Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (eBook)

M.G. Helander (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2014 | 1. Auflage
1202 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9513-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This Handbook is concerned with principles of human factors engineering for design of the human-computer interface. It has both academic and practical purposes; it summarizes the research and provides recommendations for how the information can be used by designers of computer systems. The articles are written primarily for the professional from another discipline who is seeking an understanding of human-computer interaction, and secondarily as a reference book for the professional in the area, and should particularly serve the following: computer scientists, human factors engineers, designers and design engineers, cognitive scientists and experimental psychologists, systems engineers, managers and executives working with systems development.The work consists of 52 chapters by 73 authors and is organized into seven sections. In the first section, the cognitive and information-processing aspects of HCI are summarized. The following group of papers deals with design principles for software and hardware. The third section is devoted to differences in performance between different users, and computer-aided training and principles for design of effective manuals. The next part presents important applications: text editors and systems for information retrieval, as well as issues in computer-aided engineering, drawing and design, and robotics. The fifth section introduces methods for designing the user interface. The following section examines those issues in the AI field that are currently of greatest interest to designers and human factors specialists, including such problems as natural language interface and methods for knowledge acquisition. The last section includes social aspects in computer usage, the impact on work organizations and work at home.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 18
EDITORIAL BOARD 6
CONTRIBUTORS 7
PREFACE 12
Part I: Models and Theories of Human-Computer Interaction 36
Chapter 1. Cognitive Systems Engineering 38
1.1 Introduction 38
1.2 What is Cognitive Engineering 40
1.3 The Cognitive System Triad 43
1.4 A Sample of Critical Issues in Cognitive Engineering 46
1.5 Towards Effective Decision Support 53
1.6 External Representations and Human Problem Solving 61
1.7 Summary 69
1.8 References 69
Chapter 2. Mental Models in Human-Computer Interaction 80
2.1 Abstract 80
2.2 Introduction 81
2.3 Models of What, Held by Whom? 81
2.4 Types of Representations of Users' Knowledge 82
2.5 How Users' Knowledge Affects Their Performance 89
2.6 Applying What we Know of the User's Knowledge to Practical Problems 91
2.7 Research Recommendations 94
2.8 References 96
Chapter 3. Interface Metaphors and User Interface Design 102
3.1 Introduction 102
3.2 Approaches to Metaphor 105
3.3 Designing with Metaphors 111
3.4 Conclusions 116
3.5 References 116
Chapter 4. Five Paradigms in the Psychology of Programming 122
4.1 Abstract 122
4.2 The Paradigms for Research 122
4.3 Individual Differences 123
4.4 Group Behavior 126
4.5 Organizational Behavior 128
4.6 Human Factors and Cognitive Ergonomics 129
4.7 Cognitive Science 132
4.8 Future Directions in Programming 136
4.9 References 137
Chapter 5. Software Comprehension 142
5.1 Introduction 142
5.2 A Review of Software Comprehension Models 142
5.3 An Integrative Model of Comprehension 143
5.4 Measures of Software Comprehensibility 144
5.5 Factors Influencing Software Comprehension 147
5.6 Implications for Software Development 153
5.7 Conclusions 154
5.8 References 154
Chapter 6. Direct Manipulation 158
6.1 Direct Manipulation 158
6.2 Design of Direct Manipulation Interfaces 162
6.3 References 167
Chapter 7. Towards a Practical GOMS Model Methodology for User Interface Design 170
7.1 Introduction 170
7.2 Overview of the GOMS Task Analysis Approach 172
7.3 General Issues in GOMS Task Analysis 176
7.4 A Procedure for Constructing a GOMS Model 178
