The Emerging Domain of Cooperating Objects (eBook)

Pedro José Marron, Stamatis Karnouskos, Daniel Minder, Aníbal Ollero (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
XXVII, 271 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-16946-5 (ISBN)

Infos

There are a number of different system concepts that have gained much relevance in the area of embedded systems over the past couple of years. First, there is the classic concept of embedded systems where the focus is on control systems for physical processes. Secondly, the notion of pervasive computing has evolved, where the vision foresees everyday objects having some form of computation capacity and, in most cases, sensing and communication facilities. Thirdly, the notion of wireless sensor networks has arisen, where small computing devices are able to sense their environment and cooperate in order to achieve a well-defined goal.

These three types of quite diverse systems share a lot of commonalities on the one hand and, on the other hand, have some complementary aspects in common that make a combination of these systems into a coherent system vision promising. In particular, the important notions of control, heterogeneity, wireless communication, dynamic and ad-hoc nature and cost are prevalent to various degrees in each of these systems.

A future system concept needs to combine the strong points of all three system concepts in at least these functional aspects. It has to provide support for the control of physical processes like today's embedded systems do, have as good support for device heterogeneity and spontaneity of usage as required by pervasive and ubiquitous computing approaches, and has to be as cost efficient and wirelessly agile as wireless sensor networks are. These new systems consist, therefore, of individual entities or objects that jointly strive to reach a common goal, which will typically be a goal in sensing or control, and are dynamically and loosely federating themselves for cooperation, taking care not to overtax their available resources.

This book presents a roadmap to these concepts which are summarized as cooperating objects.

