Advances onto the Internet of Things (eBook)

How Ontologies Make the Internet of Things Meaningful

Salvatore Gaglio, Giuseppe Lo Re (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013
IX, 352 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-03992-3 (ISBN)

Infos

The title of this book is a pun on the use of the preposition 'onto' with the aim of recalling 'Ontology', the term commonly adopted in the computer science community to indicate the study of the formal specification for organizing knowledge.

In the field of knowledge engineering, Ontologies are used for modeling concepts and relationships on some domain.

The year 2013 celebrates the twentieth anniversary of the World Wide Web. The simple network of hypermedia has transformed the world of communications with enormous implications on the social relationships.  However, traditional World Wide Web is currently experiencing a challenging evolution toward the Internet of Things (IoT), today feasible thanks to the integration of pervasive technologies capable of sensing the environment.

The most important contribution of IoT regards the possibility of enabling more efficient machine-to-machine cooperation. To such aim, ontologies represent the most suitable tool to enable transfer and comprehension of information among computer applications, even those designed and developed by unrelated people in different places.

This book proposes a collection of contributions illustrating different applications following these directions and that are the outcomes of real experiences developed in the context of research projects.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
1 An Ontology-Based Autonomic System for Ambient Intelligence Scenarios 11
1 Introduction 11
2 Ambient Intelligence and Autonomic Computing 13
3 A Multi-Level Approach for AmI Applications 15
4 The Proposed Ontology 16
4.1 The General Ontology 17
4.2 The Domain Ontology 19
5 Autonomic Self-Configuration 20
5.1 Rule-Based Reasoning 22
6 Conclusions and Future Research 25
References 25
2 Detection of User Activities in Intelligent Environments 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Proposed Approach 29
2.1 Pre-Processing 30
2.2 Action Detection and Modelling 30
2.3 Extraction of Behavior Patterns 33
3 Experimental Results 35
4 Conclusion 38
References 40
3 An AMI System for User Daily Routine Recognition and Prediction 42
1 Introduction 42
2 Related Works 43
3 The Proposed System 44
3.1 Adaptive Activity Recognition 44
3.2 On-line Learning 45
3.3 The Proposed Architecture 46
3.4 User Activity Profiling 48
3.5 System Ontology 49
4 Experimental Results 50
5 Conclusions 51
References 53
4 A Fuzzy Adaptive Controller for an Ambient Intelligence Scenario 55
1 Introduction 55
2 Related Work 57
3 Sensory Subsystem 58
3.1 Environmental Variables 58
3.2 Ontological Representation of Domain 59
4 The Proposed System 60
4.1 Fuzzy Controllers 61
4.2 Planning Module and Search Algorithm 64
5 Conclusion 66
References 66
5 Design of an Adaptive Bayesian System for Sensor Data Fusion 68
1 Motivations and Related Work 68
2 Proposed System 70
2.1 Conceptual Representation 70
2.2 Basic Definitions 72
2.3 Inference Engine 73
2.4 Uncertainty Index 75
2.5 Power Consumption Index 75
2.6 Self-Configuration Behavior 77
2.7 System Overview 78
3 Experimental Evaluation 78
3.1 Experimental Setting 78
3.2 Experimental Results 80
4 Conclusions 82
References 83
6 A Heterogeneous Sensor and Actuator Network Architecture for Ambient Intelligence 84
1 Introduction 84
2 System Overview 86
2.1 Building SAN Agent 87
2.2 The Base Station 88
2.3 Abstraction Layer 89
2.4 Sensor and Actuator Network 90
3 Experimental Scenario 92
4 Conclusions 94