7.5 Using a GOMS Task Analysis 186
7.6 Acknowledgements 191
7.7 References 191
Chapter 8. Task Allocation and Supervisory Control 194
8.1 Introduction 194
8.2 Ten Functions of the Human Supervisor 197
8.3 Human Supervisor Attention Allocation and Timing 202
8.4 Factors Which Limit our Ability to Model Supervisory Control Systems 205
8.5 Social Implications of Supervisory Control 205
8.6 Conclusions 207
8.7 References 207
Chapter 9. Information Technology and Work 210
9.1 Introduction 210
9.2 Different Approaches to the Study of Cognitive Systems 211
9.3 Design or Evaluation 214
9.4 A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Cognitive Functions 216
9.5 A Specific Example: Process Control 223
9.6 Disturbance Plants Control In Process 229
9.7 Concluding Remarks 235
9.8 References 235
Part II: User Interface Design 238
Chapter 10. Design of Menus 240
10.1 To Menu or Not to Menu 240
10.2 Designing a Single Menu Panel 244
10.3 Choosing a Selection Technique 251
10.4 Organization and Navigation Between Menu Panels 254
10.5 Author Notes 268
10.6 References 268
Chapter 11. Command Names 272
11.1 Introduction 272
11.2 Designing Namesets 273
11.3 Experimental Contributions 276
11.4 Using Research Knowledge in Design: Guidelines, Tools, and Models 284
11.5 Design Problems, Approaches, and Unexplored Topics 286
11.6 Acknowledgment 287
11.7 References 287
Chapter 12. Query Languages 292
12.1 Introduction 292
12.2 Basic Notions 293
12.3 Measuring Ease-Of-Use 295
12.4 Query Language Experiments 295
12.5 Improving Query Language Design 302
12.6 Models 305
12.7 Recent Trends 306
12.8 Implications For Design of Computer Systems 309
12.9 Some Research Directions 311
12.10 Acknowledgments 312
12.11 References 312
Chapter 13. Using Natural Language Interfaces 316
13.1 Introduction 316
13.2 Evaluation Issues 318
13.3 Evaluations of Prototype and Commercial Systems 319
13.4 Design Issues 324
13.5 Design Recommendations 331
13.6 Conclusion 332
13.7 Acknowledgments 333
13.8 References 333
Chapter 14. Systems Design for Automated Speech Recognition 336
14.1 Introduction 336
14.2 Speech Recognition Technology 337
14.3 Recognition Accuracy 339
14.4 Analysis of Task Composition 343
14.5 Speaking Patterns and Training 344
14.6 Task Analysis and Implementation of Voice I/O 346
14.7 Future Research Needs 347
14.8 Appendix: Glossary 349
14.9 References 350
Chapter 15. Applying Speech Synthesis to User Interfaces 356
15.1 Introduction 356
15.2 Advantages of Speech Output 357
15.3 Disadvantages of Speech Output 358
15.4 Talking Tutor: A Good Example of Using Voice Interface 359
15.5 Interaction of Application's Vocabulary Demands and the Type of Speech Used 360
15.6 Unrestricted Text-to-Speech Synthesis 361
15.7 Assesing the Quality of Synthetic Speech 372
15.8 Future Directions in Speech Synthesis 374
15.9 Acknowledgements 375
15.10 References 375
Chapter 16. Online Aiding for Human-Computer Interfaces 380
16.1 Abstract 380
16.2 Problems in Online Aiding 380
16.3 A Summary of Prototypical Online Aiding Dialogues 381
16.4 A Research and Design Framework for Online Aiding 388
16.5 Conclusions 396
16.6 Acknowledgments 397
16.7 References 397
Chapter 17. Graphic Challenges in Designing Object-oriented User Interfaces 400
17.1 Introduction 400
17.2 Object-Oriented Direct Manipulation and Enabling Technologies 400
17.3 Graphic Challanges 401
17.4 Illustrations 402
17.5 Symbolic and Analogic User Interfaces 407
17.6 Speculations 409
17.7 Acknowledgements 409
17.8 Notes on References 410
17.9 References 410
Chapter 18. Screen Design 412
18.1 Introduction 412
18.2 Screen Design Issues and Techniques 417
18.3 The Screen Design Process 439
18.4 Future Directions 441
18.5 References 442
Chapter 19. Taking Panes: Issues in the Design of Windowing Systems 448
19.1 Introduction 448
19.2 Characterizing Windowing Systems 454
19.3 Future Directions 467
19.4 Research Agenda and Conclusions 468
19.5 References 469
Chapter 20. Image Quality 472
20.1 Introduction 472
20.2 Theoretical Bases and Relevant Research 473
20.3 Applications to Computer System Display Design 493
20.4 Future Developments 504
