Mobile Clouds (eBook)

Exploiting Distributed Resources in Wireless, Mobile and Social Networks

Frank H. P. Fitzek, Marcos D. Katz (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB | PDF

2013
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-80144-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Includes a preface written by Professor Leonard Kleinrock, Distinguished Professor of Computer Science, UCLA, USA

This book discusses and explores the concept of mobile cloud, creating an inspiring research space for exploiting opportunistic resource sharing, and covering from theoretical research approaches to the development of commercially profitable ideas.

A mobile cloud is a cooperative arrangement of dynamically connected communication nodes sharing opportunistic resources. In this book, authors provide a comprehensive and motivating overview of this rapidly emerging technology. The book explores how distributed resources can be shared by mobile users in very different ways and for various purposes. The book provides many stimulating examples of resource-sharing applications. Enabling technologies for mobile clouds are also discussed, highlighting the key role of network coding. Mobile clouds have the potential to enhance communications performance, improve utilization of resources and create flexible platforms to share resources in very novel ways.

Energy efficient aspects of mobile clouds are discussed in detail, showing how being cooperative can bring mobile users significant energy saving. The book presents and discusses multiple examples of mobile clouds applications, based on both existing commercial initiatives as well as proof-of-concept test-beds. Visions and prospects are also discussed, paving the way for further development. As mobile networks and social networks become more and more reliant on each other, the concept of resource sharing takes a wider and deeper meaning, creating the foundations for a global real-time multidimensional resource pool, the underlying infrastructure for shareconomy. Above all, this is an inspiring book for anyone who is concerned about the future of wireless and mobile communications networks and their relationship with Social networks.

Key Features:

• Provides fundamental ideas and promising concepts for exploiting opportunistic cooperation and cognition in wireless and mobile networks
• Gives clear definitions of mobile clouds from different perspectives
• Associates mobile and wireless networks with social networks, creating a vast fertile ground for novel developments in both research and practical applications
• Considers research directions, emerging trends and visions

This book is an excellent resource for wireless/networking researchers in industry and academia, students and mobile phone programmers. Managers interested in new technology developments, service providers, network operators, and those working in the gaming industry will also find the book insightful.

Professor Frank Fitzek, University of Aalborg, Denmark

Frank H. P. Fitzek is an Associate Professor in the department of Electronic Systems, University of Aalborg, Denmark heading the Mobile Device group. He received his diploma (Dipl.-Ing.) degree in electrical engineering from the University of Technology - Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) - Aachen, Germany, in 1997 and his Ph.D. (Dr.-Ing.) in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University Berlin, Germany in 2002 and became Adjunct Professor at the University of Ferrara, Italy.

Dr. Marcos Katz, University of Oulu, Finland

Marcos Katz received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina in 1987, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from University of Oulu, Finland, in 1995 and 2002, respectively. He worked as a Research Engineer at Nokia Telecommunications from 1987 to 1995, designing analog circuits for high-speed PDH/SDH line interfaces. From 1995 to 2001 he was a Senior Research Engineer at Nokia Networks, Finland

 

Autor

Frank H. P. Fitzek is a Professor in the department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark. He received his diploma (Dipl.-Ing.) degree in electrical engineering from the University of Technology - Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) - Aachen, Germany, in 1997 and his Ph.D. (Dr.-Ing.) in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University Berlin, Germany in 2002 and became Adjunct Professor at the University of Ferrara, Italy in the same year. He co-founded the start-up company acticom GmbH in Berlin in 1999. He has visited various research institutes including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), VTT, and Arizona State University. In 2005 he won the YRP award for the work on MIMO MDC and received the Young Elite Researcher Award of Denmark. He was selected to receive the NOKIA Champion Award several times in a row from 2007 to 2011. In 2008 he was awarded the Nokia Achievement Award for his work on cooperative networks. In 2011 he received the SAPERE AUDE research grant from the Danish government and in 2012 he received the Vodafone Innovation price. His current research interests are in the areas of wireless and mobile communication networks, mobile phone programming, network coding, cross layer as well as energy efficient protocol design and cooperative networking. Marcos D. Katz works as a professor at Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. He received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina in 1987, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from University of Oulu, Finland, in 1995 and 2002, respectively. He worked as a Research Engineer at Nokia Telecommunications from 1987 to 1995. From 1995 to 2001 he was a Senior Research Engineer at Nokia Networks, Finland. In 2001-2002 he was a Research Scientist at the Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. In years 2003-2005 Dr Katz was the Principal Engineer at Samsung Electronics, Advanced Research Lab., Telecommunications R&D Center, Suwon, Korea. From 2006 to 2009 he worked as a Chief Research Scientist at VTT, the Technical Research Centre of Finland. His current research interests include cooperative and cognitive networking as well as optical communications, particularly visible light communications.

