Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology (eBook)

Len Gelman (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010
XII, 500 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
9789048187768 (ISBN)

Infos

Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology contains sixty-one revised and extended research articles written by prominent researchers participating in the conference. Topics covered include Control Engineering, Network Management, Wireless Networks, Biotechnology, Signal Processing, Computational Intelligence, Computational Statistics, Internet Computing, High Performance Computing, and industrial applications. Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology will offer the state of art of tremendous advances in electronic engineering and computing technology and also serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working with/on electronic engineering and computing technology.

Ao, Sio Iong, Ph.D.

Education & Post-Doctoral Research

Harvard University: Post-Doctoral Fellow in Computer Science (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Time Series Center, Initiative in Innovative Computing)

University of Oxford: Post-Doctoral Researcher (Oxford University Computing Laboratory)

The University of Hong Kong: Doctor of Philosophy (Mathematics)

The Chinese University of Hong Kong: Master of Philosophy (Systems Engineering & Engineering Management)

Scholarships & Awards

Dean List of Class (1994/95), Keio University Award (1996/97), CUHK Studentship Award (2001-2003), CUHK Postgraduate Student Grants Award for Overseas Academic Activities (2003), HKU Studentship Award (2004-2007), HKU Postgraduate Student Grants Award for Overseas Academic Activities (2005), Postgraduate Student Grant for MSRI Summer Graduate Workshop (MSRI, Berkeley, USA, 2006), International Association of Engineers Academics Fellowship Award (2007/09)

Other Honors: Selected for the Who's Who in the World (Marquis Who's Who, 2007 & 2008), Selected for 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century,

(2008, International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England);

- Commended for the Thirty-Fourth Edition of the Dictionary of International Biography (2008, International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England), Best Paper Award of The 2007 International Conference of Information Engineering, Certificate of Commendation (The University of Hong Kong, 2007), Selected for the First Edition of Who's Who in Asia (Marquis Who's Who, 2006), Best Student Paper Award of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2006 and The 2006 IAENG International Workshop on Financial Engineering

 

Professor Len Gelman: Chair in Vibro-Acoustic Monitoring; Chairman of Condition Monitoring Technical Committee, British Institute of NDT; Director, Centre of Vibro-Acoustics and Fatigue; Director, International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration

School of Engineering, Cranfield University

Brief Description

Professor Len Gelman, PhD, Dr of Sciences (habilitation) is Director of Centre of Vibro-Acoustics and Fatigue, Cranfield University. He has more than 25 year's experience in signal processing and vibro-acoustic monitoring of complex mechanical systems (e.g. rotating, reciprocating machinery, etc.) both in industry and academia. He has been Principal Investigator on numerous contracts and grants, including grants from the USA National Academy of Sciences, USA National Research Council, USA International Science Foundation, USA Civilian Research and Development Foundation (twice), USA MacArthur Foundation, Lady Davis, Israel, Centro Volta, Italy. He is Principal Investigator on UK EPSRC, UK DTI (three times), UK Royal Society, Rolls Royce (two times) and Shell grants.

He is a Fellow of the British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing (BINDT) and UK Institution of Diagnostic Engineers, Chairman of the Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Technology Committee of the BINDT and Director of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration (USA). He is the author of over200 publications (including 17 patents) and 11 keynote papers. He is editor-in-chief of the book series 'Condition monitoring' (Coxmoor, UK), Chair of 2007 World Congress on Engineering Asset Management, Honorary Co-Chair of 2007 and 2008 World Congresses of Engineering and Chair of 2008 Condition Monitoring Conference. He has participated in the scientific boards of numerous international conferences, has spent a large amount of time lecturing and consulting to industry in all parts of the world and has held visiting professor positions at 5 overseas universities.

