The Sayings Source (eBook)

A Commentary on Q

Markus Tiwald (Autor)

J. Andrew Doole (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2020 | 1. Auflage
238 Seiten
Kohlhammer Verlag
978-3-17-037439-3 (ISBN)

Infos

The so-called 'Sayings Source' ('Q') contains traditions that can be found in the narrative gospels of Matthew and Luke. Situated within both early Judaism and the burgeoning Jesus movement, the sayings waver somewhere between the historical Jesus and the Christian communities. Following the reconstructed text of the 'Critical Edition of Q', Tiwald brings a new study on the narratology of Q as a coherent attempt to answer the question: Who is Jesus?

Prof. Dr. Markus Tiwald, Professor of New Testament at the University of Vienna.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Titlepage 4
Imprint 5
Content 6
Acknowledgements 12
Part I: Introduction to this Commentary 14
1. Preliminary Questions 14
1.1 The Existence of the Sayings Source 14
1.2 The Reconstruction of Q 15
1.2.1 The Critical Edition of Q 15
1.2.2 Narratological Access to Q 15
1.2.3 Consequences for this Commentary 17
1.2.4 Textual Fluidity as an Essential Feature of Q 18
1.2.5 Textual Basis for this Commentary 19
2. Positioning this Commentary among other Ümlbreak(off)ÝQ-CommentariesÜmlbreak(on)Ý 19
2.1 Status Quaestionis 19
2.2 Aliquid Novi? 21
Part II: Introductory Questions to Q 23
1. The Time and Place of Q’ Composition 23
1.1 The Time of Q’ Literal Composition 23
1.2 The Place of Composition 24
2. The Community behind the Sayings Source 24
2.1 Q and Early Judaism 24
2.1.1 Jesus vs. Torah? 25
2.1.2 Anti-Jewish Polemics in Q? 26
2.1.3 Gentile Mission in Q? 26
2.2 The Authors of Q 28
2.2.1 Itinerant Prophets ... 28
2.2.2 ... and Village Scribes 28
2.3 The Heritage Contained in Q 29
2.3.1 Q as Witness to Early Jesus Traditions 29
2.3.2 The Heritage of Q 32
3. Extent and Structure of Q 33
3.1 Deviations from the Lukan Sequence 34
3.1.1 The Q-Order Proposed by the CEQ 34
3.1.2 Modifications of the CEQ-Sequence 35
3.2 Extent of the Q-Text 36
3.3 The Structure of the Q-Text 37
3.4 The Narrative Plot of Q 40
3.4.1 Narrative Cycle 1: The Main Actors ÜqlJohn the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth (Q 3:2b-7:35) 41
3.4.2 Narrative Cycle 2: The Missionaries ÜqlThe Messengers of the Son of Man (Q 9:57-11:13) 42
3.4.3 Narrative Cycle 3: The Adversaries ÜqlNatural and Supernatural Opponents (Q 11:14-52 16:17-18)
3.4.4 Narrative Cycle 4: Consequences for the Community Confidence in Distress (Q 12:2-13:21) 45
3.4.5 Narrative Cycle 5: Consequences for the Opponents Announcement of Judgement (Q 13:24-14:23) 46
3.4.6 Narrative Cycle 6: Instructions for the End Times ÜqlThe Disciples in Attendance at the Parousia (Q 14:26-17:6) 46
3.4.7 Narrative Cycle 7: The Impending End (Q 17:23-22:30) 47
3.5 Q’ Plot and the Stages of Salvation History 47
3.6 Oral Performance and Literal Framing 48
Part III: Commentary to the Sayings Source 49
Title and Introduction of Q? 49
Narrative Cycle 1: The Main Actors John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth (Q 3:2b-7:35) 49
