Peter's Halakhic Nightmare (eBook)

The 'animal' vision of Acts 10:9-16 in Jewish and Graeco-Roman Perspective

John R.L. Moxon (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1. Auflage
663 Seiten
Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)
9783161535420 (ISBN)

Infos

Did Luke intend Peter's visionary command to eat 'unclean animals' in Acts 10 to suggest the dissolution of the Jewish Law? Whilst scholars have argued over sources, inconsistent redaction and later reception, many have failed to notice here the novel use of a type of transgression anxiety dream. John Moxon shows how by the incorporation of such naturalistic motifs, Luke takes 'revelation' in a new and decidedly psychological direction, probably imitating similar developments in Graeco-Roman biography. If the vision reveals an illegitimate transfer of disgust within an exaggerated halakha of separation, then its target is prejudice and inconsistency, not the Jew-Gentile divide as such, as underlined by the ironic contrast with the pious Cornelius. In this reading, Luke's non-supercessionism is maintained, whilst showing him acutely aware of the kinds of nightmare holding many back from the nascent Gentile mission.

Born 1960; 1990 DPhil, University of Oxford; 2011 PhD University of Durham; 2011-14 Director of Studies, Mattersey Hall College; since 2014 Senior Lecturer, Dept. Humanities, Roehampton University.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Preface 8
Table of Contents 12
Abbreviations 20
Chapter 1: Introduction 28
1.1 Purpose, Method and Approach 28
1.1.1 Aims 28
1.1.2 Literature Review 29
1.1.3 Presuppositions and Method 30
1.1.4 Possible Significance 32
1.2 Peter's Vision: Outline, Contexts and Controversies 33
1.2.1 Structure and Sequence 33
1.2.2 Gentile Mission, Table-Fellowship and Conversion 34
1.2.3 Abolition and Alternatives 35
1.2.4 An Unusual Kind of "Revelation" 39
1.3 Redactional, Form-Critical and Literary Perspectives 41
1.3.1 Tradition and Redaction 41
1.3.2 Form Criticism 43
1.3.3 Narrative and Functional Readings 45
1.3.4 Conclusions 48
1.4 Intertextual Readings of Acts 10:1?11:18 48
1.4.1 Old Testament 50
1.4.2 New Testament 54
1.4.3 Graeco-Roman 60
1.4.4 Conclusions 63
1.5 Peter's Vision ? Fresh Observations and New Questions 64
1.5.1 Deixis 64
1.5.2 Form 65
1.5.3 Content 66
1.5.4 Interpretation 67
1.5.5 Genre 68
1.5.6 Conclusions 69
1.6 Summary and Plan of Investigation 70
1.7 A Note on the Appendices 72
Chapter 2: Halakhic Intertexture of Peter's Vision 75
2.1 Introduction 75
2.2 Halakhic Background 76
2.2.1 Jewish Law in the First Century ? Problems of Definition 76
2.2.2 Explicit and Implicit Issues in Acts 10:1?11:18 79
2.2.3 The Biblical Laws 81
2.2.4 Halakhic Intensification and the Rhetoric of Separation 88
2.2.5 Association and Table-Fellowship in Theory and Practice 92
2.2.6 Luke's Portrayal of the Jerusalem Stance 94
2.2.7 Initial Questions for the Interpretation of the Dream 95
2.3 Peter's Vision in Halakhic Perspective 96
2.3.1 Introduction 96
2.3.2 The Visual Scene 97
2.3.3 The Command 98
2.3.4 The Problem 100
2.3.5 The Refusal: ???????, ????? ... 105
2.3.6 The Riposte ? ? ? ???? ?????????? 109
2.3.7 The Repeats and the Closure of the Vision 116
2.3.8 The Dialogue as Halakhic Discourse 116
2.3.9 Peter's Vision in Halakhic Perspective ? Summary 119
2.4 Conclusions and Further Questions 121
Chapter 3: Dreams and Visions ?????? Form and Interpretation 125
3.1 Introduction 125
3.1.1 Orientation 125
3.1.2 Organisation and Use of Appendix 127
3.2 Phenomena, Definitions and Terminology 127
3.2.1 Contexts and Definitions 127
3.2.2 Terminology 135
3.3 The Form-Critical Categories of Oppenheim 135
3.3.1 Outer Form/Frame 136
3.3.2 Message Dreams 136
3.3.3 Symbolic Dreams 137
3.3.4 Variations and Developments 137
3.3.5 Critique 139
3.4 Survey of Dreams and Visions 144