20.5 Acknowledgements 507
20.6 References 507
Chapter 21. Keys and Keyboards 510
21.1 Introduction 510
21.2 Keyboard Layouts 511
21.3 Data-Entry Keypads 514
21.4 Physical Features of Keys and Key 
516 
21.5 Innovations in Keyboard Design 522
21.6 Summary 526
21.7 Acknowledgements 526
21.8 References 526
Chapter 22. Input Devices 530
22.1 Introduction 530
22.2 Design Considerations 531
22.3 Novel Input Techniques 543
22.4 Empirical Comparisons 546
22.5 Conclusion 549
22.6 References 551
Chapter 23. VDT Workstation Design 556
23.1 Introduction 556
23.2 A Problem With Many Interactions 557
23.3 Work Task 557
23.4 The Person 558
23.5 Positioning The Body Relative To The Computer 559
23.6 Body Postures 561
23.7 "Healthy" Body Postures 561
23.8 Experimental Studies 563
23.9 Sitting Postures and Workstation Design 566
23.10 Ergonomie Design of VDT Workstations 567
23.11 Summary 571
23.12 References 571
Part III: Individual Differences and Training 576
Chapter 24. Individual Differences In Human-Computer Interaction 578
24.1 Introduction 578
24.2 How Big are Individual Differences in Human-Computer Interaction? 579
24.3 What Predicts Differences in Performance? 587
24.4 Accommodating User Differences 593
24.5 Goals in Designing for User Differences 599
24.6 Acknowledgements 600
24.7 References 600
Chapter 25. From Novice to Expert 604
25.1 Introduction 604
25.2 Expert-Novice Differences in Problem Solving 605
25.3 Expert-Novice Programmer Differences in Syntactic Knowledge 607
25.4 Expert-Novice Programmer Differences in Semantic Knowledge 608
25.5 Expert-Novice Programmer Differences in Schematic Knowledge 610
25.6 Expert-Novice Programmer Differences in Strategic Knowledge 611
25.7 Conclusion 613
25.8 Acknowledgement 614
25.9 References 614
Chapter 26. Microcomputers and the Elderly 616
26.1 Introduction 616
26.2 Use of Computer Technology by Older Adults 617
26.3 Aging as a Process 620
26.4 Sensory Processes 621
26.5 Cognitive Functioning 625
26.6 Memory and Learning 628
26.7 Summary 630
26.8 References 630
Chapter 27. Computer-Based Instruction 634
27.1 Introduction 634
27.2 Computer Assisted Instruction 635
27.3 Computer Managed Instruction 642
27.4 Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction 644
27.5 Computer-Based Instruction Issues and Research 650
27.6 Summary 658
27.7 References 658
Chapter 28. Issues of Content and Presentation in Document Design 664
28.1 Introduction 664
28.2 Decisions about Content 667
28.3 Issues of Presentation 671
28.4 Iterative Design Processes 675
28.5 Will documentation always be needed? 680
28.6 References 682
Part IV: Applications of Computer Technology 688
Chapter 29. Text Editors 690
29.1 Text Editors 690
29.2 Varieties of Text Editors 691
29.3 Fundamental Issues 691
29.4 Command Language 693
29.5 Content 696
29.6 Appearance 699
29.7 Advanced Features 702
29.8 Evaluation 704
29.9 Conclusion 704
29.10 Acknowledgements 705
29.11 References 705
Chapter 30. Textual Information Retrieval 708
1.1 Introduction 708
30.2 Structured Databases 709
30.3 Bibliographic/Full-Text Information Retrieval 715
30.4 New Developments and Frontiers 722
30.5 The Future of Information Retrieval 729
30.6 References 729
Chapter 31. Cognitive Aspects of Computer Aided Design 736
31.1 Introduction 736
31.2 Computer Aided Design and its Applications 736
31.3 Design Engineering and Drawing Work 738
31.4 The CAD-User's System Interaction 738
31.5 What are the Advantages of CAD? 739
31.6 Some Cognitive Characteristics of CAD 740
31.7 The User's Mental Models 741
31.8 CAD and Problem Solving 741
31.9 Concluding Remarks 743
31.10 References 743
Chapter 32. Human-Computer Interaction in Architectural Design 744
32.1 Introduction 744
32.2 Architectural Design: Some Issues in Human-Computer Interaction 744
32.3 A Research Program 746
32.4 The Social and Organizational Implications of CAAD Systems 747
32.5 User Education and Training for CAAD Systems: The System Tutor 748
32.6 Advanced Interactive Systems for CAAD 749
32.7 The Design Interface, Design Modelling, and Design Cognition 754
32.8 Conclusion 759
32.9 Acknowledgment 759
32.10 References 759