Narrative Unit 1: The Message of John (Q 3:2b-17) 50
The Introduction of John (Q 3:2b-3a) 50
John’ Announcement of Judgement (Q 3:7-9) 51
John and the One to Come (Q 3:16b-17) 54
Narrative Unit 2: The Baptism and Testing of Jesus (Q 3:21-22 4:1-13.16)
The Baptism of Jesus (Q 3:21-22) 56
The Temptations of Jesus (Q 4:1-13) 57
Nazara (Q 4:16) 60
Narrative Unit 3: Jesus’Programmatic Address (Q 6:20-49) 60
Beatitudes (Q 6:20-23) 61
Love Your Enemies & Renounce Violence (Q 6:27-28.35cd.29-30)
The Golden Rule & Being Full of Mercy (Q 6:31-32.34.36)
Not Judging (Q 6:37-38) 65
The Blind Leading the Blind (Q 6:39)—he Disciple and the Teacher (Q 6:40) 66
The Speck and the Beam (Q 6:41-42) 67
The Tree is Known by its Fruit (Q 6:43-45) 67
Not Just Saying »Master, Master« (Q 6:46) 68
Built on Rock or Sand (Q 6:47-49) 69
Narrative Unit 4: The Gentile Officer’ Faith in Jesus’Word (Q 7:1-10) 71
Narrative Unit 5: John and Jesus (Q 7:18-35 and 16:16) 73
John’ Inquiry about the One to Come (Q 7:18-19.22-23) 74
John—ore than a Prophet (Q 7:24-28) 76
The Reign of God is Violated (Q 16:16) 78
For and Against John (Q 7:29-30) 81
This Generation and the Children of Wisdom (Q 7:31-35) 81
Narrative Cycle 2: The Missionaries ÜqlThe Messengers of the Son of Man (Q 9:57-11:13) 82
Narrative Unit 1: Radical Discipleship (Q 9:57-60) 83
Foxes and Birds (Q 9:57-58) 84
Leave the Dead to Bury their Own Dead! (Q 9:59-60) 84
Narrative Unit 2: Instruction for Mission (Q 10:2-16) 85
Workers for the Harvest (Q 10:2) 86
Sheep among Wolves (Q 10:3) 87
Rule for Provisions: Mission in Emblematic Poverty (Q 10:4) 88
House-Mission and Town-Mission (Q 10:5-12) 90
Woes against Galilean Towns (Q 10:13-15) 93
Whoever Takes You in Takes Me in (Q 10:16) 95
Narrative Unit 3: The Special Revelation of the Son (Q 10:21-24) 96
Hidden from Sages, Revealed to Children (Q 10:21) 96
Knowing the Father through the Son (Q 10:22) 97
Blessed are the Eyes that See What You See (Q 10:23-24) 99
Narrative Unit 4: The Trustful Prayer of the Disciples Ümlbreak(off)Ý(Q 11:2b-4.9-13)Ümlbreak(on)Ý 99
The Lord’ Prayer (Q 11:2b-4) 100
Ask and It will be Given to You (Q 11:9-13) 104
ÜtbÜdc8ÝNarrative Cycle 3: The Adversaries ÜqlNatural and Supernatural Opponents (Q 11:14-52 16:17-18)
Narrative Unit 1: Jesus’Victory over the Demons (Q 11:14-26) 106
Casting out Demons by the Finger of God (Q 11:14-15.17-20) 106
Burgling a Strong Person (Q 11:21-22) 107
The One not with Me (Q 11:23) 109
The Return of the Unclean Spirit (Q 11:24-26) 109
Narrative Unit 2: The Judgement over »This Generation« (Q 11:16.29-32) 110
The Sign of Jonah (Q 11:16.29-30) 110
The Queen of the South and the Men of Nineveh (Q 11:31-32) 111
Narrative Unit 3: Let your Light Shine! (Q 11:33-35) 113
The Light on the Lampstand (Q 11:33) 113
The Light within You (Q 11:34-35) 114
Narrative Unit 4: Against Pharisees and Scribes of the Law (Q 16:17-18 11:39-52)
No Iota and no Serif of the Law to Fall (Q 16:17) 115
Prohibition of Divorce and Remarriage (Q 16:18) 118
Woes against the Pharisees (Q 11:42.39b.41.43-44) 121