3.4.1 ANE and Hebrew Bible 146
3.4.2 Ancient and Classical Greek Tradition 153
3.4.3 Popular, Therapeutic and Personal Dream Accounts 160
3.4.4 Hellenistic and Roman Historiography 166
3.4.5 Hellenistic and Roman Biography 169
3.4.6 Hellenistic and Roman Epic and Fiction 172
3.4.7 Apocrypha, Josephus, Gospels and Acts 176
3.5 Conclusions 189
Chapter 4: Natural and Anxiety Dreams 192
4.1 Introduction 192
4.2 Natural Dreaming 193
4.2.1 Seeing and Memory 193
4.2.2 Body and Health 194
4.2.3 Food and Drink 195
4.2.4 Circumstances and Desires 195
4.2.5 Morality and Character 196
4.2.6 Natural Prescience and Dream Cognition 197
4.2.7 Natural Dreaming in Literary Settings 199
4.3 Overtones of Natural Dreaming in Peter's Vision 202
4.4 Anxiety Dreams and Nightmares 209
4.4.1 Introduction and Problems of Definition 209
4.4.2 Treatment in Dream Theory and Literary Representation 210
4.4.3 Forms and Motifs 212
4.4.4 Bad Dreams and the Principle of Opposites 223
4.5 Anxiety and Nightmare Motifs in Peter's Vision 226
4.5.1 Transgression and Paradox 226
4.5.2 Prescience and Anxiety 227
4.5.3 Demons and Desires 228
4.5.4 Deception and Dissimulation 229
4.5.5 Conclusions 230
4.6 Two Traditional Objections 231
4.6.1 The "Divine" Voice 231
4.6.2 The Repeating Command and Rebuke 238
4.7 Summary and Conclusions 240
Chapter 5: Enigmatic Divine Speech in Dreams 242
5.1 Introduction 242
5.2 Definitions, Forms and Contexts 243
5.3 Approach to Analysis 244
5.4 Ancient Contexts of Enigmatic Speech 246
5.4.1 Oracular and Prophetic Contexts 246
5.4.2 Popular and Pedagogic Contexts 257
5.5 Ancient Debate about Enigmatic Divine Speech 264
5.5.1 Graeco-Roman Debate 264
5.5.2 Jewish and Early Christian Debate 266
5.6 Enigmatic Speech in Graeco-Roman Dreams 270
5.6.1 Popular, Therapeutic and Personal Dreams 270
5.6.2 Dreams in Literary Sources 277
5.7 Enigmatic Speech in Acts and in Peter's Vision 285
5.7.1 Introduction 285
5.7.2 Elsewhere in Acts 286
5.7.3 Peter's Vision in Acts 10 289
5.8 Concluding Observations 295
Chapter 6: Peter's Vision and Double Dreams 297
6.1 Introduction 297
6.1.1 Orientation 297
6.1.2 Organisation and Use of Appendix 299
6.2 The Nature and Function of Double Dreams 300
6.2.1 Introduction 300
6.2.2 Variety and Function 305
6.3 Contrasts within Double Dreams 328
6.3.1 Form 328
6.3.2 Dream Figures 330
6.3.3 Complexity 332
6.3.4 Practicality 334
6.3.5 Transparency 335
6.3.6 Natural and Anxiety Motifs 343
6.3.7 Dreamer Disposition and Character 346
6.4 The Peter-Cornelius Story and Ancient Double Dreams 350
6.4.1 Summary of Findings 350
6.4.2 Apologetic Agendas 352
6.4.3 Conclusions 364
Chapter 7: Summary and Conclusions 366
7.1 Survey of Findings 366
7.2 Wider Significance 371
7.3 Suggestions for Further Research 374
Appendix 1: Structure and Terminology 378
1.1 Outline of Passage 378
1.2 Dream and Vision Terminology 379
1.2.1 ANE and Hebrew Terminology 379
1.2.2 Greek Terminology 381
1.2.3 Latin Terminology 383
1.3 Further Lexical Notes ? ???????? 383
Appendix 2: Dreams, Classification and Notes 389
2.1 Organisation of Catalogue 389
2.1.1 Introduction 389
2.1.2 Form-critical Categories 390
2.1.3 Message/Visitation Dreams 391
2.1.4 Symbolic/Other Visual Dreams 393
2.1.5 Hybrid Forms 393
2.1.6 Limitations and Working Approach 394
Ancient Near East and Biblical 394
2.2 ANE Dreams 394
2.2.1 Introduction 394
2.2.2 Texts/Classification 395
2.2.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 395
2.2.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 396
2.2.2.3 Hybrid Forms 396
2.2.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 396
2.2.3 Interpretation 396
2.2.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 396
2.2.4.1 Recipients 396
2.2.4.2 Structural Features 397
2.2.4.3 Content, Imagery, Function 397
2.3 Hebrew Bible 397
2.3.1 Introduction 397
2.3.2 Texts/Classification 398