Rezensionen

"The book is full of insights for researchers, developing engineers, students, and IT professionals. It contains a wide bibliography related to already implemented solutions and solutions being studied in scientific research." (IEEE Communications Magazine, 1 September 2015)

Textauszug

1

Motivation

Inventions have long since reached their limit, and I see no hope for further development.

Julius Sextus Frontinus, highly regarded Roman engineer, 1st century A.D.

This chapter serves as a motivating introduction to the subject of this book: mobile clouds. A brief account of the evolution of mobile and wireless communications is presented from the point of view of mobile devices as well as communication networks. Mobile clouds can be considered as the result of the evolution and merging of mobile and wireless communications technologies. These initial pages will shed some light on some historical developments leading to the concept of mobile clouds.

1.1 Introduction

Untethered communications, omnipresent and fundamental in today’s hyper-connected world, evolved rapidly in the last decades. The impact on our lives is so deep that it is hard to imagine how difficult it would be living now without the informational and social connectivity, freedom as well as flexibility brought by wireless communications technology. In this introduction we briefly discuss the evolutionary development of wireless communications until the present, from networks and mobile devices points of view. This overview will provide some useful and motivating background information before focusing on mobile clouds. Two evolutionary paths characterize untethered communications, the developments in wide–area communications on one hand, and the developments in short–range communications on the other hand. The former can be denominated the mobile path, while the latter is the wireless path, due to the fact that typically mobile communications, and wireless communications are the terms used for wide–area and short–range technologies, respectively. Radio broadcasting, the very first example of wide–area communications, started to be developed at the turn of the 20th century. WWI and WWII provided an immense thrust to the development of radar and communications technology. The further developments in solid–state components resulted in miniaturization, made possible implementation of complex systems and gave birth to the era of truly portable communications equipment. The first urban mobile communications systems were deployed as early as in the latest 1940’s. Single powerful base stations with high–rise antennas were initially used to provide access to areas with radius of up to some 50km. Already at that time scarcity in the available spectrum was identified as an issue and Bell Labs proposed the idea of covering large geographical regions by using a number of smaller service areas. Further developments in the upcoming decades led to the introduction of basic cellular systems for public and private use in the 1970’s. Most of this pioneering work took place in the US but in the next decades Europe and Japan developed also their own commercial cellular systems. The cellular concept, based on frequency reuse in smaller coverage areas, or cells, allowed city–wide support of a large number of users. Through the 1980’s until the present day four generations of cellular systems were developed, such that 2G, 3G and the rather recently introduced 4G coexist today. Requirements for higher supported data rates and network capacity led to a gradual reduction of cell sizes, typically up to few tens of kilometers in macro–cells, few hundred meters to few kilometers in micro–cells and from meters to a few hundred meters in the case of pico–cells. Certainly cell size is also related to mobility, large cells support higher degrees of mobility with the need for frequent handovers to adjacent cells. Providing untethered connectivity over short distances has also proved to be highly important, if not absolutely necessary, to a great deal of applications and in many practical scenarios. Over the last two decades a large number of communication technologies for short–range communications were developed fulfilling the demands for local wireless connectivity to computers, home and office appliances and other portable, movable or fixed equipment. This parallel development, the aforementioned wireless path, produced a very eclectic range of communications technologies covering from millimeters to a few hundred meters. Examples of short–range communications include wireless local area networks, (WLAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN), wireless body area network (WBAN), wireless sensor networks (WSN), radio frequency identification (RFID) and near field communications (NFC). Besides radio communication there is also optical communication, especially visible light communication (VLC). As compared to the developments in wide–area communications, focused mostly on overlay cellular networks operating on a centralized manner, short–range communications is a highly fragmented development arena, technology–, applications– and architecture–wise. The industry behind wide–area cellular and short–range communication fields are typically different. Large telecom manufactures back the former, whereas a diverse array of technology industry, with computer industry having the largest share, being behind the eclectic solutions existing for short–range communications. As we are moving towards a highly integrated mobile and communications era, the division between industry supporting cellular and short–range communications becomes blurred. Stretching from millimeters ranges of to hundreds of kilometers, wireless communications today consists of a large collection of different technologies omnipresent in our life. Figure 1.1 illustrates current representative mobile and communications approaches as a function of their typical ranges. Broadly speaking short–range and wide–area cellular communications remain today the main two approaches to untethered communications.

