New Developments and Applications in Sensing Technology (eBook)

Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Aimé Lay-Ekuakille, Anton Fuchs (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
X, 333 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-17943-3 (ISBN)

Infos

This book has focussed on different aspects of smart sensors and sensing technology, i.e. intelligent measurement, information processing, adaptability, recalibration, data fusion, validation,  high reliability and integration of novel and high performance sensors in the areas of magnetic, ultrasonic, vision and image sensing, wireless sensors and network, microfluidic, tactile, gyro, flow, surface acoustic wave, humidity and ultra-wide band. While future interest in this field is ensured by the constant supply of emerging modalities, techniques and engineering solutions, as well as an increasing need from aging structures, many of the basic concepts and strategies have already matured and now offer opportunities to build upon.

The book has primarily been focussed for postgraduate and research students working on different aspects of design and developments of smart sensors and sensing technology.

 

Inhalt

Title 1
Table of Contents 7
Detection of Micro-cracks on Metal Surfaces Using Near-Field Microwave Dual-Behaviour Resonators 9
Introduction 9
First-Order DBR Filter Probe 11
Description of the Probe 11
Experimental Results 13
First-Order DBR Filter Probe with Open Ground Plane 17
Description of the Probe 17
Experimental Results 18
Conclusion 20
References 21
Improving the Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensors through Smart Antenna Design 22
Introduction 22
Designing a New Antenna 24
Antenna Requirements 24
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Antenna 25
Folded Coplanar Waveguide (FCPW) Antenna 28
Validating the Design 30
Radiation Pattern Measurement 31
Methodology 31
Measured Radiation Patterns 34
Discussion 35
Energy Efficiency Measurements 37
Experimental Setup 37
Measured Results 39
Discussion 41
Conclusions 43
References 43
Planar Electromagnetic Sensor for the Detection of Nitrate and Contamination in Natural Water Sources Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Approach 45
Introduction 45
Motivation 47
Construction and Operating Principle of Planar Electromagnetic Sensor 50
Simulation Using Comsol Multiphysics 51
Description of the Model 51
Subdomain Equation 52
Boundary Condition 53
Impedance Equations 53
Simulation Results 54
Experimental Setup 57
Experimental Characteristic of the Sensor 57
Experiment with Distilled Water, Different Concentration of NaNO$_3$ and NH$_4$NO$_3$ Diluted in 1 Litre Distilled Water and Results 58
Experiment with Water Samples 61
Future Consideration and Conclusion 64
References 64
Current Reconstruction Algorithms in Electrical Capacitance Tomography 70
Electrical Capacitance Tomography in General 70
Physics within an ECT-Sensor 72
Measurement Modi 75
Prototype ECT-System at Graz University of Technology 78
Calibration of ECT Systems 79
Reconstruction Algorithms in ECT – A Classification 80
Classification by the Type of Data Representation 80
Classification Concerning the Type of Algorithm 83
Mathematical Tools in ECT 84
Finite Element Method 84
Analytic Computation of Derivatives 87
Reconstruction Algorithms 89
Linear Back Projection 89
Optimal Approximations 91
Nonlinear Iterative Methods 94
Kalman Filters 97
Markov Chain Monte Carlo 100
Reconstruction Results 105
Conclusion 108
References 109
Non-destructive Control of Metallic Plate with Magnetic Techniques 112
Introduction 112
Concept 113
Sensor Topology 114
Technological Choiches and Specifications 115
Schematic 117
Sensor Interface and Preliminary Tests 119
Image Processing 121
Experimental Results 124
Conclusions 126
References 127
Gas Sensing Characteristics of Pure and ZnO-ModifiedFe$_2$O$_3$ Thick Films 128
Introduction 128
Experimental 129
Preparation of Fe$_2$O$_3$ Thick Films 129
Preparation of ZnO Surface Modified Fe2O3 Thick Films 129
Details of Gas Sensing System 130
Characterization Results 130
Microstructural Analysis 130
Elemental Analysis 131
Thermal Stability of Pure and ZnO Modified Fe2O3 Thick Films 131
Dependence of Electrical Conductivity on Temperature 133
Measurement of Sensor Response 133
Microstructural Analysis 134
Response and Recovery Time 134
Discussions 135
Adsorption of Oxygen 135
Desorption of Oxygen 136
The Amount of Surface ZnO and Response to H2S 136
Conclusions 136
References 137
Design and Construction of a Configurable Full-Field Range Imaging System for Mobile Robotic Applications 138
Introduction 138
Principles of Full-Field Image Ranging 140
Full Field Range Imaging System Requirements 143
Initial Design 144
Revised Design 145
Real-Time Capable Design 146
Portable Version 149
FPGA Board 150
Memory Requirements 152
Illumination Circuit Board 153
Image Sensing and Capture Board 154
External Interface Board 155
Power Supply 156
Results 157
Summary 158
References 159
Cr2O3-doped BaTiO3 as an Ammonia Gas Sensor 161