2.3.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 398
2.3.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 399
2.3.2.3 Hybrid Forms 399
2.3.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 400
2.3.2.5 Poetic, Proverbial and Other Passing References 400
2.3.3 Interpretation 400
2.3.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 400
2.3.4.1 Theophanies and Appearances 400
2.3.4.2 Divine Speech and Prophetic Oracles 401
2.3.4.3 Episodes with Uncertain Relationship to Dreams and Visions 402
2.3.4.4 The Witch of Endor 403
2.3.4.5 Dreams in Job 403
2.3.4.6 Dreams in Song of Songs 405
2.3.4.7 Prophetic Symbolic Vision 406
2.3.4.8 Prophetic Symbolic Visions 406
Ancient and Classical Greek Tradition 407
2.4 Homer 407
2.4.1 Introduction 407
2.4.2 Texts/Classification 407
2.4.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 407
2.4.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 408
2.4.2.3 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 408
2.4.2.4 Poetic, Proverbial and Other Passing References 408
2.4.3 Interpretation 408
2.4.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 408
2.4.4.1 Theophanies 408
2.4.4.2 Divine Councils 409
2.4.4.3 Portents and Omens 409
2.4.4.4 Prior Emotional States 409
2.4.4.5 The Gates of Horn and Ivory 409
2.5 Greek Tragedy 410
2.5.1 Introduction 410
2.5.2 Texts/Classification 410
2.5.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 410
2.5.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 410
2.5.2.3 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 411
2.5.2.4 Poetic, Proverbial and Other Passing References 411
2.5.3 Interpretation 411
2.5.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 411
2.5.4.1 Theophany in Drama 411
2.5.4.2 Natural Dreaming and Nightmares 412
2.5.4.3 Distrusting Dreams 412
2.6 Greek Comedy 412
2.6.1 Introduction 412
2.6.2 Texts/Classification 412
2.6.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 412
2.6.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 413
2.6.2.3 Hybrid forms 413
2.6.2.4 Poetic, Proverbial and Other Passing References 413
2.6.3 Interpretation 413
2.6.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 414
2.6.4.1Plutus' Visit to an Asclepion in Aristophanes 414
2.7 Herodotus 414
2.7.1 Introduction 414
2.7.2 Texts/Classification 414
2.7.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 415
2.7.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 415
2.7.2.3 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 415
2.7.3 Interpretation 415
2.7.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 415
2.7.4.1 Divine Visitations 415
2.7.4.2 Prodigies, Omens and Portents 416
2.7.4.3 Oracles and Prophecies 416
2.7.4.4 Herodotus and the Supernatural 416
Popular and Therapeutic Dreaming 416
2.8 Epidauros 416
2.8.1 Introduction 416
2.8.2 Texts/Classification 417
2.8.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 417
2.8.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 417
2.8.2.3 Hybrid Forms 418
2.8.3 Interpretation 418
2.8.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 418
2.8.4.1 Framing and Introductory Formulae 418
2.8.4.2 Visitation Dreams with Messages Only 418
2.8.4.3 Visitations with Therapeutic Actions Only 419
2.8.4.4 Therapeutic Visitations with Speech 419
2.8.4.5 The Nature of Therapeutic Actions 419
2.9 Other Asclepion Dreams 419
2.9.1 Introduction 419
2.9.2 Texts/Classification 420
2.9.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 420
2.9.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 420
2.9.2.3 Hybrid Forms 420
2.9.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 420
2.9.3 Interpretation 421
2.9.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 421
2.9.4.1 Text No. 1 (A serapeum scribe and his mother) 421
2.9.4.2 Text No. 6 (Domninus and Plutarch) 421
2.9.4.3 Text No. 7 (Marcus Julius Apellas) 422
2.9.4.4 Text No. 10 (A wealthy man) 422