Figure 1.1 The realm of wireless and mobile communications today: from millimeters to hundreds of kilometers.

1.2 From Brick Phones to Smart Phones

Personal computers, Internet and mobile communications are among the most rapidly adopted technologies in history. In particular, the emergence and further popularization of mobile communication technologies are truly remarkable and unique achievements. Today, after a quarter of a century since the inception of mobile communications, the worldwide penetration of mobile and wireless communication devices exceeds 86% as given in [1]. Connectivity is seen today as an indispensable commodity, or even more, as a basic right of each individual. Mobile devices provide wireless access, making possible portable connectivity in most of the scenarios where people live, work and spend their free time. The outstanding development of mobile communications can be seen as the result of huge global research and development efforts by related industry, academia and regulators. Envisaging this rapid development in this area has always been a real challenge. Even the most optimistic forecasts were short to predict the colossal growth of mobile communications. In 1997 it was estimated that by 2010 there would be from one to two billion mobile subscribers [2, 3], whereas in 2006 such figure was estimated to be three billion [4]. The actual figure in 2010 well exceeded the five billions. In a few years from now (2014) the worldwide penetration is expected to reach or even exceed 100%.

These impressive figures are just one part of the story. Mobile and wireless communications have changed radically the way people communicate with each other and access information. And more changes will certainly follow. The impact of mobile communications on how people socialize, work, retrieve information, do business and entertain themselves is really enormous. The global process of adopting mobile communications technology has been quick and its impact on individuals and the society as a whole has been profound, far beyond the initial expectations. The so far two–and–a–half decades of mobile communications development has basically spanned four mobile technology generations, known as 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G. These generations, encompassing several technologies, have coexisted and continue to coexist on a global scale. Today, 2G and 3G are the most widely used mobile technologies while 4G, being at this time rapidly deployed, will be the mainstream mobile technology in the near future. Moreover, 5G, aiming at a time-frame beyond 2020, is currently being developed. While mobile communications continues to shape the way that people live, such deep impact would have not been possible without the outstanding technical achievements that took place in the rather short mobile communications era. Among the most representative developments that occurred in the past 25 years mobile users witnessed the following technological enhancements: data rate support increased from some 100bps to 1Mbps and higher; memory onboard devices was boosted from some 1MB to 32GB and higher; weight of terminals reduced from about 5kg down to 100g and below; device size (volume) decreased from 5000cm3 to 50cm3; prices dropped from 5000Euro down to the range 50Euro to 500Euro; operating time saw a ten–fold decrease (1h–10h) whereas the total number of devices on a worldwide scale jumped from a few millions to nearly six billion units today.

Figure 1.2 summarizes these accomplishments by showing the approximate enhancing factors of key capabilities of mobile communications devices. Another major development...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.12.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Netzwerke
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Amazon Cloud • cloud based services • Cloud Computing • cloud services • Cloud technology • Communication technology • Communication Technology - Networks • distributed services • Drahtlose Kommunikation • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Google Cloud • iCloud • Kommunikationsnetze • Kommunikationstechnik • Mobile & Wireless Communications • wireless cloud computing
• ISBN-10: 1-118-80144-X / 111880144X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-80144-4 / 9781118801444