Chapter 33. Human-Computer Interaction In Facilities Layout 764
33.1 Introduction to Facilities Layout Design 764
33.2 Modelling the Block Layout Problem 765
33.3 Human Versus Computer Methods 767
33.4 Human-Computer Interactive Methods 768
33.5 The Human-Computer Interactive System 770
33.6 References 770
Chapter 34. Robot Programming 772
34.1 Introduction 772
34.2 Programming Considerations 773
34.3 Human Factors Investigations 781
34.4 Desirable Research 785
34.5 Conclusion 787
34.6 References 788
Part V: Tools for Design and Evaluation 790
Chapter 35. How to Design Usable Systems 792
35.1 Introduction 792
35.2 Behavioral Principles of Design 794
35.3 Starting Points 812
35.4 User Interface Standards 814
35.5 Handbooks and Guidelines 815
35.6 Development Rules and Procedures 817
35.7 Formal Models for Design 818
35.8 Summary and Conclusions 819
35.9 Acknowledgements 819
35.10 Trademarks 820
35.11 References 820
Chapter 36. Usability Engineering: Our Experience and Evolution 826
36.1 Introduction 826
36.2 Part 1. Practical Experience in Usability Engineering 827
36.3 Part 2. Analysis of our Progress: The Need for Contextual Research 840
36.4 Part 3. Contextual Research: Exposition and Prospects 844
36.5 Summary 850
36.6 Acknowledgments 851
36.7 References 851
Chapter 37. Software Tools for User Interface Development 854
37.1 Introduction 854
37.2 The User Interface Management System Approach 858
37.3 Future Developments in User Interface Tools 864
37.4 Acknowledgement 865
37.5 References 866
Chapter 38. A Task Analytic Approach to Dialogue Design 870
38.1 Introduction 870
38.2 Traditional Task Analysis Methods 871
38.3 Operations Concept Definition 875
38-4 Computer-Human Interface/Task Analysis 882
38.5 Conclusions 891
38.6 References 891
Chapter 39. Rapid Prototyping for User Interface Design 894
39.1 Abstract 894
39.2 Interface Design As Tangible Speculation 895
39.3 How to Prototype 898
39.4 Classes of Prototyping Techniques 900
39.5 Rapid Prototyping and the User Interface Management System 900
39.6 Designers That Use or Need Prototyping Tools 901
39.7 Types of Prototyping Tools 901
39.8 Anatomy of a User Interface Rapid Prototyping Tool 902
39.9 Built-in Instrumentation of the User Interface 905
39.10 Automatic Evaluation Techniques for User Interface Design 906
39.11 Conclusions 908
39.12 References 908
Chapter 40. Standards Versus Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software 912
40.1 Abstract 912
40.2 User Interface Software 912
40.3 Design Standards 913
40.4 Hardware Versus Software 913
40.5 Standards Versus Guidelines, Rules and Algorithms 915
40.6 The Knowledge Base for Standards and Guidelines 919
40.7 Application of Design Guidelines 920
40.8 Adaptability or Anarchy? 922
40.9 Acknowledgment 922
40.10 References 923
Chapter 41. Software Evaluation Methodologies 926
41.1 Introduction 926
41.2 Theory-Based Evaluation 928
41.3 User-Based Evaluations 930
41.4 Surveys and Questionnaires 931
41.5 Verbal Reports 932
41.6 Controlled Experimental Studies 933
41.7 Task-Based Evaluations 934
41.8 Informal Design Review 935
41.9 Formal Design Analysis - GOMS 935
41.10 Production System Analysis 936
41.11 Summary 937
41.12 References 938
Chapter 42. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction 940
42.1 Introduction: For Whom and Why and What 940
42.2 Goals for Research in Human Computer Interaction 941
42.3 Special Problems of doing Research in Human-Computer Interaction 942
42.4 Research Designs and General Methodology 943
42.5 Measurement and Analysis 953
42.6 Conclusions and Summary 961
42.7 References 962
Part VI: Artificial Intelligence 964
Chapter 43. Human Factors Issues in Expert Systems 966
43.1 Introduction 966
43.2 What is an Expert System? 967
43.3 A User-Oriented Taxonomy of Expert Systems 967
43.4 Task Decomposition 968
43.5 Function Allocation 969
43.6 Design Philosophy 969
43.7 Summary 975
43.8 References 975
Chapter 44. Natural Language Interface Systems 976
44.1 Introduction 976
44.2 Syntax and Parsing 978
44.3 Semantic Interpretation 981
44.4 Semantic Transformations 984
44.5 The Ambiguity Problem 986
44.6 Discourse 987