References 94
7 Short-Term Sensory Data Prediction in Ambient Intelligence Scenarios 96
1 Introduction 96
2 Related Works 98
3 Proposed Approach 99
3.1 Context Generation and Update Modules 99
3.2 Prediction Submodule 102
3.3 Modeling the Effect of Actuators 104
4 Experimental Results 105
4.1 Prediction Performance 105
4.2 Effect of Light Exposure Actuators 107
5 Conclusions 108
References 109
8 A Structural Approach to Infer Recurrent Relations in Data 111
1 Introduction 111
2 Related Work 113
3 Ontology Learning 117
4 A Proof of Concept: The Slide Puzzle 120
4.1 Hidden Relations: Knowledge to Enhance Heuristic 122
5 Conclusion 124
References 124
319177_1_En_9_Chapter_OnlinePDF 126
9 Hardware and Software Platforms for Distributed Computing on Resource Constrained Devices 126
1 Introduction 126
2 Hardware Platforms 128
3 Operating Systems for Sensor Node Devices 129
4 Sensor Ontologies 131
5 Distributed Algorithms and Applications in WSNs 132
6 An Example of Distributed Application: Synchronization 134
7 Conclusion 135
References 136
10 From IEEE 802.15.4 to IEEE 802.15.4e: A Step Towards the Internet of Things 139
1 Introduction 139
2 IEEE 802.15.4 Standard 141
2.1 CSMA-CA Algorithm 142
3 Limitations of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC 143
4 IEEE 802.15.4e Standard 145
4.1 802.15.4e MAC Behavior Modes 146
4.2 Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Mode 148
5 Performance Comparison 151
6 Conclusions 154
References 155
11 Extracting Structured Knowledge From Sensor Data for Hybrid Simulation 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Technical Background 159
3 Simulating User Activities via a Structural Approach 161
3.1 Using a Hybrid Simulator to Capture Activity Data 161
3.2 Activity Discovery through Grammar Induction 164
4 A Sample Scenario: Predicting User Activities for Energy Saving 165
5 Conclusion 167
References 168
12 Gait Analysis Using Multiple Kinect Sensors 170
1 Introduction 170
2 Related Work 171
3 System Overview 172
3.1 Multi Kinect Architecture 173
3.2 Gait Features 174
3.3 Feature Classification 175
3.4 System Ontology 176
4 Experimental Results 177
5 Conclusion 179
References 179
13 3D Scene Reconstruction Using Kinect 181
1 Introduction 181
2 Related Work 182
3 System Overview 183
3.1 Superquadrics 183
3.2 Scene Reconstruction 185
4 Experimental Results 188
5 Conclusions 191
References 191
14 Sensor Node Plug-in System: A Service-Oriented Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks 193
1 Introduction 193
2 SeNSori: Sensor Node as a Service for Home and Buildings Energy Saving 195
3 SNPS: An OSGi Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks 197
3.1 Core and Related Components 199
3.2 Sensor Layer Integration 200
3.3 Web Service Integration 201
3.4 SNPS Data Model 202
3.5 Building and Composing Virtual Sensors 204
3.6 Use Case Scenario 205
4 Related Work 208
5 Conclusion 209
References 210
15 Toward the Next Generation of Sensors as a Service 211
1 Introduction 211
2 Service Oriented Architecture for Sensor Networks 212
3 SNS Service Model 213
4 Service Platform 214
4.1 Service SNS 216
5 Conclusion 217
References 217
16 Advances in Internet of Things as Related to the e-government Domain for Citizens and Enterprises 219
1 Introduction 219
2 Qualification of the Socio-Economic Relevance of the Proposed Solution and of its Positive Fallouts for End Users Resources Use and Optimization 222
3 Functional and Performance Requirements of the Proposed Solution 226
3.1 Needs List 226
3.2 Operational Scenarios 228
4 Specification of the Technological Innovation Gap to be Filled and of the Level of Novelty and Originality of the Knowledge to be Produced by the Proposed Solution 232