Inhalt

Electronic Engineering 
 
2 
Preface 
6 
Contents 
8 
1 On the Experimental Control of a Separately Excited DC Motor 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Modeling 15
1.2.1 Load Torque Model 16
1.2.2 State Space Representation 16
1.2.3 State Observer 17
1.2.4 Controller 18
1.3 Experimental Setup 19
1.3.1 Real-Time Platform 19
1.3.2 Rotor Position Measurement Design 20
1.3.3 Power Converter 22
1.4 Experimental Results 23
References 25
2 MASH Digital Delta--Sigma Modulator with Multi-Moduli 26
2.1 Introduction 26
2.2 Previous MASH Architectures 27
2.3 The Adequacy and Effect of the Multi-Modulus MASH-DDSM 28
2.3.1 The Suitability of the Multi-Modulus MASH-DDSM 29
2.3.2 The Effect of the Multi-Moduli on the Modulator Sequence Length 31
2.4 The Proposed Structure and Simulation Results 34
2.5 The Simulation Results 35
2.6 Conclusions 37
References 37
3 Sensorless PM-Drive Aspects 38
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Sensorless Control Mode 40
3.2.1 Nonlinear Motor Model 40
3.2.2 Simplified Block Diagram of Closed-Loop Control 42
3.2.3 Injected High Frequency Test Signals 42
3.3 Space Dependent Inductances 45
3.3.1 Set-Up for the Saturation Dependent Differential Inductances Evaluation 45
3.3.2 Saturation Dependent Differential and Main Synchronous Inductances 46
3.4 Conclusion 47
References 47
4 Design of Silicon Resonant Micro Accelerometer Based on Electrostatic Rigidity 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Operating Principle 50
4.3 Theory Analysis 51
4.4 Structure Design 54
4.5 Conclusion 56
References 56
5 Longer MEMS Switch Lifetime Using Novel Dual-Pulse Voltage Driver 58
5.1 Introduction 58
5.2 Dielectric Charging 59
5.3 Modeling of Dielectric Charging 60
5.3.1 Mathematical Model 60
5.3.2 Equivalent Circuit Model 62
5.4 Dual-Pulse Actuation Signal 63
5.5 Novel Dual-Pulse Actuation Signal 64
5.6 Experimental Setup 65
5.7 Conclusion 67
References 68
6 Optimal Control of Full Envelope Helicopter 69
6.1 Introduction 69
6.2 Manual Control of Helicopter 70
6.3 Mathematical Modelling of Helicopter 70
6.3.1 Coordinate Frames and Transformations 70
6.3.2 Dynamic Equations of Motion 71
6.3.3 Kinematic Equations 71
6.3.4 Force and Moments Acting on Helicopter 72
6.3.5 Trimming and Linearization 73
6.3.6 Obtaining the Stability Derivatives 73
6.4 Controller Design 74
6.4.1 State Feedback Controller 75
6.4.2 State Integrator 76
6.4.3 PI Controller 76
6.5 Simulations 76
6.5.1 Movement to Point 76
6.5.2 Movement Through Waypoints 76
6.6 Conclusion 78
References 79
7 Determination of Consistent Induction Motor Parameters 80
7.1 Introduction 80
7.2 Power Balance 81
7.3 Determination of Parameters 83
7.3.1 Measurement or Estimation of Core Losses 83
7.3.2 Measurement or Estimation of Friction Losses 84
7.3.3 Calculation of Stray-Load Losses 84
7.3.4 Estimation of Stator Resistance 84
7.3.5 Measurement or Estimation of No Load Current 85
7.3.6 Determination of Stator Inductance 86
7.3.7 Determination of Stray Factor and Rotor Time Constant 86
7.3.8 Determining Magnetizing Inductance, Rotor Inductance and Rotor Resistance 87
7.4 Measurement and Calculation Results 88
7.5 Conclusions 89
References 89
8 Broken Rotor Bars in Squirrel Cage Induction Machines -- Modeling and Simulation 90
8.1 Introduction 90
8.2 Model of Stator Winding 91
8.3 Model of Rotor Winding 92
8.4 Torque Equation 94
8.5 Theoretical Background of Rotor Faults 94
8.6 Investigated Machine 95
8.7 Simulation Results 96
8.8 Measurement Results 98
8.9 Rotor Fault Detection Methods 99
8.10 Conclusions 100
References 100
9 Different Designs of Large Chipper Drives 101
9.1 Introduction 101
9.1.1 Slip Ring Motor with Rotor Rheostat 102
9.1.2 Speed Controlled Squirrel Cage Motor with Inverter 102
9.1.3 Technical Data 103
9.2 Simulation Models 103
9.2.1 Slip Ring Motor with Additional Rotor Resistances 105
9.2.2 Speed Controller Squirrel Cage Motor with Inverter 107
9.3 Simulation Results 109
9.3.1 Slip Ring Motor 110
9.3.2 Squirrel Cage Motor 110
9.4 Conclusions 111
References 112
10 Macro Cell Placement: Based on a Force Directed Flow 113
10.1 Introduction 113
10.2 Placement Tools 114
10.3 Standard Cells Versus Macro-cells 115
10.4 Force Directed Graph Drawing Algorithms 116