44.7 Acknowledgements 987
44.8 References 987
Chapter 45. Human Factors in Knowledge Acquisition 992
45.1 Introduction 992
45.2 Building an Expert System 993
45.3 Specific Elicitation Techniques 995
45.4 Summary 1002
45.5 Acknowledgements 1002
45.6 References 1003
Chapter 46. Intelligent Interface Design 1004
46.1 Introduction 1005
46.2 The Evolution of the Interface 1005
46.3 The Concept of Intelligent Interfaces 1007
46.4 Intelligent Interface Models 1015
46.5 Supplementary Techniques for Intelligent Interfaces 1016
46.6 Intelligent Interface Technology 1020
46.7 The Process of Building an Intelligent Interface 1021
46.8 A Case Study in Intelligent Interface Design 1022
46.9 Summary and Conclusions 1025
46.10 References 1026
Chapter 47. Decision Support Systems: Designing to Extend the Cognitive Limits 1032
47.1 Introduction 1032
47.2 Decision Support and Human Decision Processes: Some Definitions 1033
47.3 The Decision Support System Design Process 1036
47.4 Step 1: Definition and Decomposition of the Decision Problem 1038
47.5 Step 2: Analysis of Decision Situations 1043
47.6 Step 3: Defining Decision Support System Functionality 1045
47.7 Step 4: Selecting DSS Technology within Behavioral and Cognitive Constrants 1046
47.8 Selecting Process Models for the DSS 1048
47.9 Selecting Value Models for the DSS 1050
47.10 Selecting Information Management Tools for the DSS 1052
47.11 Selecting Automated Analysis/ Reasoning Techniques for the DSS 1055
47.12 Selecting a Representation Aid for the DSS 1059
47.13 Selecting a Judgement Refinement/ Amplification Tool for the DSS 1061
47.14 Summary and Conclusions 1063
47.15 Acknowledgemnts 1063
47.16 References 1063
Part VII: Psychological and Organizational Issues 1066
Chapter 48. Social Aspects of Computer Use 1068
48.1 Introduction 1068
48.2 Myth Number 1. Employees React with Irrational Fears when Computers are Introduced 1068
48.3 Myth Number 2. Employee Participation in Technological Change is Needless 1069
48.4 Myth Number 3. Unions, Impede Technological and Economic Progress 1071
48.5 Myth Number 4. Planning for Technological Change should Rely more on Experts than End Users 1073
48.6 Myth Number 5. When Possible, use Technology to Create more Desk-type Jobs 1074
48.7 Myth Number 6. In Job Design, Remember to Keep it Simple 1075
48.8 Myth Number 7. New Policies and Closer Supervision are Proven Methods for Improving Productivity and Eliminating Waste 1079
48.9 Myth Number 8. One Person with a Computer can Outperform a Whole Team 1080
48.10 Summary 1082
48.11 References 1083
Chapter 49. Information Technology and Work Organization 1086
49.1 Abstract 1086
49.2 Introduction 1086
49.3 Theoretical Bases 1087
49.4 Survey of Empirical Research 1090
49.5 Implications for Further Research 1100
49.6 Implications for the Design of Systems and Work 1100
49.7 Conclusion 1101
49.8 References 1102
Chapter 50. Socio-Issues Related to Home-Based Work 1106
50.1 Introduction 1106
50.2 Characteristics of the Home-Based Work Force 1107
50.3 Research Concerns 1108
50.4 Labor Unions and Disabled Workers 1109
50.5 Implications for Design of Computer Systems 1110
50.6 Markets For Computer Systems 1110
50.7 New Directions 1111
50.8 Research on Technology 1112
50.9 Organizational Technology 1112
50.10 Research on Home-Based Work 1113
50.11 References 1113
Chapter 51. Factors Influencing Acceptance of Computer-Based Innovations 1116
51.1 Introduction 1116
51.2 Innovation Acceptance Theory 1117
51.3 Planning for Innovation Acceptance 1122
51.4 A Study of New Decision Support Systems 1126
51.5 Summary of Results 1138
51.6 Conclusion 1140
51.7 References 1140
Chapter 52. Technological Innovation and Organizational Ecology 1142
52.1 Abstract 1142
52.2 Introduction 1142
52.3 Technological Feasibility 1144
52.4 Space Planning Implication of Office Automation 1144
52.5 Organizational Constraints: The Acceptability Program 1147
52.6 Integrating Technology, Design, and Organizational Innovation 1149
52.7 The Acceptability Factor and the Enculturation Process 1151
52.8 Acknowledgments 1151
52.9 References 1152
Author Index 1154
Subject Index 1184

