Baker's Dozen (eBook)

Real Analog Solutions for Digital Designers

Bonnie Baker (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 1. Auflage
368 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-047599-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This book has been written to help digital engineers who need a few basic analog tools in their toolbox. For practicing digital engineers, students, educators and hands-on managers who are looking for the analog foundation they need to handle their daily engineering problems, this will serve as a valuable reference to the nuts-and-bolts of system analog design in a digital world.

This book is a hands-on designer's guide to the most important topics in analog electronics-such as Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog conversion, operational amplifiers, filters, and integrating analog and digital systems. The presentation is tailored for engineers who are primarily experienced and/or educated in digital circuit design. This book will teach such readers how to think analog when it is the best solution to their problem. Special attention is also given to fundamental topics, such as noise and how to use analog test and measurement equipment, that are often ignored in other analog titles aimed at professional engineers.

* Extensive use of case-histories and real design examples.

* Offers digital designers the right analog tool for the job at hand.

* Conversational, annecdotal tone is very easily accessible by students and practitioners alike.

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This book has been written to help digital engineers who need a few basic analog tools in their toolbox. For practicing digital engineers, students, educators and hands-on managers who are looking for the analog foundation they need to handle their daily engineering problems, this will serve as a valuable reference to the nuts-and-bolts of system analog design in a digital world. This book is a hands-on designer's guide to the most important topics in analog electronics - such as Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog conversion, operational amplifiers, filters, and integrating analog and digital systems. The presentation is tailored for engineers who are primarily experienced and/or educated in digital circuit design. This book will teach such readers how to "e;think analog"e; when it is the best solution to their problem. Special attention is also given to fundamental topics, such as noise and how to use analog test and measurement equipment, that are often ignored in other analog titles aimed at professional engineers. Extensive use of case-histories and real design examples Offers digital designers the right analog "e;tool"e; for the job at hand Conversational, annecdotal "e;tone"e; is very easily accessible by students and practitioners alike

Inhalt

Cover 1
Prelims 2
Contents 6
Preface 10
Acknowledgments 12
About the author 14
Chapter 1: Bridging the Gap Between Analog and Digital 16
Try to Measure Temperature Digitally 21
Road Blocks Abound 23
The Ultimate Key to Analog Success 29
How Analog and Digital Design Differ 30
Time and Its Inversion 35
Organizing Your Toolbox 36
Set Your Foundation and Move On, Out of the Box 37
Chapter 1 References 38
Chapter 2: The Basics Behind Analog-to-Digital Converters 40
The Key Specifications of Your ADC 43
Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Converters 55
Sigma-Delta (S-.) Converters 61
Conclusion 74
Chapter 2 References 75
Chapter 3: The Right ADC for the Right Application 78
Classes of Input Signals 80
Using an RTD for Temperature Sensing: SAR Converter or Sigma-Delta Solution? 87
RTD Signal Conditioning Path Using the Sigma-Delta ADC 91
Measuring Pressure: SAR Converter or Sigma-Delta Solution? 92
The Pressure Sensor Signal Conditioning Path Using a SAR ADC 94
Pressure Sensor Signal Conditioning Path Using a Sigma-Delta ADC 95
Photodiode Applications 96
Photosensing Signal Conditioning Path Using a SAR ADC 96
Photosensing Signal Conditioning Path Using a Sigma-Delta ADC 97
Motor Control Solutions 98
Conclusion 103
Chapter 3 References 104
Chapter 4: Do I Filter Now, Later or Never? 106
Key Low-Pass Analog Filter Design Parameters 110
Anti-Aliasing Filter Theory 118
Analog Filter Realization 120
How to Pick Your Operational Amplifier 123
Anti-Aliasing Filters for Near DC Analog Signals 124
Multiplexed Systems 127
Continuous Analog Signals 129
Matching the Anti-Aliasing Filter to the System 130
Chapter 4 References 131
Chapter 5: Finding the Perfect Op Amp for Your Perfect Circuit 132
Choose the Technology Wisely 136
Fundamental Operational Amplifier Circuits 137
Using these Fundamentals 144
Amplifier Design Pitfalls 146
Chapter 5 References 148
Chapter 6: Putting the Amp Into a Linear System 150
The Basics of Amplifier DC Operation 152
Every Amplifier is Waiting to Oscillate, and Every Oscillator is Waiting to Amplify 166
Determining System Stability 172
Time Domain Performance 176
Go Forth 178
Chapter 6 References 179
Chapter 7: SPICE of Life 180
The Old Pencil and Paper Design Process 187
Is Your Simulation Fundamentally Valid? 190
Macromodels: What Can They Do? 194
Concluding Remarks 198
Chapter 7 References 199
Chapter 8: Working the Analog Problem From the Digital Domain 200
Pulse Width Modulators (PWM) Used as a Digital-to-Analog Converter 203
Using the Comparator for Analog Conversions 209
Window Comparator 211
Combining the Comparator with a Timer 212
Using the Timer and Comparator to Build a Sigma-Delta A/D Converter 214
Conclusion 222
Chapter 8 References 223
Chapter 9: Systems Where Analog and Digital Work Together 224
Selecting the Right Battery Chemistry for Your Application 227
Taking the Battery Voltage to a Useful System Voltage 228
Defining Power Supply Efficiency 229
Comparing The Three Power Devices 234
What is the Best Solution for Battery-Operated Systems? 236
Designing Low-Power Microcontroller Systems is a State of Mind 237
Conclusion 243
Chapter 9 References 244
Chapter 10: Noise – The Three Categories: Device, Conducted and Emitted .. 246
Definitions of Noise Specifications and Terms 249
Device Noise 253
Conducted Noise 269
Chapter 10 References 275
Chapter 11: Layout/Grounding (Precision, High Speed and Digital) 276
The Similarities of Analog and Digital Layout Practices 278
Where the Domains Differ – Ground Planes Can Be a Problem 281
Where the Board and Component Parasitics Can Do the Most Damage 282
Layout Techniques That Improve ADC Accuracy and Resolution 289
The Art of Laying Out Two-Layer Boards 292
Current Return Paths With or Without a Ground Plane 296
Layout Tricks for a 12-Bit Sensing System 297
General Layout Guidelines – Device Placement 299
General Layout Guidelines – Ground and Power Supply Strategy 299
Signal Traces 302
Did I Say Bypass and Use an Anti-Aliasing Filter? 302
Bypass Capacitors 302
Anti-Aliasing Filters 303
PCB Design Checklist 303
Chapter 11 References 305
Chapter 12: The Trouble With Troubleshooting Your Mixed-Signal Designs Without the Right Tools 306
The Basic Tools for Your Troubleshooting Arsenal 308
You ask, “Does my Circuit A/D Converter Work?” 310
Power Supply Noise 313
Improper Use of Amplifiers 316
Don’t Miss the Details 318
Conclusion 320
Chapter 12 References 321
Chapter 13: Combining Digital and Analog in the Same Engineer, and on the Same Board 322
The Signal Chain to the Real World 324
Tools of the Trade 325
Throwing the Digital In With the Analog 329
Conclusion 333
Appendix A: Analog-to-Digital Converter Specification Definitions and Formulas 334
Appendix B: Reading FFTs 344
Reading the FFT Plot 346
Appendix C: Op Amp Specification Definitions and Formulas 352
Index 358

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.6.2005
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Kunst / Musik / Theater ► Design / Innenarchitektur / Mode
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-047599-X / 008047599X
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-047599-8 / 9780080475998