Topics in Expert System Design (eBook)

Methodologies and Tools

G. Guida, C. Tasso (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
447 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9777-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Expert Systems are so far the most promising achievement of artificial intelligence research. Decision making, planning, design, control, supervision and diagnosis are areas where they are showing great potential. However, the establishment of expert system technology and its actual industrial impact are still limited by the lack of a sound, general and reliable design and construction methodology.This book has a dual purpose: to offer concrete guidelines and tools to the designers of expert systems, and to promote basic and applied research on methodologies and tools. It is a coordinated collection of papers from researchers in the USA and Europe, examining important and emerging topics, methodological advances and practical experience obtained in specific applications. Each paper includes a survey introduction, and a comprehensive bibliography is provided.

Inhalt

Front 
1 
Topics in Expert System Design: Methodologies and Tools 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 6
Part I: Life cycle 10
CHAPTER 1. BUILDING EXPERT SYSTEMS: FROM LIFE CYCLE TO DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY 12
1. Introduction 12
2. Literature proposals: a survey 13
3. Expert system life cycle: motivations and requirements 17
4. A life cycle for expert systems 21
5. From life cycle to development methodology 27
6. Conclusion 30
Acknowledgments 31
References 32
Part II: Domain evaluation 34
CHAPTER 2. CHOOSING AN EXPERT SYSTEM DOMAIN 36
1. INTRODUCTION 36
2. THE PROCESS OF DOMAIN EVALUATION AND SELECTION 37
3. DESIRED PROPERTIES OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM DOMAIN 38
4. UTILIZING THE DOMAIN SELECTION PROCESS 49
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 51
REFERENCES 51
Part III: Design techniques 54
CHAPTER 3. PROTOTYPING: TOOLS AND MOTIVATIONS 56
1 . INTRODUCTION 56
2. WHY PROTOTYPE 57
3. KNOWLEDGE CRAFT 61
4. RAPID PROTOTYPING METHODOLOGY 65
5. EXAMPLE 68
6. CONCLUSION 76
References 77
CHAPTER 4. FAST PROTOTYPING OF EXPERT SYSTEMS USING PROLOG 78
1. INTRODUCTION 78
2. IMPLEMENTING EXPERT SYSTEMS IN PROLOG 82
3. PROGRAMMING BASIC MECHANISMS OF RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS IN PROLOG 83
4 . IMPLEMENTING KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FORMALISMS IN PROLOG 89
5. CONCLUSIONS 93
REFERENCES 94
CHAPTER 5. FROM CLASSIC EXPERT SYSTEMS TO MODELS: INTRODUCTION TO A METHODOLOGY FOR BUILDING MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS 96
1. Abstract 96
2. Introduction 96
3. Motivation 98
4. Examples 100
5. Models and Model-Based Reasoning 107
6. Discussion: Model-Based Reasoning and Interfaces as an Extensions of Expert Systems 113
7. Conclusions 116
References 117
CHAPTER 6. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS: EXPERIENCE WITH ADVISE AND RELATED PROGRAMS 120
1. INTRODUCTION 120
2. MATCHING THE PROBLEM TO THE SOLUTION 121
3. LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT EXPERT SYSTEMS 122
4. INTEGRATED APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 124
5. MULTIPLE KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATIONS 127
6. Learning Capabilities 134
7. Problem Solving Using Multiple Representations 139
8. Experiments Using the Integrated Approach 141
9. Design of a Language for Integrated Knowledge-based Systems 144
10. Bringing It All Together – QUIN 148
REFERENCES 150
CHAPTER 7. KNOWLEDGE BASE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: FROM PROTOTYPING TO REFINEMENT 154
1. Introduction 154
2. Expert Problem Solving and Expert Systems 155
3. Rule-based Expert Systems 158
4. Selected Examples of Rule-based Expert Systems 159
5. Knowledge Acquisition and the Construction of Rule-based Systems 171
6. Phases of Knowledge Base Design and Construction 171
7. Expert System Evaluation and Knowledge Base Validation 183
8. Conclusions 184
References 185
Part IV: Development tools 188
CHAPTER 8. EXPERT SYSTEM BUILDING TOOLS 190
1. INTRODUCTION 190
2. SPIN-OFF TOOLS 192
3. KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LANGUAGES 195
4. TOOLKITS 199
5. PURPOSE BUILT SHELLS 201
6. SPECIAL PURPOSE TOOLKITS 205
7. LANGUAGE, SHELL OR TOOLKIT ? 206
8. THE FUTURE 208
REFERENCES 209
CHAPTER 9. EXPERT SYSTEM TOOL EVALUATION 214
1. Introduction 214
2. Background 215
3. The Tool Evaluation Framework 218
4. Methodology 232
5. Conclusions 236
REFERENCES 237
Part V: Knowledge acquisition and modeling 240
CHAPTER 10. COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS: AN APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEM DESIGN 242
1. INTRODUCTION 242
2. PITFALLS IN BUILDING INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 244
S. WHAT MAKES FOR GOOD ADVICE? LESSONS FROM HUMAN-HUMAN ADVISORY ENCOUNTERS 250
4. COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS 254
5. TACTICS FOR KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 259
6. CONCLUSIONS 267
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 268
REFERENCES 268
CHAPTER 11. MODELS OF EXPERTISE IN KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 274
1. The Knowledge Acquisition Problem 274
2. Overview of KADS 282
3. KADS Conceptual Modelling Language 283
4. Interpretation models and generic tasks 294
5. Experiences & Conclusions
CHAPTER 12. A METHODOLOGY AND TOOL FOR KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION IN KEATS-2 306
1. THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 306
2. ASTAGE-ORIENTED MODEL OF KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 307
3. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION AND IMPLEMENTATION: KEATS-1 315
4. ACQUIST 317
5. CONCLUSIONS 329
REFERENCES 330
CHAPTER 13. KNOWLEDGE-BASED KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION 332
1. INTRODUCTION 332
2. METHODS FOR KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION 335
3. INTERMEDIATE KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION LEVEL 343
4. USING ALREADY ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE 344
5. USING INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE FOR REFINEMENT AND SPECIALIZATION 345
6. RULE-GUIDED EMPLOYMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION METHODS THROUGH THE WATCHER 347
7. SUPPORTING KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION WITH A HYBRID ARCHITECTURE 349
8. EXAMPLES 351
9. COMPARING KRITON WITH OTHER ACQUISITION TOOLS 354
10. CONCLUSION 356
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 357
REFERENCES 357
Part VI: Validation and evaluation 360
CHAPTER 14. KNOWLEDGE BASE VERIFICATION 362
1 Introduction 362
2 Background 363
3 Checking for Potential Problems in the Knowledge Base 365
4 Other Knowledge Base Checking Tools 377
5 Conclusions 379
6 REFERENCES 380
A CHECKING ALGORITHMS 382
CHAPTER 15. EVALUATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS 386
1. INTRODUCTION 386
2. EVALUATION CRITERIA 392
3. PROBLEMS IN EXPERT SYSTEM EVALUATION 404
4. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY 411
5. CONCLUSIONS 421
REFERENCES 422
Part VII: Further reading 426
CHAPTER 16. BUILDING EXPERT SYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED BIBLIOGRAPHY 428
Introduction 428
A. Development methodology and life cycle 431
B. Choice of the domain and preliminary analysis 432
C. Development techniques 434
D. Development tools 436
E. Knowledge acquisition 437
P. Validation and evaluation 440
G. Project management 442
H. Technology transfer 443
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 446
AUTHOR INDEX 450

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.6.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9777-2 / 1483297772
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9777-4 / 9781483297774