References 234
17 Low-Effort Support to Efficient Urban Parking in a Smart City Perspective 235
1 Introduction 236
2 Related Works 238
3 Requirements Analysis 240
4 A Model for Parking Data 242
5 Components for Smart Parking Support 245
5.1 On-Field Identification of Parking Slots 245
5.2 The Role of the Mobile Application 247
5.3 Back-End Components 249
5.4 Implementation Details 250
6 Data-Driven Ancillary Services 250
6.1 Dynamic Pricing 250
6.2 Short-Term and Long-Term Urban Mobility Planning 251
7 Conclusion 252
References 253
18 An Integrated System for Advanced Multi-risk Management Based on Cloud for IoT 255
1 Introduction 256
2 Briefly on Clouds 257
3 Related Work and Background 258
4 Risk Evaluation 259
4.1 Risk Investigation in the Cloud 261
5 The SIGMA Project 262
6 The Cloud Framework in SIGMA 264
6.1 C-COMPUTING 266
6.2 C-SENSOR 267
6.3 C-STORAGE 269
6.4 The Security Layer 269
7 Conclusions and Future Works 270
References 271
19 Towards Internet Intelligent Services Based on Cloud Computing and Multi-Agents 272
1 Introduction 272
2 Cloud Concepts and Models 274
2.1 Cloud Deployment Models 276
2.2 Example of Cloud Systems 277
3 Multi-Agent Systems 277
4 Clouds Using Agents 279
5 Agents Using Clouds 280
5.1 Semantic Search on Clouds 281
6 Final Remarks 283
References 283
20 Chatbots as Interface to Ontologies 285
1 Introduction 285
2 State of the Art 286
3 Ontology Based Architectures for Conversational Information Suppliers 287
3.1 Integration of ProgramD and ResearchCyc: Cyd 288
3.2 Integration of a ChatBot and WordNet: ProgramW 291
3.3 Hybrid Architectures for Chatbots 293
4 Integration of CyD and LSAbot: A Rational/Intuitive Chatbot Architecture 294
5 Conclusion 298
References 298
21 Body Area Networks and Healthcare 300
1 Introduction 300
2 Body Area Networks 301
2.1 Communication 301
2.2 Data Compression 302
3 BANs, Healthcare and the Internet of Things 302
3.1 Physical Activity Recognition and Classification 303
3.2 Security and Privacy 304
3.3 Context and Service-Oriented Architectures 304
4 Applications 305
4.1 Cardiovascular Diseases 305
4.2 Physical Therapy 305
4.3 Eldery and Passive Care Assistance 306
5 Conclusion 306
References 307
22 Urban Air Quality Monitoring Using Vehicular Sensor Networks 310
1 Introduction 310
2 Urban Air Quality Monitoring 312
3 Related Work 313
4 The Proposed System 314
4.1 Implementation 317
5 Ontological Approach 318
6 Conclusions 319
References 320
23 Concentrated Solar Power: Ontologies for Solar Radiation Modeling and Forecasting 323
1 Introduction 323
2 CSP Plant Technologies 324
3 Overview of Solar Radiation Resource Concepts 326
4 Why Solar Resource Data are of Importance to Concentrated Solar Power 327
5 Solar Radiation Models 328
6 Opportunities of an Ontology for Solar Radiation Modeling and Forecasting 330
7 An Ontology for Solar Radiation Modeling and Forecasting 331
8 Conclusions 334
References 334
24 Designing Ontology-Driven Recommender Systems for Tourism 336
1 Introduction 336
2 The Semantic Web 337
2.1 Semantic Web Technologies 338
2.2 Semantic Web Application Architecture 340
3 Travel Recommender Systems 341
4 The Proposed Architecture 342
4.1 Pre-travel Virtual Assistant 343
4.2 On-site Recommender System 344
4.3 Semantic Data Mining 346
5 Conclusions 347
References 348

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.12.2013
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
• Zusatzinfo: IX, 352 p. 125 illus.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: internet of things • Ontologies • semantic search • semantic web • sensor networks
• ISBN-10: 3-319-03992-X / 331903992X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-03992-3 / 9783319039923