10.5 Implementation Details 118
10.5.1 Non-zero Size Vertices Implementation 119
10.5.2 Fixed Node Support 120
10.5.3 Input/Output Format 120
10.6 Experimentation and Results 121
10.7 Future Work and Conclusion 122
References 123
11 Surface Roughness Scattering in MOS Structures 124
11.1 Introduction 124
11.2 Physics of the Problem 125
11.3 Associated Scattering Potentials 126
11.4 Relative Strength of the Scattering Potentials 129
11.5 Remote Surface Roughness Scattering 129
11.5.1 Observed Trend in RSR Mobility 133
References 134
12 A Novel Transform Domain Based Hybrid Recurrent Neural Equaliser for Digital Communication Channel 135
12.1 Introduction 135
12.2 Proposed Hybrid Recurrent Neural Equaliser 137
12.2.1 Training Algorithm of Hybrid Neural Structure 137
12.3 Simulation Study and Discussions 141
12.4 Conclusion 145
References 145
13 Embedding Interconnection Networks in Crossed Cubes 146
13.1 Introduction 146
13.2 Definitions and Notations 147
13.3 Embedding Complete Binary Trees 149
13.4 Embedding Complete Quad Trees 150
13.5 Embedding Cycles 151
13.6 Conclusions and Future Work 155
References 155
14 Software Fault Tolerance: An Aspect Oriented Approach 157
14.1 Introduction 157
14.2 ROC Plausibility Based Error Detection and Recovery 158
14.3 Aspect Oriented Exception Handling Patterns 159
14.3.1 Error Detection and Exception Throwing Aspect 161
14.3.2 ROC Plausibility Check Aspect 162
14.3.3 Catcher Handler Aspect 162
14.3.4 Dynamics of Cather Handler Aspect 162
14.4 Case Study 164
14.5 Result and Discussion 164
14.6 Conclusions and Future Work 167
References 168
15 An Adaptive Multibiometric System for Uncertain Audio Condition 169
15.1 Introduction 169
15.2 Support Vector Machine Classifier 172
15.3 Visual Front-End Subsystem 173
15.4 Audio Front-End Subsystem 174
15.5 Fusion System Implementation 175
15.6 Results and Discussions 175
15.7 Conclusions 179
References 180
16 Analysis of Performance Impact due to Hardware Virtualization Using a Purely Hardware-Assisted VMM 182
16.1 Introduction 182
16.2 Hardware Virtualization 183
16.2.1 86 Architectural Limitations 183
16.2.2 AMD SVM Architectural Extensions 184
16.3 The Hardware-Assisted Virtual Machine Monitor 185
16.3.1 HVMM Design 185
16.3.2 HVMM Implementation 188
16.4 Performance Analysis 189
16.4.1 Test Setup 189
16.4.2 Analysis 189
16.5 Conclusion 190
16.6 Future Works 191
References 191
17 Metrics-Driven Software Quality Prediction Without Prior Fault Data 192
17.1 Introduction 193
17.2 Related Work 195
17.3 Clustering 196
17.3.1 Clustering Basics 196
17.3.2 Clustering Algorithms 197
17.3.2.1 K-Means 197
17.3.2.2 X-Means 197
17.4 Empirical Case Studies 198
17.4.1 Performance Evaluation Parameters 198
17.4.2 Results and Analysis 199
17.5 Conclusion and Future Work 201
References 202
18 Models of Computation for Heterogeneous Embedded Systems 203
18.1 Introduction 204
18.1.1 Embedded Systems 204
18.2 System Level Design 204
18.2.1 System Level Design Approaches 205
18.3 Hardware/Software Co-design 205
18.3.1 Specification and Modeling 206
18.3.2 Design and Refinement 206
18.3.3 Validation 206
18.4 Specification and Modeling 207
18.4.1 Models of Computation 207
18.4.1.1 Finite State Machines (FSM) 207
18.4.1.2 Discrete-Event Systems 208
18.4.1.3 Petri Nets 208
18.4.1.4 Data Flow Graphs 209
18.4.1.5 Synchronous/Reactive Models 209
18.4.1.6 Heterogeneous Models 209
18.4.2 Comparison of Models of Computation 210
18.4.3 Specification Languages 210
18.4.3.1 Formal Description Languages 210
18.4.3.2 Real Time Languages 210
18.4.3.3 Hardware Description Languages (HDL) 212
18.4.3.4 System Level Design Languages (SLDL) 212
18.4.4 Requirements for Specification Languages 214
References 214
19 A Quotient-Graph for the Analysis of Reflective Petri Nets 216
19.1 Introduction 216
19.2 WN's Basic Notions 217
19.2.1 The Symbolic Marking 218
19.3 Reflective Petri Nets Layout 218
19.4 State-Transition Semantics for Reflective Nets 220
19.4.1 Handling Equivalent Evolutions 221
19.5 The Dynamic Philosophers Example 222
19.6 Related Works 224
19.7 Conclusions and Future Work 225
References 226
20 Using Xilinx System Generator for Real Time Hardware Co-simulation of Video Processing System 227
20.1 Introduction 227