2.9.4.5 Text No. 12 (Gaius, a blind man and others) 423
2.9.4.6 Text No. 15 (A certain woman) 423
2.9.4.7 Text No. 19 (Libanus) 424
2.9.4.8 Text No. 22 (Zoilos) 424
2.10 Aelius Aristides 424
2.10.1 Introduction 424
2.10.2 Texts/Classification 425
2.10.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 425
2.10.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 425
2.10.2.3 Hybrid Forms 426
2.10.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 426
2.10.3 Interpretation 427
2.10.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 427
2.10.4.1 Variety of Message Dreams 427
2.10.4.2 Borderline Message Dreams 428
2.10.4.3 Dream Oracles 428
2.10.4.4 Other Notes of Instruction or Guidance 429
2.10.4.5 Enigmatic Speech 429
2.10.4.6 Non-therapeutic Dreams 430
2.10.4.7 Extended Dream Accounts 430
2.10.4.8 Emotion, Perception and Thought during Dreams 430
2.10.4.9 Bizarre/Unpleasant Commands or Imagery 431
2.10.4.10 Quotes, Books, Letters and Inscriptions 431
2.10.4.11 Revealed Composition 432
2.11 Artemidorus 432
2.11.1 Introduction 432
2.11.2 Texts/Classification 433
2.11.3 Interpretation 433
2.11.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 434
2.11.4.1 Dreams with Extended Descriptions 434
2.11.4.2 Prescient Dreams 434
2.11.4.3 Artemidorus' use of ??????? and ???????? 435
2.11.4.4 Different Kinds of Significant Dream 435
2.11.4.5 "God-sent" Dreams 435
2.11.4.6 Seeing Gods in Dreams 436
2.11.4.7 Speech in Artemidorus' Dreams 436
2.11.4.8 Enigmatic Speech in Dreams in Artemidorus 437
2.11.4.9 Wordplay in Artemidorus' Dream Interpretation 438
2.11.4.10 Other Interpretive Principles 439
2.11.4.11 The Rationale of Symbolism and Riddling 439
2.11.4.12 Taboo-Breaking and Unpleasant Images 440
2.11.4.13 Interpretation by Opposites 440
Hellenistic and Roman Literature 440
2.12 Dionysius of Halicarnassus 440
2.12.1 Introduction 440
2.12.2 Texts/Classification 441
2.12.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 441
2.12.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 441
2.12.2.3 Hybrid Forms 441
2.12.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 441
2.12.3 Interpretation 441
2.12.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 442
2.12.4.1 Dionysius and Divination 442
2.12.4.2 Dionysius and Oracles 442
2.12.4.3 Omens, Prodigies and Portents 442
2.12.4.4 Divine Voices 443
2.12.4.5 Natural vs. Supernatural Explanations 443
2.13 Diodorus Siculus 443
2.13.1 Introduction 443
2.13.2 Texts/Classification 444
2.13.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 444
2.13.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 444
2.13.2.3 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 444
2.13.3 Interpretation 444
2.13.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 445
2.13.4.1 Oracles 445
2.13.4.2 Theophanies 445
2.14 Plutarch 445
2.14.1 Introduction 445
2.14.2 Texts/Classification 445
2.14.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 446
2.14.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 446
2.14.2.3 Hybrid Forms 447
2.14.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 447
2.14.3 Interpretation 447
2.14.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 448
2.14.4.1 Apparition Reports 448
2.14.4.2 Nightmares in Plutarch 449
2.14.4.3 Message Dreams with Visual and Symbolic Aspects 449
2.14.4.4 Message Dreams with Enigmatic Speech 449
2.14.4.5 Enigmatic Speech in the Death Dreams 449
2.14.4.6 Other Visual and Hybrid Dreams with Speech 450
2.14.4.7 Feelings Before, During and After Dreams 450
2.14.4.8 Obedience vs. Disobedience 450
2.15 Suetonius 451
2.15.1 Introduction 451
2.15.2 Texts/Classification 451
2.15.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 451
2.15.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 451
2.15.2.3 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 452
2.15.3 Interpretation 452