Woes against the Scribes of the Law (Q 11:46b.52.47-48) 125
Wisdom’ Judgment on »This Generation« (Q 11:49-51) 126
Narrative Cycle 4: Consequences for the Community ÜqlConfidence in Distress (Q 12:2-13:21) 129
Narrative Unit 1: Proclaiming Jesus without Fear (Q 12:2-12) 129
Uncovering What Is Hidden (Q 12:2-3) 129
Not Fearing the Body’ Death (Q 12:4-5) 130
More Precious than Many Sparrows (Q 12:6-7) 131
Confessing the Son of Man (Q 12:8-9) 131
Speaking against the Holy Spirit (Q 12:10) 132
Hearings before Synagogues (Q 12:11-12) 133
Narrative Unit 2: Search for the Reign of God! (Q 12:22b-34) 134
Free from Anxiety like Ravens and Lilies (Q 12:22b-31) 135
Storing up Treasures in Heaven (Q 12:33-34) 137
Narrative Unit 3: The Coming of the Son of Man (Q 12:39-59) 138
The Son of Man Comes as a Robber (Q 12:39-40) 138
The Faithful or Unfaithful Slave (Q 12:42-46) 139
Fire on the Earth (Q 12:49) 140
Children against Parents (Q 12:51.53) 140
Settling out of Court (Q 12:58-59) 141
Narrative Unit 4: Parables of the Reign of God (Q 13:18-21) 142
The Parable of the Mustard Seed (Q 13:18-19) and the Yeast (Q 13:20-21) 142
Narrative Cycle 5: Consequences for the Opponents ÜqlAnnouncement of Judgement (Q 13:24-14:23) 144
Locked Out (Q 13:24-29) 145
The Reversal of the Last and the First (Q 13:30) 148
Judgment over Jerusalem (Q 13:34-35) 149
The Exalted are Humbled and the Humble are Exalted (Q 14:11) 154
The Parable of the Invited Dinner Guests (Q 14:16-18.21.23) 154
Narrative Cycle 6: Instructions for the End Times ÜqlThe Disciples in Attendance at the Parousia Ümlbreak(off)Ý(Q 14:26-17:21)Ümlbreak(on)Ý 156
Narrative Unit 1: Discipleship without Compromise Ümlbreak(off)Ý(Q 14:26-17:2)Ümlbreak(on)Ý 156
Hating One’ Family & Taking Up One’ Cross (Q 14:26-27)
Losing One’ Life (Q 17:33) 158
Tasteless Salt (Q 14:34-35) 160
God or Mammon (Q 16:13) 160
Against Tempting Little Ones (Q 17:1-2) 161
Narrative Unit 2: The Forgiveness of God and of One Another (Q 15:4-10 17:4)
The Lost Sheep (Q 15:4.5a.7) 162
The Lost Coin (Q 15:8-10) 163
Forgiving Seven Times (Q 17:3-4) 164
Narrative Unit 3: Faith Like a Mustard Seed (Q 17:6) 165
Faith Like a Mustard Seed (Q 17:6) 165
Narrative Cycle 7: The Impending End (Q 17:23-22:30) 166
Narrative Unit 1: The Day of the Son of Man (Q 17:23-37 Ümlbreak(off)Ý19:12-26)Ümlbreak(on)Ý
The Son of Man Like Lightning (Q 17:23-24) 166
Vultures around a Corpse (Q 17:37) 168
As in the Days of Noah (Q 17:26-27.30) 169
One Taken, One Left (Q 17:34-35) 170
The Parable of the Entrusted Money (Q 19:12-13.15-24.26) 170
Narrative Unit 2: Judging the Twelve Tribes of Israel (Q 22:28.30) 173
Part IV: Excursi 177
Excursus 1: Reign of God, Disempowerment of Satan, Son of Man 177
1.1 The Reign of God 177
1.1.1 The Term »Reign of God« 177
1.1.2 Origins of the Term 177
1.2 The Disempowerment of Satan 179
1.3 The Son of Man 180
1.4 Reading Q Against the Backdrop of Early Jewish Assumptions 180
1.4.1 The Expectations of the Baptist 180
1.4.2 Jesus’Paradigm Shift 181
1.4.3 Jesus’Experience 181
1.4.4 Jesus’Continuation of the Baptist’ Ideas 181