20.2 Design Methodology for Implementation on FPGA with Xilinx System Generator 228
20.3 Study Case: Color Space Conversion RGB to YCbCr 230
20.3.1 Overwiew 230
20.3.2 YCbCr Color Model 231
20.4 Implementation Results, Simulation and Comparisons 231
20.4.1 Hardware Co-simulation 231
20.4.2 Simulation 232
20.5 Discussion 234
References 235
21 Perception-Based Road Traffic Congestion Classification Using Neural Networks and Decision Tree 237
21.1 Introduction 238
21.2 Review Work of the Road Traffic Congestion Estimation 239
21.3 Methodology 239
21.3.1 Data Collection and Tools 239
21.3.2 Data Classification 241
21.4 Results and Evaluations 242
21.4.1 Performance Evaluations 242
21.4.2 Evaluations with the Existing System 244
21.5 Conclusion 247
References 247
22 RDFa Ontology-Based Architecture for String-Based Web Attacks: Testing and Evaluation 249
22.1 Introduction 249
22.1.1 Data Validation Process 250
22.2 Related Work 250
22.3 NDVS Design 251
22.3.1 Functional Overview 252
22.3.2 Overview of the Framework Architecture 253
22.3.3 Case Study 255
22.4 Implementation and Evaluation of NDVS 256
22.4.1 Case Study: Security Objective 256
22.4.2 End-to-End Performance Evaluation 257
22.5 Summary 258
References 258
23 Classification of Road Traffic Congestion Levels from Vehicle's Moving Patterns: A Comparison Between Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree Algorithm 260
23.1 Introduction 260
23.2 Related Works 261
23.3 Methodology 262
23.3.1 Collection of Empirical Data 262
23.3.2 Data Preparation 263
23.3.2.1 Smoothening Out Instantaneous Velocity 263
23.3.2.2 Extracting Vehicle's Moving Patterns 264
23.3.2.3 Balancing Class Distributions 266
23.3.3 Data Classifications 266
23.4 Results and Evaluations 267
23.4.1 Classification Model 267
23.4.2 Performance Evaluations 267
23.5 Conclusion 269
References 270
24 Fuzzy Parameters and Cutting Forces Optimization via Genetic Algorithm Approach 271
24.1 Introduction 271
24.2 Genetic Algorithm Optimization Methodology Approach 272
24.3 Synthesizing Process of Analytic Fuzzy Logic Controller 275
24.4 Parameter Optimization Procedure 276
24.5 Experiments and Results 277
24.6 Cutting Forces Optimization via Genetic Algorithm 279
24.7 Conclusion 280
References 281
25 Encoding Data to Use with a Sparse Distributed Memory 283
25.1 Introduction 283
25.2 Sparse Distributed Memories 284
25.3 Experimental Setup 285
25.4 Practical Problems 286
25.5 Binary Codes and Distances 287
25.5.1 Sorting the Bytes 288
25.5.2 Using a Sum-Code 289
25.6 Tests and Results 290
25.6.1 Results 290
25.6.2 Analysis of the Results 291
25.7 Conclusions and Future Work 292
References 293
26 A Proposal for Integrating Formal Logic and Artificial Neural Systems: A Practical Exploration 294
26.1 Introduction 294
26.2 Constructive Type Theory 295
26.3 The Theoretical Framework 295
26.4 The Prototype 297
26.5 A Feedforward Neural Network 299
26.6 Forecasting the Dover Tides 300
26.7 A Self Organising Map 302
26.8 Conclusion 304
References 304
27 A Clustering Application in Portfolio Management 306
27.1 Introduction 306
27.2 The Asset Allocation Model 307
27.2.1 The Optimization Problem 307
27.2.2 Asset Allocation Methods 309
27.2.2.1 The 1/ Allocation 309
27.2.2.2 The Markowitz MVP Allocation 310
27.2.2.3 The Modified Tobin Tangency Allocation 310
27.2.3 The Optimization Method 310
27.2.4 Data and Performance Indicators 312
27.3 Computational Results 313
27.3.1 Portfolio Instability 313
27.3.2 Sharpe Ratios and Return Distribution 314
27.3.3 Cluster Properties: the Sharpe Ratio and the Euclidean Distance 315
27.4 Conclusion 317
References 318
28 Building an Expert System for HIV and Aids Information 319
28.1 Introduction 319
28.2 Health Expert Systems 321
28.3 HIV and Aids Expert System 323
28.4 Development of the System 324
28.5 System Interactivity 327
28.6 Conclusion 328
References 329
29 A Multi-Objective Approach to Generate an Optimal Management Plan in an IMS-QSE 330
29.1 Introduction 331
29.2 A Brief Recall on the New Process-Based Approach 332
29.3 A Multi-Objective Approach for a QSE Management Plan 333
29.3.1 Bow Tie Method 334
29.3.2 Multi-Objective Influence Diagrams 335
29.3.3 Transformation of Bow Ties into a MID 337
29.4 Case Study 339
29.5 Conclusion 340
References 342