Textauszug

CONTRIBUTORS

Harry L. Ammerman,     Computer Technology Associates, Inc., Englewood, Colorado

Lynn Y. Arnaut,     Hewlett-Packard Corporation, Sunnyvale, California

Phil J. Barnard,     MRC, Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, England

Howard S. Bashinski,     Computer Technology Associates, Inc., Englewood, Colorado

Franklin D. Becker,     Facility Planning and Management Program, New York State College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

John Bennett,     IBM Corporation, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California

Patricia A. Billingsley,     Human Factors Department, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts

Deborah A. Boehm-Davis,     Psychology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

John F. Brock,     Hay Systems, Inc., Orlando, Florida

John M. Carroll,     User Interface Institute, IBM Corporation, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York

Larry L. Chapman,     University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Mark H. Chignell,     Dept. of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

Kevin Crowston,     Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Bill Curtis,     MCC, Software Technology Program, Austin, Texas

Sara J. Czaja,     Department of Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York

Susan T. Dumais,     Bell Communications Research, Morristown, New Jersey

Ray E. Eberts,     School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

Dennis E. Egan,     Bell Communications Research, Morristown, New Jersey

Jay Elkerton,     Center for Ergonomics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

K.-P. Fähnrich,     Fraunhofer Institute IAO, Stuttgart, West Germany

Claude M. Fligg, Jr.,     Computer Technology Associates, Inc., Englewood, Colorado

L.P. Goodstein,     Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark

Pierre Goumain,     GAMMA Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

John D. Gould,     IBM Research Center-Hawthorne, Yorktown Heights, New York

Joel S. Greenstein,     Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina

Jonathan Grudin,     MCC, Austin, Texas

Rajiv Gupta,     GMI Engineering and Management Institute, Department of Industrial Engineering, Flint, Michigan

Martin G. Helander,     Department of Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York

Karen Holtzblatt,     Digital Equipment Corporation, Nashau, New Hampshire

Michael G. Joost,     Department of Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina

John Karat,     IBM Corporation, Austin, Texas

Wendy A. Kellogg,     User Interface Institute, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York

David E. Kieras,     University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

K.H.E. Kroemer,     Human Factors Engineering Center, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia

Thomas K. Landauer,     Bell Communications Research, Morristown, New Jersey

Robert L. Mack,     User Interface Institute, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York

Robert R. Mackie,     Human Factors Research Division, Essex Corporation, Goleta, California

Richard E. Mayer,     Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California

Thomas W. Malone,     Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Taryn S. Moody,     Department of Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina

William C. Ogden,     IBM Corporation, San Jose, California

Judith Reitman Olson,     The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Olov Ostberg,     Ergonomics Laboratory, Swedish Telecommunication Administration, Farsta, Sweden

Kenneth R. Paap,     Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico

H. Mcllvaine Parsons,     Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia

Gary Perlman,     Northern Lights Software Corporation, Brookline, Massachusetts

Richard W. Pew,     Experimental Psychology Department, BBN Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts

Mark D. Phillips,     Computer Technology Associates, Inc., Englewood, Colorado

Kathleen M. Potosnak,     The Koffler Group, Santa Monica, California

Joanne H. Pratt,     Joanne H. Pratt Associates, Dallas, Texas

Jens Rasmussen,     Risϕ National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark

Phyllis Reisner,     IBM Corporation, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California

Teresa L. Roberts,     Xerox Corporation, Sunnyvale, California

Daniel Rosenberg,     Human Factors, Eastman Kodak Company, Design Resource Center, Rochester, New York

Renate J. Roske-Hofstrand,     Aerospace Human Factors Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California

Emily M. Roth,     Westinghouse Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

William J. Salter,     BBN Laboratories Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts

Remko J.H. Scha,     BBN Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts

Joseph Sharit,     Department of Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York

Thomas B. Sheridan,     Man-Machine Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Sidney L. Smith,     The MITRE Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts

Harry L. Snyder,     Human Factors...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.6.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Software Entwicklung ► User Interfaces (HCI)
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9513-3 / 1483295133
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9513-8 / 9781483295138