Breaking the Deadly Dance of Racism

Perpetrators, Targets, Allies, and Bystanders

Derald Wing Sue (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

400 Seiten

2026
John Wiley & Sons Inc (Verlag)
978-1-394-31090-6 (ISBN)

Inhalt

Preface xi

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE The Dance of Racism: Perpetrators, Targets, Bystanders, and White Allies 3

Challenge, Change, and Transformation: The Racial Revolution 5

The Rise of Whiteness and White Supremacy 6

Addressing Racism 9

Critical Consciousness 10

Self-Reckoning 16

Anti-Racism (Words and Deeds) 19

The Dance of Racism 25

The Dance Metaphor 25

Final Words 28

References 29

PART TWO: THE DANCERS

CHAPTER TWO Barriers to Perpetrator Awareness and Reparative Action 37

Overcoming Perpetrator Unawareness 39

Cognitive Barriers 40

Affective/Emotional Barriers 50

Behavioral Barriers 58

When Perpetrators Are Called Out 61

Strategies For Perpetrators To Break The Deadly Dance Of Racism 63

Conclusion 66

References 66

CHAPTER THREE Target Survival and Resilience: Overcoming Racism 73

The Prevalence of Racism Experienced by Targets: Who Are People of Color? 74

Discrimination Against African Americans 75

Discrimination Against Asian Americans 77

Discrimination Against Latinx (Hispanic) Americans 79

Discrimination Against Native Americans 81

Discrimination Against American Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African (AMENA) 83

Impact of Racism on People of Color 85

Microaggressive Harm to People of Color 86

Macroaggressive Harm to People of Color 87

The Consequences of Racial Trauma 89

Target Survival and Coping 93

Consciousness Raising 94

Self-Care Coping 95

Empowering for Action 98

References 100

CHAPTER FOUR Barriers to White Bystander Awareness and Anti-Racist Action 107

Forces Shaping Bystander Inaction or Action 108

The Bystander Effect: Silence and Inaction 109

Diffusion of Responsibility 110

Social Proof 111

Evaluation Apprehension 112

Costs/Benefits Explanation 113

Similarities and Relationships 114

The Racialization of Bystander Interventions 118

Conformity and Obedience to Authority 119

Isolation, Group Loyalty, Power, Secrecy, and Racism: Societal Implications 124

Everyday Racism and Microaggressions: Impact on Bystanders 128

Conclusions 136

References 137

CHAPTER FIVE Barriers to Ally Awareness: A Call for Courage 143

Aspirational Characteristics of White Allies 144

Demonstrate a Nuanced Understanding of Structural Racism and White Privilege 144

Enact a Continual Process of Self-Reflection About Their Positionality and Privilege 145

Experience a Sense of Responsibility to Use Their Racial Privilege to Facilitate Equity 145

Engage in Actions to Disrupt Individual and Structural Racism in Their Own Communities 146

Participate in Coalitions and Work in Solidarity with POC 146

Encounter Resistance, Prepare for Backlash, and Shore Up Resources to Persist 146

Potential Hazards of White Allyship: Reinforcing the Status Quo 147

Engaging in Superficial and Performative Gestures 147

Acting Paternalistically 148

Overidentifying with People of Color 149

Performative Allyship as a Starting Point? 150

Motivations for Ally Work 151

Childhood and Family Background 152

Critical Incidents or Turning Points 153

POC Perspectives of White Racial Justice Allies 154

White Allies Are Few and Far Between (Structural Barriers to Becoming an Ally) 156

The Emotional Labor of Allyship 158

Hesitancy to Act: White Ally Paralysis 160

Response Uncertainty 160

Fear of Punitive Consequences 161

Summary and Synthesis: The Hazards of White Racial Justice Allyship 162

How to Be an Effective White Ally: Strategies to Break the Dance 165

Educate Yourself 165

Engage in Continual Reflexivity and Personal Growth 166

Work in White Communities 166

Develop Meaningful Relationships with POC 167

Amplify POC Voices, Listen, and Decenter Whiteness 168

Move Beyond Intention to Action 168

Develop Self-Care

Strategies to Persist 169

Visualizing Sustained and Accountable White Allyship 170

Conclusion 171

References 171

PART THREE: SOCIAL, SYSTEMIC, AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES THAT FACILITATE RACISM

CHAPTER SIX The Deadly Dance of Racism: Symbiotic Roles, Scripts, and Ground Rules 181