2.15.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 452
2.15.4.1 Temples and Statues in Message Dreams 452
2.15.4.2 Enigmatic Speech in Message Dreams 452
2.15.4.3 Birth Portent Dreams 453
2.15.4.4 Recognition Dreams 453
2.15.4.5 Death Portent Dreams 453
2.15.4.6 Dreams of Destiny 453
2.16 Apollonius Rhodius 454
2.16.1 Introduction 454
2.16.2 Texts/Classification 454
2.16.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 454
2.16.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 454
2.16.2.3 Hybrid Forms 454
2.16.3 Interpretation 455
2.16.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 455
2.16.4.1 Other Message-like Events 455
2.16.4.2 Enigmatic Speech in Message Dreams 455
2.16.4.3 Enigmatic Imagery and Speech in the Dream of Euphemus 456
2.17 Vergil 456
2.17.1 Introduction 456
2.17.2 Texts/Classification 456
2.17.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 456
2.17.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 457
2.17.2.3 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 457
2.17.3 Interpretation 457
2.17.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 457
2.17.4.1 Divine Councils 457
2.17.4.2 Divine visits 457
2.17.4.3 Dream Figure Appearance 458
2.17.4.4 Dream/reality confusion 458
2.17.4.5 Anxiety Dreams 458
2.17.4.6 Progressive Revelation and Character Development 459
2.17.4.7 Anxiety States Prior to Dreams 459
2.17.4.8 Hybrid Features in the Venus Epiphany 460
2.18 Greek and Latin Fiction 460
2.18.1 Introduction 460
2.18.2 Texts/Classification 461
2.18.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 461
2.18.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 461
2.18.2.3 Hybrid Forms 462
2.18.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 462
2.18.2.5 Passing References 463
2.18.3 Interpretation 463
2.18.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 464
2.18.4.1 Dream?Reality Confusion 464
2.18.4.2 Message Dreams with Visual Features 464
2.18.4.3 Enigmatic Speech 465
2.18.4.4 Visual Dreams with Symbolic and Realistic Elements 465
2.18.4.5 Anxiety States Prior to Dreaming 465
2.18.4.6 Dreams and Divination 466
2.18.4.7 Natural and Anxiety Dream Motifs 466
Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Josephus and NT 467
2.19 Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 467
2.19.1 Introduction 467
2.19.2 Texts/Classification 468
2.19.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 468
2.19.2.3 Hybrid Forms 469
2.19.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 469
2.19.2.5 Apparitions/Shared Visions 469
2.19.2.6 Fabulous/Mixed Accounts 470
2.19.3 Interpretation 470
2.19.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 470
2.19.4.1 Battlefield Apparitions in 2 Macc 470
2.19.4.2 Ben Sirach on Dreams 472
2.19.4.3 Fabulous/Mixed Mode Accounts 472
2.19.4.4 Angelic and Divine Disguises 474
2.20 Josephus 475
2.20.1 Introduction 475
2.20.2 Texts/Classification 475
2.20.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 475
2.20.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 475
2.20.2.3 Hybrid Forms 475
2.20.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 476
2.20.3 Interpretation 476
2.20.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 476
2.20.4.1 Theophanies, Theoloquies, Dreams and Visions 476
2.20.4.2 Dreams and the Future 477
2.20.4.3 Anxiety and Natural Dreaming 477
2.20.4.4 Josephus' Dream at Jotapata 477
2.21 Gospels and Acts 478
2.21.1 Introduction 478
2.21.2 Texts/Classification 478
2.21.2.1 Message/Visitation Forms 478
2.21.2.2 Symbolic/Other Visual Forms 479
2.21.2.3 Hybrid Forms 479
2.21.2.4 Brief Reports/Indeterminate Forms 480
2.21.3 Interpretation 480
2.21.4 Thematic Observations and Select Commentary 480
Appendix 3: Oracles in Herodotus 481
3.1 Types of Record 481
3.1.1 Historical Notes 481
3.1.2 Consultation Notices 481
3.1.3 Oracles Summarised in Reported Speech 481
