1
Life in Cloppenburg
Ruth Heinemann (nee Simon) was born at home with the help of a midwife on February 25, 1925 (
Figure 1-1). She was the second of four daughters that Karl and Selma
(nee Katz) Simon would welcome to their family. Edith, Ruth’s older sister, had been delivered in the same manner in their home in Cloppenburg, Germany a little over two and a half years earlier.
The younger daughters, Hildegard and Ilse, were born in a nearby hospital in the town of Quakenbruck. Hilde was just fifteen months younger than Ruth, and Ilse was two years younger than Hilde. Little Ilse completed their family upon her arrival on March 8, 1928.
Karl and Selma had come from much larger families—they each had six siblings and was the oldest child in their family. Karl was raised in Werlte (pronounced Velta), and Selma in the town of Bad Arolsen, which was some six hours away. They might never have met had Karl’s little sister, Else, not been looking out for him. Else met Selma in a third community, where they became friends at the finishing school they both attended. She introduced Selma to her big brother Karl, and they were married on November 25, 1918 in Selma’s hometown.
Figure 1-1. Formal picture of Ruth’s mother, Selma Simon, with Ruth age 9 months and Edith age 3 and half, circa 1925.
Karl’s father, Simon Simon, had a general store in Werlte, in addition to being a horse and cattle dealer (
Figure 1-2). Karl’s mother, Sophie Frank, and he had known each other for several years before they started courting.
Each spring the town of Wertle conducted an annual festival called Schutzenfest. One year as a young lad, Simon was chosen to be the King of the festival, which entitled him to pick a young maiden to be his Queen.
He chose Sophie, and it wasn’t too long after the festival that the King and Queen became engaged and were married!
Selma’s parents were Jacob and Ida (
nee Schartenberg) Katz, and Selma’s father traded and sold horses as well (
Figure 1-3). They were quite successful, as were Karl’s parents. In fact, Jacob supplied the Principality of Arolsen (which had a castle in the town and a Prince living in it) with the horses they required. Jacob also sold his steeds to many businesses and farmers throughout his community.
Figure 1-2. Formal picture of Simon Simon’s immediate family. Seated (l-r): Simon Simon, Emilie (Milly), Sophie; Standing (l-r): Else, Karl, Rika, Fritz, Leser, and Helene.
Figure 1-3. Formal picture of Jacob Katz’s immediate family. Seated (l-r): Ida, Else, Jacob, Max; Standing (l-r): Siegfried, Helene, Selma, Martha, and Meinhard
Shortly after Karl and Selma’s marriage (
Figure 1-4), the two of them decided to move to a small town called Cloppenburg so Karl could take up cattle and horse dealing on his own. Cloppenburg lies in the Lower Saxony region, about 150 miles from the German border with Holland. It was mostly an agricultural community and was predominantly Catholic. However, there were eventually nine Jewish families that settled in the town, and they were able to build a Conservative synagogue and operate their own Jewish cemetery.
Figure 1-4. The 1918 formal engagement portrait of Selma Katz.
Karl became a prosperous livestock dealer and was considered one of the finest gentlemen and businessmen in his field. He was a kind, honest, and well-respected man. Selma was a homemaker and ran the family’s household very efficiently. She was also the disciplinarian of the family.
Ruth describes her siblings in this manner when they were children, all living in the same household together. Edith, the eldest, was a beautiful, tall, blonde, blue-eyed girl and looked more German than any of her sisters. She was fairly studious and very sweet. She had her own friends and didn’t pay that much attention to her younger sisters. But, it was nice to know that she could be counted on if Ruth needed her advice or just to talk to.
Hilde, almost her “Irish” twin, was a good student and had a lot of common sense. She loved to play, but she was somewhat quiet and shy. There seemed to be some rivalry between the two. Each one of the middle daughters vied for attention among the other family members, so there were disagreements between them now and then.