30 Topological Spatial Relations for Circular Spatially Extended Points: An Overview 343
30.1 Introduction 343
30.2 Qualitative Spatial Reasoning 345
30.2.1 Direction Spatial Relations 345
30.2.2 Distance Spatial Relations 346
30.2.3 Topological Spatial Relations 346
30.3 Topological Spatial Relations Between a CSEP and a Region 346
30.4 Topological Spatial Relations Between a CSEP and a Line 348
30.5 Topological Spatial Relations Between Two CSEPS 349
30.6 Conclusion 351
References 353
31 Spatial Neighbors for Topological Spatial Relations: The Case of a Circular Spatially Extended Point 354
31.1 Introduction 354
31.2 Conceptual Neighborhood Graphs: Snapshot Model 355
31.3 Conceptual Neighborhood Graph: A CSEP and a Region 356
31.4 Conceptual Neighborhood Graph: A CSEP and a Line 359
31.5 Conceptual Neighborhood Graph: Two CSEPS 362
31.6 Conclusion 363
References 364
32 Multi-Agent Exploration Inside Structural Collapses 366
32.1 Introduction 366
32.2 Converting Real World to Simulated World 367
32.3 Simulated Agent Tasks 370
32.4 Simulated 2D Search Field 371
32.5 Discriminative Index 372
32.6 Validation 374
32.7 Discussion 375
References 375
33 Diagnostic Problem Solving by Means of Neuro-Fuzzy Learning, Genetic Algorithm and Chaos Theory Principles Applying 377
33.1 Introduction 377
33.2 A Mamdani Neuro-Fuzzy Network Module 379
33.3 Problem Solving by Means of Chaos Theory Principles 381
33.4 Obtained Results 385
33.5 Conclusion 386
References 387
34 The New Measure of Robust Principal Component Analysis 388
34.1 Introduction 388
34.2 The Classical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 390
34.3 The Robust PCA Using Minimum Vector Variance (MVV) 392
34.4 The Performance of MVV Robust PCA 396
34.4.1 The Clustering Flower Images 396
34.4.2 The Identification of Anomalous Data in High and Large Dimension 396
34.4.3 The Computation Time of MVV Robust PCA 397
34.5 Conclusion 398
References 398
35 The Affects of Demographics Differentiations on Authorship Identification 400
35.1 Introduction 400
35.2 Related Work 401
35.3 Feature Set 402
35.4 Framework 403
35.5 Results 404
35.5.1 Demographics Differentiations 405
35.5.1.1 Personality 405
35.5.1.2 Gender and Age 406
35.6 Conclusion 407
References 408
36 Anonymous ID Assignment and Opt-Out 409
36.1 Introduction 409
36.2 Anonymous ID Assignment Algorithms 411
36.2.1 AIDA-H -- Using Edge-Distjoint Hamiltonian Cycles 411
36.2.2 AIDA-D -- Decentralized Anonymous Algorithm 412
36.3 Performance Analysis 413
36.4 Anonymous ID Assignment and Opt-Out 415
36.5 Concluding Remarks 418
References 421
37 Clustering Biological Data Using Enhanced k-Means Algorithm 422
37.1 Introduction 422
37.2 k-Means Clustering Algorithm 423
37.3 Literature Survey 424
37.4 Proposed Method 425
37.5 Computational Complexity 427
37.6 Experimental Results 428
37.7 Conclusion 428
References 430
38 The Ornstein--Uhlenbeck Processes Driven by Lévy Process and Application to Finance 432
38.1 Introduction 432
38.2 Levy Processes 433
38.3 Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Processes 435
38.4 The Modelling of Data 439
38.5 Conclusion 441
References 441
39 Discrete Orthogonality of Zernike Functionsand Its Application to Corneal Measurements 443
39.1 Introduction 443
39.1.1 Zernike Functions 444
39.1.2 Zernike Functions in Ophthalmology 447
39.1.2.1 Corneal Measurements and Modelling Corneal Surface 447
39.1.2.2 Utilizing Discrete Orthogonality 448
39.2 Continuous Zernike Functions 449
39.3 Discretization of Zernike Functions 451
39.4 Computing the Discrete Zernike Coefficients 453
39.5 Conclusions and Future Work 456
References 457
40 A New Scheme for Land Cover Classification in Aerial Images: Combining Extended Dependency Tree-HMM and Unsupervised Segmentation 458
40.1 Introduction 458
40.2 Extended Dependency Tree-Hidden Markov Models 460
40.2.1 EDT-HMM Overview 460
40.3 Classification Scheme 462
40.3.1 Image Unsupervised Segmentation 463
40.3.2 Window Size Computation 464
40.3.3 Image Pre-classification 465
40.3.4 Classification Correction 466
40.4 Experimentation 467
40.4.1 Data Overview 467
40.4.2 Learning Database 467
40.4.3 Mono-class Images Generation 467
40.4.4 Experimental Results 467
40.5 Conclusion 469
References 469
41 Applying View Models in SOA: A Case Study 470