3.1.4 Oracles Quoted in Direct Speech 482
3.2 Structure of Riddling Oracles 482
3.2.1 Riddling Language Throughout 482
3.2.2 Riddling Elements in One Half of Oracle 482
3.2.3 Riddling Elements in Middle of Oracle 483
3.2.4 Single Ambiguous Element 483
3.3 Other Authors 483
Appendix 4: Double Dreams 484
4.1 Principles of Selection 484
4.2 Catalogue 489
4.2.1 ANE, OT and Homer 489
(1) The soldiers of Assurbanipal's army 489
(2) Nabonidus and "others" 489
(3) Assurbanipal and the priest of Ishtar 489
(4) Khamuas and his wife 490
(5) Abraham and Hagar 490
(6) Gideon and the symbolic dream of the Midianite soldier 490
(7) Manoah and Zorah 491
(8) Achilles and Hector 491
(9) Achilles and Priam 491
4.2.2 Historiography, Biography and Related Inscriptions 492
(10) Xerxes and Artabanus 492
(11) Aeneas and Latinus 493
(12) Publius and Marcus Tarquinius 493
(13) Alexander and the Tyrians 494
(14) Titus Manlius Torquatus and Publius Decius Mus 495
(15) Narcissus and Messalina 495
(16) Ptolemy and Scydrothemis 495
(17) Epaminondas and Epiteles 496
(18) Pindar and the old woman of Thebes 497
(19) The priest of Heracles and Comon 497
(20) The magistrate of Lindos and the Persian army 498
4.2.3 Greek and Latin Fiction 498
(21) Theron and Leonas 498
(22) Dryas and ??????Lamon 499
(23) Daphnis and Chloe 499
(24) Leucippe and Clitophon 499
(25) Byzantine soldiers and Sostratos 500
(26) Kalasiris and Charikles 501
(27) Charikleia and Theagenes 501
(28) Hydaspes and Persinna 502
(29) Olympias and ??????Philip 502
(30) Odatis and Zariadres 503
(31) Aristomenes and Socrates 504
(32) Lucius and the priest of Isis 504
(33) Lucius and the High Priest of Isis/Osiris 505
(34) Lucius and Asinius Marcellus 505
(35) Lichas and Tryphaena 506
4.2.4 Jewish Literature 506
(36) Jaddus and Alexander 506
(37) Joseph and Aseneth 507
4.2.5 Therapeutic, Popular and Personal Accounts 508
(38) A serapeum scribe and his mother 508
(39) Arata and her mother 509
(40) Aristides and a temple official 509
(41) Aristides and Zosimus 510
(42) Aristides and Philadelphus 510
(43) Aristides and a Roman senator 511
(44) Aristides and Zosimus 511
(45) Asclepiacus and Neritus 512
(46) Aristides and a goose-seller 513
(47) Aristides and a farmer 513
(48) Euarestus and Hermocrates 514
(49) Plutarch and Domninus 514
4.2.6 New Testament 515
(50) Magi and Joseph 515
(51) Zechariah and Mary 515
(52) Various female disciples and the Eleven 515
(53) Two male disciples and the Eleven 516
(54) Saul and Ananias 517
(55) Peter and Cornelius 518
4.2.7 Apocryphal Acts and Other Hagiography 518
(56) John and Lycomedes 518
(57) James and John 519
(58) Thomas and the young man 520
(59) Andrew and Lesbius 520
(60) John Mark and Barnabas 522
(61) Alexander and the elders of Jerusalem 522
(62) Thomas and Abban 522
4.3 Narrative Configuration 524
4.3.1 Revelatory Framework 524
4.3.2 Recipients 526
4.3.3 Timing 527
4.3.4 Distance 527
4.4 Form and Content 528
4.4.1 Form 528
4.4.1.1 Double Message/Visitation Form 529
4.4.1.2 Double Symbolic/Other Visual/Hybrid Form 529
4.4.1.3 Mixed Forms 529
4.4.2 Content 529
4.4.2.1 Identical, Similar or Complementary 529
4.4.2.2 Related 530
4.4.2.3 Independent 531
4.5 Interpretation and Function 531
4.5.1 Interpretation 531
4.5.1.1 Equal Difficulty (Straightforward) 531
4.5.1.2 Equal Difficulty (Some Interpretation) 531
4.5.1.3 Differing Difficulty 532
4.5.2 Function 532
4.5.2.1 Confirming 532
4.5.2.2 Coordinating 533
4.5.2.3 Providential 533
4.5.2.4 Ominological 533
4.5.2.5 Literary 534
Bibliography 536
Index of Ancient Sources 598
Index of Modern Authors 644
Index of Subjects 657

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.9.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Religion / Theologie ► Christentum
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Religion / Theologie ► Judentum
• ISBN-13: 9783161535420 / 9783161535420