Scientific Knowledge and the Transgression of Boundaries (eBook)

Bettina-Johanna Krings, Hannot Rodríguez, Anna Schleisiek (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
XV, 286 Seiten
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (Verlag)
978-3-658-14449-4 (ISBN)

Infos

The aim of this book is to understand and critically appraise science-based transgression dynamics in their whole complexity. It includes contributions from experts with different disciplinary backgrounds, such as philosophy, history and sociology. Thus, it is in itself an example of boundary transgression.

Scientific disciplines and their objects have tended to be seen as permanent and distinct. However, science is better conceived as an activity that constantly surpasses, erases and rebuilds all kinds of boundaries, either disciplinary, socio-ethical or ecological. This transgressive capacity, a characteristic trait of science and its applications, defines us as 'knowledge societies.' However, scientific and technological developments are also sources of serious environmental and social concerns. 

Bettina-Johanna Krings (MA in Sociology, Political Science and Anthropology; PhD in Sociology) is head of the research department 'Knowledge Society and Knowledge Policy' at the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

Hannot Rodríguez (PhD in Philosophy) is Assistant Professor at the Department of Philosophy of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU.

Anna Schleisiek (Dipl.-Soz.) is doing research on the role of economic principles in the scientific practice of research teams for her PhD project in sociology.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 10
Editors and Contributors 12
1 Introduction: Possibilities and Limits of Science-Based Boundary Transgressions 17
Acknowledgments 31
References 31
Disciplinary Transgression of Boundaries 36
2 Science and Experiment 37
Abstract 37
1 Research as Searching 38
2 Serendipity 39
3 In the Right Place at the Right Time 43
4 Virtuosity 44
References 46
3 From “Imaging 2.0” to & !blank
Abstract 48
1 Introduction 49
2 “Imaging 2.0”: The Analogue-Digital Migration and the Quest for Disciplinary Integration 52
2.1 “Prototyping Radiologists”: How Programmers Anticipate a Profession 53
2.2 On Radiological Personas 54
2.3 Digital Data Overload: Collective Negotiations of a “New Sight” 58
3 “Imaging 3.0”: The Rise of Image-Guided Therapies and the Recent Crisis of Radiology 62
3.1 “Radiology Is Getting an Upgrade”: The Imaging 3.0 Campaign 63
3.2 Tumor Boards: Multidisciplinary (Visual) Expertise 66
4 Conclusion 67
Acknowledgments 68
References 68
4 The Use and Influence of Indicators in Decisions About Technological Innovation 71
Abstract 71
1 Introduction 72
2 Decision-Making and Indicators Regarding Technological Innovation 73
2.1 Decision-Making in the Context of Innovation 73
2.2 The Rise of Indicators 81
2.3 Indicators in Decisions on Technological Innovation 83
2.3.1 Use and Influence in Decision-Making 84
2.3.2 Types of Technological Decisions in the Context of Innovation 88
3 Methodology 90
4 Results 95
4.1 Use and Influence of Indicators 96
4.2 Influence of the Context 99
4.3 Influence of the Types of Technology Decision 102
4.4 Conclusions 104
5 Discussion 106
Acknowledgments 107
References 107
Extra-Disciplinary Transgression of Boundaries 112
5 Shifting Practices of Academia as an Entrepreneurial Organization in Indonesia 113
Abstract 113
1 Production-Based Education Method in Indonesia’s Vocational Education System 116
2 Conceptualizing Organizations: Entrepreneurial Organization and Academic Organization 119
3 The First Shift: Tacit Knowledge Production in Manufacturing Processes 124
4 The Second Shift: Integration Towards Manufacturing Practices 131
5 Socially-Embedded Relations: Collaboration with the ISE Company 136
6 Concluding Remarks: ATMI Polytechnic Subsumed by Production Orientation 137
Acknowledgments 139
References 139
6 Designing “Integration Machines” 143
Abstract 143
1 Introduction 144
2 A New Dimension of Societal Challenges and Alternative Means of Knowledge Production 146
3 Computer Simulations and Modeling in Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research 148
4 Materials and Methods 151
5 Empirical Findings 152
5.1 Vague Prescriptions and Powerful Moments: How the Research Program Does (Not) Prescribe Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production 153
5.2 Arguing for the Use of Computer Models: The Dream of an Overall Model 154
5.3 Simulating and Modeling as Balancing Act Between a Multiplicity of Attributions 156
5.4 Involvement of Scientists and Extra-Scientific Actors in the Development of Computer Models and Simulations 158
6 Computer Models and Simulations as “Integration Machines” 160
6.1 How Integration Machines Are Made of Ideas, Imaginations, Hopes, and Promises 161
6.2 How Integration Machines Are Black Boxing, Delegating, Integrating, and Sorting Out 162
6.3 How Integration Machines (Re-)Produce Ways of Being in the Science-Society Relationship 164
6.4 How Integration Machines Produce Realities 164
7 Conclusions 165
Acknowledgments 167
References 167
7 Cosmology and the End of Weberian Science 171
Abstract 171
1 Introduction 172
2 The Idea of a Weberian Science 174
3 The Multidisciplinary Formations of Cosmology 178
3.1 Intra-Disciplinary Transgression: The Inflationary Universe 180
3.2 Interdisciplinary Transgression: Discovery as Model Selection 183
3.3 Extra-Disciplinary Transgression: Cosmology Contra Philosophy and Theology 187
3.3.1 Krauss on Nothingness and the End of Cosmology 188
3.3.2 Hawking on M-Theory, God and Philosophy 191
3.3.3 Susskind on Multiverse and the Anthropic Principle 192
4 Conclusion 194
References 195
8 Cosmology and Theology 197
Abstract 197
References 208
Radical Transgression of Boundaries 209
9 Boundaries Between Territories of Knowledge 210
Abstract 210
1 Physics, Chemistry and the Physical Sciences 214
2 Matter, Spirits and the Boundaries of the Sciences 221
3 Corpuscles Versus Waves: A Problematic Distinction 226
4 Conclusion 234
References 235
10 Naturalism and Scientific Hierarchy 238
Abstract 238
1 Strict Naturalism: Ontological, Methodological and Epistemological 240
2 Naturalism and Normativity 245
3 Horizontal Normativity: An Attempt at Strict Naturalist Social Epistemology 251
References 263
11 Prolegomena to a Genealogy of the Transgressive Mindset 267
Abstract 267
1 Back from Prometheus to Faust and Simon Magus: The Theological Roots of Transgression 268
2 The Indefinite Pursuit of Reason for Its Own Sake: The Philosophical Roots of Transgression 275
References 284

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.11.2016
• Reihe/Serie: Technikzukünfte, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft / Futures of Technology, Science and Society
• Reihe/Serie: Technikzukünfte, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft / Futures of Technology, Science and Society
• Zusatzinfo: XV, 286 p. 5 illus.
• Verlagsort: Wiesbaden
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Philosophie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Schlagworte: History of Science • philosophy of science • Research policy • Science and Technology Studies • Sociology of Science
• ISBN-10: 3-658-14449-1 / 3658144491
• ISBN-13: 978-3-658-14449-4 / 9783658144494