41.1 Introduction 470
41.2 View Models 471
41.3 Case Study for LD-Cast 473
41.3.1 Applying the ``4+1'' View Model 473
41.3.2 Applying SOA Specific Models 476
41.3.2.1 Service Views 476
41.3.2.2 The BDC View Model 477
41.3.3 Useful Elements from Other View Models 478
41.3.3.1 RM-ODP, the Perspectives for Distributed Processing 478
41.3.3.2 The SEI Viewpoint Model: ``Views and Beyond'' 479
References 479
42 Optimal Sample Number for Autonomous and Central Wireless Sensor Actuator Network 481
42.1 Introduction 482
42.2 Sample Frequency Calculation 484
42.3 Sample Number Selection 488
42.3.1 Central Network 489
42.3.2 Autonomous Network 490
References 491
43 WI-FI Point-to-Point Links: Performance Aspects of IEEE 802.11a, b, g Laboratory Links 492
43.1 Introduction 492
43.2 Experimental Details 493
43.3 Results and Discussion 495
43.4 Conclusions 498
References 499
44 A Subnet Handover Scheme Based Communication System of Subway 500
44.1 Introduction 500
44.2 Related Work 501
44.3 Proposed Subnet Handover Scheme 502
44.3.1 Principle of Subnet Handover Scheme 502
44.3.2 Gateway Model on L3 STA 504
44.3.3 Dynamic NAP Scanning and Finding Model 504
44.3.4 The Reused Tunnel Model 505
44.4 The Subnet Based Communication System 506
44.4.1 The Vehicle Subsystem 506
44.4.2 The Trackside Subsystem 506
44.4.3 The Central Control Subsystem 507
44.4.4 The Roaming Subsystem 508
44.5 Performance Analysis 509
44.6 Conclusion 510
References 510
45 PROMESPAR: A High Performance Computing Implementation of the Regional Atmospheric Model PROMES 512
45.1 Introduction 512
45.2 The Regional Atmospheric Model PROMES 513
45.3 PROMESPAR: A Distributed Memory Implementation of PROMES 515
45.4 Experimental Results 517
45.5 Conclusion 520
References 521
46 Transparent Integration of a Low-Latency Linux Driver for Dolphin SCI and DX 524
46.1 Introduction 524
46.2 Dolphin's High-Speed Interconnects 526
46.2.1 Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) 526
46.2.2 Dolphin DX 526
46.2.3 Dolphin Software Stack 526
46.3 Architecture of ETHOM 527
46.3.1 Configuration 527
46.3.2 Connection Establishment 528
46.3.3 Communication Phase 529
46.4 Performance Evaluation 531
46.4.0.1 Latency 531
46.4.0.2 Bandwidth 531
46.5 Conclusions 533
References 534
47 Effect of Dyslipidemia on a Simple Morphological Feature Extracted from Photoplethysmography Flow Mediated Dilation 535
47.1 Introduction 535
47.1.1 Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction 536
47.1.2 Flow Mediated Dilation 536
47.2 Methods 537
47.2.1 Data Acquisition 537
47.2.2 Signal Processing 538
47.2.3 Feature Definition 539
47.3 Results 540
47.4 Conclusion 544
References 544
48 Study of the General Solution for the Two-Dimensional Electrical Impedance Equation 546
48.1 Introduction 546
48.2 Preliminaries 547
48.2.1 Elements of Applied Quaternionic Analysis 547
48.2.2 Elements of Applied Pseudoanalytic Function Theory 548
48.3 Quaternionic Reformulation of the Electrical Impedance Equation, and Its Relation with the Vekua Equation 552
48.3.1 The Two-Dimensional Case 552
48.3.2 Explicit Generating Sequence for the Case When Is a Separable-Variables Function 554
48.4 Conclusions 555
References 556
49 Biological Application of Widefield Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscope to Study Cell/Surface Interactions and the Effect of TGF-3, HCL and BSA/HCL on Cell Detachment Assay of Bone Cells Monolayer 558
49.1 Introduction 559
49.2 Aims and Objectives 560
49.3 Materials and Methods 560
49.4 Results and Discussion 561
49.4.1 WSPR Image Analyses 563
49.5 Statistical Analysis 565
49.6 Conclusions 565
References 565
50 Application of a Novel Widefield Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscope in Cell Imaging and Wound Closure Properties of TGF-3, BSA/HCl and HCl in Cultured Human Bone Cell Monolayer 567
50.1 Introduction 568
50.2 Aims and Objectives 569
50.3 Materials and Methods 569
50.3.1 Cell Culture 569
50.3.2 SP Substrate Preparation 569
50.3.3 Wound Healing 570
50.4 Results and Discussion 571
50.4.1 Cell Culture 571
50.4.2 Cell Behaviour and Morphology 574
50.4.3 WSPR Image Analyses 575
50.5 Statistical Analysis 575
50.6 Conclusions 575
References 577
51 Speech Rehabilitation Methods for Laryngectomised Patients 578