Inhalt

The Emerging Domainof Cooperating Objects 3
Contents 15
List of Figures 21
List of Tables 25
Chapter 1 Executive Summary 29
Definition of Cooperating Objects 30
State of the Art in Cooperating Objects Research 30
Hardware 31
Algorithms 31
Non-functional Properties 33
Systems 34
Others 35
Innovative Applications 36
Market Analysis 37
Research Roadmap 37
Hardware 37
Algorithms 38
Non-functional Properties 39
System 39
Other 40
Conclusions 40
Chapter 2 Introduction to Cooperating Objects 41
Definition 42
Cyber-Physical Systems 44
Research Areas 45
Chapter 3 State of the Art in Cooperating Objects Research 47
Hardware 47
Hardware Platforms 48
Cooperating objects embedded into smart automation devices (hardware): shop floor with SOA 49
Cooperating objects (hardware) - Cross-layer with SOA 56
Hardware Platforms for WSNs 57
Sensors 65
Sensor Calibration 66
Energy Efficiency 67
Energy Harvesting 67
Mechanical Energy 68
Light Energy 68
Thermal Energy 68
Electromagnetic Energy 69
Energy from the Human Body 69
Algorithms 70
Synchronization 70
Localization 71
Technologies and measurement modalities 72
Range-based algorithms 72
Range-free algorithms 73
Target Tracking 73
MAC 73
Routing 75
Bandwidth Estimation and Admission Control 77
Clustering 78
Querying 79
Data Processing 80
Data Processing within a Sensor Network 80
Data Processing within a Broadcast Domain 82
Cooperation of Mobile Objects 84
Radio Resource Management 86
Frequency Adaptation 87
Transmit Power Control 88
Channel Access Timing 88
Non-functional Properties 89
Scalability 90
Timeliness (Throughput, Delay and Real-time) 91
Reliability and Robustness 93
Mobility 94
Security and Privacy 96
Security 96
Privacy 98
Heterogeneity 100
Systems 101
Operating Systems 101
Programming Abstractions and Middleware 103
Macroprogramming 103
Virtual Machines 104
Resource Naming 105
Task distribution 105
Adaptive Systems 106
Cross-Layer Interactions 107
Data Sharing 107
Service Invocation 109
Event Detection 109
Context Management 110
System Integration 110
Debugging and Management Tools 112
Diagnosis 112
Healing 114
Others 115
Modeling and Planning 115
Radio Link Quality 115
RF Interference 117
Deployment Planning 118
Node and Network Lifetime 119
Performance modeling and network dimensioning 120
Modeling Mobility 121
Testbed and Simulation Platforms 122
Generic Simulators 123
Specialized Simulators 125
Emulators 128
Testbeds 129
Testbed Directory 131
Standardization 138
ZigBee and the ZigBee Alliance 139
IP for Smart Objects and Cooperating Objects 141
The IP for Smart Objects (IPSO) Alliance 143
ETSI 144
Continua Alliance 146
WirelessHART 147
ISA SP100.11a 149
(Web) Services on Devices 150
Conclusions 152
Chapter 4 Applications 153
Building, Home, and Industrial Automation 153
Building Automation 154
Business Drivers 154
Next steps 156
Home Control 156
Business Drivers 157
Visions for the Future 160
Industrial Automation 161
Energy Efficiency in Industry 162
Integration of intelligent energy management systems 163
Industrial Automation and Wireless 166
Business Drivers 166
Industrial Applications Visions 166
Manufacturing 167
Digital Factories 168
Smart Factories 169
Virtual Factories 169
Wireless Device Strategies 170
Discrete Manufacturing 170
Process Manufacturing 173
New Wireless-enabled Applications 174
Energy 174
Cooperation of SmartHouses and SmartGrid 176
Electricity Monitoring and Management 177
The role of the Smart Meter 178
Research Challenges and directions 181
Logistics 183
Characteristics of Cooperating Objects in Logistics 183
Challenges and Trends in Logistics Cooperation 184
Transportation 186
Aerial Transportation 186
Road Transportation 189
Intelligent transport challenges: Automotive example 189
Environmental Monitoring 191
Driving Forces 191
State of the Art 192
Trends 192
Challenges 196
Healthcare and Assisted Living 196
Assisted Living 197
Activity Recognition Systems 198
Gait Analysis 198
Emotion Recognition Systems 198
Design Frameworks 199
Trends and Open Challenges 200
Security 201
Deployment 202
Data Acquisition 202
Distributed Data Processing 202
Lifecycle Cost 203
Performance 203
Conclusions 203
Chapter 5 Market Analysis 205
Market Predictions 205
Cooperating Objects for Monitoring and Control 207
Market Evolution 207
The CONET Survey 210
Conclusions 213
Chapter 6 Research Roadmap 215
Hardware 215
Hardware Platforms 216
Sensors 218
Energy Efficiency 218
Energy Harvesting 219
Timeline 220
Conclusions 221
Algorithms 222
Synchronization 223
Localization 223
MAC 224
Routing 225
Bandwidth Estimation and Admission Control 226
Clustering 226
Querying 227
Data Processing 228
Cooperation of Mobile Objects 229
Radio Resource Management 229
Timeline 230
Conclusions 231
Non-functional Properties 232
Scalability 233
Timeliness 234
Reliability and Robustness 235
Mobility 236
Security and Privacy 237
Heterogeneity 238
Timeline 239
Conclusions 240
Systems 241
Operating Systems 241
Programming Abstractions and Middleware 242
System Integration 244
Debugging and Management Tools 244
Timeline 245
Conclusions 246
Others 247
Modeling and Planning 248
RF Interference 248
Radio Link Quality 248
Lifetime estimation 249
Network Planning 249
Performance modeling and network dimensioning 249
Testbed and Simulation Platforms 250
Standards 251
Timeline 251
Conclusions 252
Conclusions 253
Chapter 7 Conclusions 255
References 256

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 19.1.2011
• Zusatzinfo: XXVII, 271 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Embedded Systems • internet of things • Pervasive Computing • wireless sensor networks
• ISBN-10: 3-642-16946-5 / 3642169465
• ISBN-13: 978-3-642-16946-5 / 9783642169465