of expert systems 186
An emphasis on expertise 187
Simple advice 188
Academic derision 188
Modifying expectations 189
The limits for expert systems applications 190
Chapter 4.Logic, language and commonsense 194
Logic, language and commonsense 196
Uncovering the structure of natural language 196
Predicate logic as a universal language 196
Language and communication with computers 197
Logic and natural language processing 197
Logic and commonsense 198
Logic and computation 199
Logic, knowledge representation and belief systems 200
Chapter 5. Problem solving and building systems 202
Problem solving and building systems 204
Top-down, bottom-up and middle-out 204
Backward and forward reasoning 204
Declarative and procedural representation 204
'Neat' and 'scruffy' approaches 205
Hardware and software tools 206
Supporting the AI researcher 206
Chapter 6. New generation computing and collaboration 210
New generation computing and collaboration 212
Declarative systems and programming methodology 212
The Japanese integrated approach to new generation computing 213
AI and software engineering standards 214
Individual and collaborative research 215
Analysis references 220
Bibliography 226
An annotated bibliography of artificial intelligence 228
An annotated bibliography of artificial intelligence 230
Introduction 230
Bibliography and editor's comments 232
Useful journals 283
References sources 285
Index 288
Subject and contributor index 290

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-5436-X / 148315436X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-5436-7 / 9781483154367