51.1 Introduction 579
51.2 Current Methods of Speech Rehabilitation 580
51.2.1 Oesophageal Speech 580
51.2.2 Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP) 580
51.2.3 Electrolarynx 581
51.3 Whispered and Phonated Speech 581
51.4 Speech Regeneration 583
51.5 Summary 587
References 587
52 Study of the Tip Surface Morphology of GlassMicropipettes and Its Effects on Giga-Seal Formation 589
52.1 Introduction 590
52.2 3D Reconstruction of Micropipette Tip 591
52.3 Focused Ion Beam Polishing 593
52.4 Patch Clamping Experiments 596
52.5 Discussions and Conclusions 598
References 598
53 Effect of Canned Cycles on Drilled Hole Quality 600
53.1 Introduction 600
53.2 Drilling Canned Cycle 601
53.3 Scope 602
53.4 Experimental Work 602
53.5 Results and Analysis 603
53.5.1 Diameter Error 603
53.5.2 Circularity 606
53.5.3 Surface Roughness 609
53.6 Concluding Remarks 611
References 611
54 Micro Machine Parts Fabricated from Aqueous Based Stainless Steel Slurry 613
54.1 Introduction 613
54.2 SU-8 Master Moulds and Their Negative Replicas 614
54.3 Preparing Stainless Steel Slurry 615
54.4 De-binding and Sintering 616
54.5 Results and Discussions 616
54.5.1 Optimization of the Slurry Properties 616
54.5.2 Green Micro Parts 618
54.5.3 Sintered Micro Components 618
54.5.4 Density of the Sintered Parts 618
54.6 Conclusions 620
References 621
55 Voxel-Based Component Description for Functional Graded Parts 622
55.1 Introduction 622
55.2 Concept of the Work 625
55.3 Procedure Model 625
55.3.1 Component Construction 625
55.3.2 Determination of the Requirements 626
55.3.3 Voxelisation of the Component Model 627
55.3.4 Allocation of the Component Properties 628
55.3.5 Interpolation of the Properties 628
55.4 Prototype of the Voxelisation Tool 629
55.5 Prospect 631
55.6 Conclusion 631
References 632
56 A Multi-Parametric Analysis of Drift Flux Models to Pipeline Applications 633
56.1 Introduction 633
56.2 Application to a Vertical Pipe Considering the Buoyancy Effect 634
56.3 Drift Flux Models as Applied to Wear Rate in Horizontal Pipelines 638
56.3.1 The Continuous Model 639
56.3.2 Particle Equation of Motion 640
56.3.3 The Erosion Prediction Equation 642
56.4 Conclusion 642
References 642
57 Influence of Preventive Maintenance Frequency on Manufacturing Systems Performances 644
57.1 Introduction 644
57.2 Economic Optimization of Preventive Maintenance Schedule 645
57.3 Queueing Models for Unreliable Machines 646
57.3.1 Model I 647
57.3.1.1 Model Ia 648
57.3.1.2 Model Ib 649
57.3.2 Model II 649
57.4 Analysis Results 650
57.5 Conclusion 654
References 654
58 On the Numerical Prediction of Stability in Thin Wall Machining 656
58.1 Introduction 656
58.2 Application of the Nyquist Criterion 659
58.3 System's Transfer Function 660
58.3.1 Damping Ratio Prediction 661
58.3.2 Damping Matrix 663
58.3.3 Examples 663
References 665
59 Risk Analysis of ERP Projects in the Manufacturing SMES: Case Study 666
59.1 Introduction 666
59.2 Risks in ERP Systems 668
59.2.1 Main Characteristics of ERP Projects 668
59.2.2 Risk Factors 668
59.3 Risk Management Tools 670
59.3.1 Risk Analysis Method 670
59.3.2 Characteristics Analysis Method 670
59.4 Case Study 671
59.4.1 Company A 672
59.4.2 Company B 673
59.5 Conclusion 674
References 674
60 Sleeping in Sitting Posture Analysis of Economy Class Aircraft Passenger 677
60.1 Introduction 677
60.2 Aircraft Seat 678
60.3 Relationship of Subjective Method to Comfort and Discomfort 679
60.4 Relationship of Objective Method to Comfort and Discomfort 680
60.5 Sleeping Posture Analysis 680
60.5.1 Observation on Sleeping Posture 681
60.5.2 Objective Analysis on Sitting Posture While Sleeping 681
60.6 Conclusion 684
References 686
61 A Scheduling Method for Cranes in a Container Yard with Inter-Crane Interference 688
61.1 Introduction 688
61.2 Model Development 691
61.3 Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search 693
61.3.1 Representation 694
61.3.2 Fitness Evaluation and Selection Operation 694
61.3.3 Tabu Search Crossover (TSC) Operation 695
61.3.4 Tabu Search Mutation (TSM) operation 695
61.4 Computation Results 696
61.4.1 Comparison with Branch and Bound Algorithm 696
61.4.2 Comparison with Genetic Algorithm 697
61.5 Conclusion 698
References 698