Unintended Consequences of Silence and Inaction 183

False Consensus Effect 184

Social/Bias Contagion Effect 186

The Role Relationships in the Dance of Racism 189

Communication and Intervention Styles 191

Sincerity, Authenticity, and Trust 193

Cultural Scripts and Ground Rules in the Dance of Racism 197

Cultural Narratives (Storytelling) and Racial Scripts 198

Protecting Racism: Ground Rules for Racial Interactions 202

Conclusion 207

References 208

CHAPTER SEVEN Overcoming Cultural, Systemic, and Institutional Racism 215

Cultural Racism and White Supremacy 216

Whiteness and White Racial Superiority 217

Systemic, Structural, and Institutional Racism 219

Microaggressions and Macroaggressions: Distinctions and Focus 220

Microaggressions and Macroaggressions: The Myth of Meritocracy 224

Microaggressions and Macroaggressions: Standard Operating

Procedures (SOPs) 225

The Interlocking Relationship of Racism 226

Institutional and Cultural Change 228

Disarming Institutional Racism: General Guidelines 229

Cultural Racism and Societal Change: General Lessons 234

Conclusions—Looking Ahead 237

References 238

PART FOUR: ANTI-BIAS STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS TO CHALLENGE INDIVIDUAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND CULTURAL RACISM

CHAPTER EIGHT Microintervention Strategies to Disrupt, Diminish, and Dismantle Racism: Arming Targets, Bystanders, and White Allies 245

Microinterventions: What Are They? 247

Microinterventions 248

Strategies and Tactics to Combat Individual Microaggressions 253

Strategic Goal #1: Making the “Invisible” Visible 255

Strategic Goal #2: Disarm the Microaggression 264

Strategic Goal #3: Educate the Perpetrator 268

Strategic Goal #4: Seeking Outside Support and Validation 273

Conclusion 277

References 277

CHAPTER NINE Microintervention Strategies to Disrupt, Diminish, and Dismantle Systemic Racism (Macroaggressions): Arming Targets, Bystanders, and White Allies 281

The Current Political Climate and the Rise of Overt Racism 282

Systemic Racism and Macroaggressions: Threat, Intimidation, and Silencing of Dissent 283

Civil Courage: Resistance and Social Change 286

Strategies and Tactics to Combat Macroaggressions (Systemic Racism) 288

Strategic Goal #1: Making Macroaggressions Visible 289

Strategic Goal # 2: Challenging Macroaggressions through Education 294

Strategic Goal # 3: Challenging and Disarming Macroaggressions 297

Strategic Goal #4: Seeking External Support in Fighting Macroaggressions 304

References 308

CHAPTER TEN Racial Socialization and the Microprotections that Shape Antiracist Development 315

Applying Racial Microprotections: A Framework for Prevention 317

Learning Race: How Children Are Taught to Reproduce Social Hierarchies 318

Developmental Pathways for Understanding Race 318

The Myths that Undermine Antiracist Socialization 319

The Myth of Racial Colorblindness 319

The Myth of Exposure as Enough 320

The Myth That Talking About Race Causes Bias 320

Moving Beyond the Myths 320

The Science of Racial Socialization 321

Youth of Color: A Rich Tradition of Ethnic-Racial Socialization 322

White Racial Socialization: What We Know 323

The Urgency of Intentional WRS 324

Enacting Racial Microprotections: Foundational Practices for Antiracist Socialization 325

Foundational Practice 1: Be Purposeful—Commit to Your Own Racial Learning 326

Foundational Practice 2: Break the Silence—Don’t Avoid Race Talk 330

Foundational Practice 3: Make Race Talk Normative—Incorporate It Naturally 331

Foundational Practice 4: Practice and Role-Play—Build Racial Dialogue Fluency 333

Foundational Practice 5: Anticipate and Prepare—Script Responses to Common Racial Incidents 335

Foundational Practice 6: Take the Lead—Instigate Everyday Race Lessons 337

Foundational Practice 7: Recover from Mistakes—Model Imperfection and Growth 339

Foundational Practice 8: Validate and Reinforce—Reward Antiracist Actions 340

Summary 342

Systems-Level Opportunities: Extending Racial Microprotections Beyond the Home 343

Schools 343

Community Institutions 345

Media and Technology 345

Peer Networks and Youth Spaces 346

Conclusion: Reimagining the Future of Racial Socialization 347

References 347

Index 000

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.5.2026
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie
• ISBN-10: 1-394-31090-0 / 1394310900
• ISBN-13: 978-1-394-31090-6 / 9781394310906
• Zustand: Neuware