Introduction 161
Experimental 162
Preparation of BaTiO3 Powder 162
Preparation of BaTiO3 Thick Films 162
Preparation of Cr2O3-doped BaTiO3 Thick Films 163
Thickness Measurements 163
Characterization Results 163
Structural Properties 163
Microstructural Analysis 164
Elemental Analysis 164
Electrical Conductivity of Cr2O3-doped BaTiO3 Films 165
Gas Sensing Performance 165
Discussions 168
Conclusions 169
References 169
Physical and Electrical Modeling of Interdigitated Electrode Arrays for Bioimpedance Spectroscopy 172
Introduction 172
Theoretical Aspect 173
Description of Interdigital Sensors 173
Equivalent Circuit Model 174
Theoretical Optimization of the Sensor 176
COVENTORWARE® Modeling 179
Model Description 179
Results and Discussion 181
VHDL-AMS Modeling 184
Model Description 184
Results and Discussion 186
Experimental Validation 188
Sensor Manufacturing 188
Measurements 189
Conclusion 191
References 191
Water Quality Assessment through Smart Sensing and Computational Intelligence 193
Introduction 193
Distributed Smart Sensing Network 195
Smart Sensing Node’s Architecture 195
Intelligent Modelling of Measuring Channels 200
GUI 205
Conclusion 206
References 206
Multi-spectral Analytical Systems Using LIBS and LII Techniques 209
Introduction 209
LIBS Measurement 210
Micro-drop Sampling Sub-system 213
Time-Control System for LIBS 216
Gas-Flow Assist System for LIBS 218
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Micro-drop System 218
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Ar Ambient 220
Measurement of Carbonaceous Particles 223
Particle Size Measurement for Carbonaceous Material Using LII Technique 226
Conclusion 232
References 232
Electromechanical Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Networks and Their Polymer Composites 235
Introduction 235
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks and Composites 236
Experimental Techniques 237
Results 238
Free-Standing Entangled MWCNT Networks 238
PS Filter-Supported Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Networks 240
Effect of Compressive Strain/Stress on Electric Resistance of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Networks 242
MWCNT Network and Contact Resistance 246
Effect of Temperature on MWCNT and PS/MWCNT Network Resistance 248
Effect of Organic Vapors on MWCNT Pure and Oxidized Networks 248
Concluding Remarks and Discussion 251
References 251
Novel Planar Interdigital Sensors for Detection of Domoic Acid in Seafood 254
Introduction 254
Motivation 256
Development of Novel Planar Interdigital Sensors 257
Sensor Design and Fabrication 257
Sensor Impedance Characteristics 260
Experimental Results and Discussion 262
Initial Studies with Chemical Samples 262
Experiments with Sea food Products 265
Experiment with Mussels and Proline 266
Experiment with Mussel and Domoic Acid 270
A Microcontroller Based Sensing System 273
Conclusion 277
References 277
Nano-Biosensor Development for Biomedical and Environmental Measurements 280
Introduction 280
Sensor Fabrication 283
Glucose Nano-Biosensors 285
Double Layered Nano-Biosensors 288
Environmental Sensors 290
Conclusions 291
References 291
Nondestructive Evaluations of Iron-Based Materials by Using AC and DC Electromagnetic Sensors 294
Introduction 294
Experiments 295
Magnetoresistance Effect 295
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise 297
Leakage Flux 298
AC Conductivity and Magnetic Susceptibility 299
Discussions 302
Conclusions 303
References 304
STACK: Sparse Timing of Algorithms Using Computational Knowledge 305
Introduction 305
Computational Models 307
Van Numen 307
Distributed Architecture 307
FPGA 307
Computational IP Cores 307
Data Pre-processing – Non Blocking 309
Double Buffering 309
Algorithms for Data Coherency 310
Compressed Sensing (CS) 310
Coherency Cost Function of Sparse Representation 311
Proposed Algorithm Definition 312
Sensor Centric Algorithm 314
Distributed Fused Parameter Dictionary 315
STACK Model Validation 316
Lower Bound Validation Using Covariance 316
Algorithm Acceleration 317
Static Program Order Model 317
Dynamic Out-of-Order Model 317
STACK 318
Summary 319
References 319
A New Approach to Estimation of Protein Networks for Cell Cycle Based on Least-Squares Method 321
Introduction 321
Least-Squares Method for Linear State Space Model 322
Estimation of Protein Networks for 6-Dimensional Cell Cycle System 323
An Estimation Result of Protein Networks for 6-Dimensional Cell Cycle Systems 325
Discussion about the Proposed Approach in View of the Number of Data 328
Conclusion 330
References 330
Author Index 332

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.1.2011
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: X, 334 p. 272 illus., 157 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Chemical sensors • Fiber Optic Sensors • Gas Sensors • Intelligent and Smart Sensors • Magnetic Sensors • medical applications • Physical Sensors • sensors • Wireless sensors and network
• ISBN-10: 3-642-17943-6 / 3642179436
• ISBN-13: 978-3-642-17943-3 / 9783642179433