Textauszug

"Chapter 14 Software Fault Tolerance: An Aspect Oriented Approach (p. 153-154)

Kashif Hameed, RobWilliams, and Jim Smith

Abstract Software fault tolerance demands additional tasks like error detection and recovery through executable assertions, exception handling, diversity and redundancy based mechanisms. These mechanisms do not come for free; rather they introduce additional complexity to the core functionality. This paper presents light weight error detection and recovery mechanisms based on the rate of change in signal or data values. Maximum instantaneous and mean rates are used as plausibility checks to detect erroneous states and recover. These plausibility checks are exercised in a novel aspect oriented software fault tolerant design framework that reduces the additional logical complexity. A Lego NXT Robot based case study has been completed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design framework.

Keywords Aspect oriented design and programming - executable assertions - exception handling - fault tolerance - plausibility checks

14.1 Introduction

Adding fault tolerance measures to safety critical and mission critical applications introduces additional complexity to the core application. By incorporating handler code, for error detection, checkpointing, exception handling, and redundancy/ diversity management, the additional complexity may adversely affect the dependability of a safety critical or mission critical system. One of the solutions to reduce this complexity is to separate and modularize the extra, cross-cutting concerns from the true functionality. At the level of design and programming, several approaches have been utilized that aim at separating functional and non-functional aspects.

Component level approach like IFTC [1], computational reflection and meta-object protocol based MOP [2] have shown that dependability issues can be implemented independently of functional requirements. The evolving area of Aspect-Oriented Programming & Design (AOP&D) presents the same level of independence by supporting the modularized implementation of crosscutting concerns. Aspect-oriented language extensions, like AspectJ [3] and AspectCCC [4] provide mechanisms like Advice (behavioural and structural changes) that may be applied by a pre-processor at specific locations in the program called join point.

These are designated by pointcut expressions. In addition to that, static and dynamic modifications to a program are incorporated by slices which can affect the static structure of classes and functions. In the context of fault tolerance, an induced fault can activate an error that changes the behaviour of the program and may lead to system failure. In order to tolerate a fault, abnormal behaviour must be detected and transformed back by introducing additional behaviour changes (Exception Handler) or alternate structure adoption (Recovery Blocks, N-Version Programming) strategies."

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.4.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 500 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Software Entwicklung
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Weitere Themen ► Hardware
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Artificial Intelligence • classification • Computational Biology • Computing Technology • Design • Electronic Engineering • Industrial Applications • Linux • Modeling • Simulation
• ISBN-13: 9789048187768 / 9789048187768