1.4.5 The Restitution of Humanity 182
1.4.6 The Son of Man in Jesus’Thought and in Q 183
Excursus 2: The Use of Scripture in Q 186
2.1 The Sacred Scriptures of the Authors behind Q 186
2.1.1 The ›anon‹of the Jewish ›ible‹ 186
2.1.2 Aramaic Sources of Q 187
2.1.3 The so-called ›eptuagint‹ 188
2.2 Scriptural Quotations in Q 189
2.2.1 Direct and Indirect Quotations 189
2.2.2 Direct Quotations in Q 190
2.2.3 Indirect Quotations in Q 191
2.2.4 Index of Direct and Indirect Quotations in Q 191
2.3 Results 196
Excursus 3: God’ Advocacy for the Poor and the »Violent Fate of Prophets« 197
3.1 God’ Advocacy for the Poor 197
3.1.1 Piety in Poverty in Early Judaism 197
3.1.2 Jesus’Advocacy for the Poor 198
3.1.3 Advocacy for the Poor in the Sayings Source 199
3.2 The »Violent Fate of Prophets« 200
3.3 Textual Pragmatics of Piety in Poverty and the »Violent Fate of Prophets« 200
Excursus 4: Apocalyptic Patterns in Q 201
4.1 Eschatological Chaos 201
4.1.1 The Eschatological Testing 201
4.1.2 »This Generation« 202
4.1.3 Eschatological War and Disruption of Families 203
4.1.4 Imagery of Violence and Insistence 204
4.2 The Eschatological Peace of God 205
4.2.1 Restitution of the Peace of Paradise 205
4.2.2 The Materially Noticeable Peace of God 206
4.2.3 Emblematic Non-Violence and Confidence in God 206
4.3 Jesus’Optimism vs. Judgement in Q? 207
4.3.1 Ambivalent Eschatological Expectations 207
4.3.2 A Comparison with Other Early Jewish Writings 207
Excursus 5: Parables and Metaphorical Imagery in Q 208
5.1 General Considerations on the Parables of Jesus 208
5.1.1 Parables and the Historical Jesus 208
5.1.2 Parables in the Sayings Source 209
5.1.3 The Message of Q-Parables 211
5.2 Gendered Couplets in Q’ Imagery 212
5.2.1 Gendered Couplets ... 212
5.2.2 ... and their Interpretation in Feminist Exegesis 212
Bibliography 214
1. Primary Literature 214
1.1 Classic Literature 214
1.1.1 Early Jewish Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 214
1.1.2 Qumran Manuscripts 214
1.1.3 Philo and Josephus 214
1.1.4 Pagan Authors 215
1.1.5 Rabbinic Literature 215
1.1.6 Early Christian Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 215
1.1.7 Patristic Literature 215
1.2 Edition of the Sayings Source 216
2. Tools 216
3. Secondary Literature 216
Index 230
1. Subject Index 230
2. Index of Primary Sources 231
2.1 Old Testament 231
2.2 Early Jewish Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 233
2.3 Dead Sea Scrolls 234
2.4 Philo of Alexandria 235
2.5 Josephus 235
2.6 Greek and Roman Authors 235
2.7 New Testament (including the Sayings Source) 235
2.8 Targums 238
2.9 Rabbinic Writings 238
2.10 Patristic Writings 238
2.11 Early Christian Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 239

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.3.2020
• Verlagsort: Stuttgart
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Religion / Theologie ► Christentum
• Schlagworte: Frühjudentum • Jesusbewegung • Lukasevangelium • Matthäusevangelium • Neues Testament • Urchristentum
• ISBN-10: 3-17-037439-7 / 3170374397
• ISBN-13: 978-3-17-037439-3 / 9783170374393