Ilse, Ruth recalls, was a bit of a tomboy. She liked to climb trees and didn’t worry too much about being ladylike. She was the “little sister”. She didn’t like thinking of herself in those terms though. She loved to hang out with her older sisters and be included in their activities.
It was quite a lively household. They had a nursemaid for a while when the girls were younger. Edith and Ilse each had their own rooms and the two middle ones, Hilde and Ruth, shared a bedroom.
They had a butcher who would come about once or twice a month to “kosher” meat and wursts. On occasion, there was one customer and his son that would spend the night because they came from a great distance to purchase horses, and had become personal favorites of Karl’s. They were the Kellers; Max was the father and Joseph, the son.
The Jewish Sabbath begins at sundown on Friday, so on Saturday mornings the Simon family would attend services at their local synagogue. Then, often after an afternoon nap, their father would treat the girls to candy or ice cream. Karl would load the girls up in a carriage or maybe walk with them to a nearby store. Ruth and her sisters loved spending time with their father, who was easy going and fun to be around.
Ruth would sometimes go for a walk with one of her mother’s friends on Sunday. Her companion would tell Ruth frequently that “she could do anything she set her mind to doing”. On one occasion, the two of them happened to stroll by a construction site and Ruth said to her elder, “You said I could do anything, but I couldn’t build a house like that!” Ruth said she must have caught the woman off guard because she did not have a reply. Ruth learned to speak her mind from that incident, and most of the time it served her well.
Before the Nazis came to power, Ruth and her sisters led a normal life for young German girls growing up in their town. They attended a local parochial school ten minutes from their home, had many friends, and enjoyed a full family life. They wore little blue and white uniforms.
The school was taught by nuns, was well run, and had a fine reputation. It was considered one of the best schools in the region, and Hilde and Ruth walked to school together despite the fact that they were in different grades. There was a path behind their house that they would follow right to the school. Ilse would walk by herself to her classes later in the morning, and Edith went separately with some of her classmates. The girls were welcomed despite their Jewish faith. The administration did not require them to take religious instruction. The Simon sisters attended Hebrew School at their local synagogue, but occasionally they would visit other Jewish communities.
One winter’s day when Ruth was about nine, the girls were treated to a ride through the snow on a large sleigh pulled by horses. She recalls they were all bundled up in blankets and their Stableman, Louie Averback, drove them to visit their father’s cousin and family in Quakenbruck. There was a much larger Jewish population in that town, and they had such a good time singing Chanukah songs and lighting the menorah in the synagogue’s social hall.
Ruth and Hilde loved horses. Since there were many in their father’s stable, their father allowed his daughters to have a special one to ride on occasion, with permission. The horse was called Fuchs (pronounced “fooks”). He was a gentle soul and they treated him to lots of carrots and apples.
One day when Ruth was about 10 years of age, Louie had come home from a business trip. She met him at the stable door and asked if she could put away the horse and carriage for him. He said, “Sure” Then Ruth got the idea that instead of unharnessing the horse and so forth, that she would take a quick ride by herself. So, she climbed aboard the carriage and off she went. In the recesses of her mind, she must have known she was going to get in trouble for doing it, so her conscience got the better of her at the end of her street. She turned around and headed back to the stable. Louie was looking for her when she arrived and was not happy. He never told her parents about the incident so she didn’t get in “hot water”, but it reflects her determination to do things on her own terms when it suited her.
Ruth and Hilde were frequently dressed alike as children because they were so close in age. Her mother would sometimes take Ruth into Oldenburg, the city closest to them, for doctors’ appointments and then to look at dresses in the shops along the avenue. Selma would occasionally buy her second oldest a dress in one of those establishments and then search for similar material to have a seamstress make sister dresses for the rest of the girls.
The dressmaker came twice a year to their home, where she would stay with them for a week. The talented young woman enjoyed visiting with the Simons, and the evidence of her work can be seen in several photographs of the girls throughout this book and on the...