Mos Christianorum (eBook)

The Roman Discourse of Exemplarity and the Jewish and Christian Language of Leadership

James Petitfils (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
308 Seiten
Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)
978-3-16-154023-3 (ISBN)

Infos

The preferred moral curriculum of a Roman education abounded with exemplary stories of Rome's native heroes. To inculcate conceptions of virtuous leadership, politicians and populace alike deployed exempla as rhetorical vehicles of the mos maiorum (way of the ancestors). James Petitfils explores Jewish and Christian participation in this widespread pedagogical practice. After surveying Roman discourse on exemplary leadership, the author consults several texts, written in significantly Romanized environments, celebrating Jewish or Christian ancestral leaders (Josephus' Antiquities 2-4, Philo's Mosis 1-2, 1 Clement, and The Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons). He highlights their respective appropriation, adaptation, and redeployment of the Roman moral idiom on exemplary leadership in the promotion of self-consciously non-Roman ancestral exempla and languages of leadership.

Born 1981; 2013 PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles; currently Assistant Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at Biola University.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Acknowledgments 8
Table of Contents 10
List of Abbreviations 18
Chapter 1: Introduction 20
A. Overview of Scholarship on Roman Exempla and Exemplarity Leadership 23
I. Exempla and Roman Exemplarity in Scholarship 23
II. Ancient Discourse on Leadership Related to the Figure of Christ 26
B. Overview of Chapters 30
Chapter 2: The Discourse of Exemplarity in the Ancient Mediterranean World 36
A. Examples (????????????) in Ancient Greek Rhetoric, Education, and Patriotism 37
I. The Greek ??????????: Definition and Place in Rhetorical Theory 37
1. Defining ?????????? 37
2. ?????????? in Rhetorica ad Alexandrum 38
3. Aristotle 38
II. The Pedagogic and Patriotic Use of ???????????? in Greek Culture 39
1. Poetry in Greek Society 39
2. Speeches of Praise 40
B. Exempla and Exemplarity in Roman Culture 41
I. Definition and Taxonomical Matters 42
II. Exempla in Specific Authors/Rhetorical Handbooks 45
1. Auctor ad Herennium 45
2. Marcus Tullius Cicero 45
3. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus 47
III. The Broader Discourse of Exemplarity 48
IV. Venues for the Deployment of Exempla in Roman Society and Culture 51
1. Roman Education 52
2. Imagines in Roman Culture 54
3. Popular Oratory and Exemplarity 58
4. Architecture, Statues, and Inscriptions 60
5. Exemplarity in Roman Historiography 63
C. Conclusion 64
Chapter 3: Notions of Exemplary Leadership in Roman Society and Culture 66
A. Major Categories of Exemplary Leadership in Roman Society and Culture 68
I. Noble Lineage 68
II. Courage and Martial Prowess 71
III. Education and Eloquence 77
IV. Personal Frugality and Generous Patronage 81
V. Piety towards the Gods 85
1. Definition 85
2. Excursus: The Nature of Roman Religion 86
a) Public vs. Private Practice 86
b) Formalism and the Mos Maiorum 87
c) Orthopraxy 87
d) Empirical Epistemology 88
e) Religion and Society 89
3. Leadership and Roman Piety 89
B. Exemplary Leadership in Cornelius Nepos and Plutarch 91
C. Laudationes and Exemplary Leadership 93
D. Honorable Leadership in De Officiis 95
I. Noble Lineage in De Officiis 96
II. Courage and Martial Prowess in De Officiis 97
III. Rhetorical Ability in De Officiis 98
IV. Generous Patronage in De Officiis 100
V. Piety and Other Cardinal Virtues in De Officiis 102
E. Conclusion 104
Chapter 4: Moses as an Exemplum of Native Leadership in Philo’s De Vita Mosis and Josephus’ Antiquities 2–4 106
A. Josephus and Philo’s Relative Exposure to Roman Culture and Politics 108
I. Romanization in the East 108
II. Josephus’ Exposure to Roman Culture and Politics 109
III. Philo’s Alexandria and Experience with Rome 112
B. “A Tale of Two Moseses” 117
I. Josephus’ Moses (Ant. 2–4) 117
1. Noble Lineage 118
2. Bravery and Martial Prowess 119
a) Action 121
b) Audience 121
c) Commemoration 122
d) Imitation 122
3. Education and Eloquence 124
a) Action 124
b) Audience 125
c) Commemoration 125
d) Imitation 126
4. Generous Patronage 127
a) Action 127
b) Audience 128
c) Commemoration 129
d) Imitation 129
5. The Josephan Favorite: “Piety” 130
a) Action 131
b) Audience 132
c) Commemoration 132
d) Imitation 133
II. Philo’s Portrayal of Moses’ Exemplary Leadership in Mos. 1–2 134
1. Noble Lineage 136
2. Bravery and Martial Prowess 138
3. Moses’ Education and Eloquence 139
a) Action 141
b) Audience 141
c) Commemoration 142
d) Imitation 142
4. Personal Frugality and Generous Patronage 143
5. The Philonic Favorite: “Piety” 144
a) Philo’s General View of God 145
b) Philo’s View of God in Mos. 1–2 147
c) Manifestations of Piety in Mos. 1–2 148
6. Moses Balancing Reason and Emotions 150
III. Josephus and Philo’s Elevating the Figure of Moses in Light of Roman Discourse 152
1. Josephus and Philo’s Shared Exaltation of Moses 152
2. Consolidation of Virtue in Valerius Maximus 154
a) Noble Lineage 154
b) Courage and Martial Prowess 155
c) Education and Eloquence 156
d) Personal Frugality and Generous Patronage 156
e) Piety toward the Divine 157
3. Traditional Roman Leadership Preferences in Josephus and Philo 157
4. Form: Traditional Roman Discourse of Exemplarity in Josephus and Philo 158
C. Conclusion and Implications 158
Chapter 5: Exempla and Roman Exemplarity in 1 Clement 160
A. Overview of 1 Clement 161
I. Preservation and Date of Composition 161
II. Authorship 162
III. Genre and Structure 163
IV. Occasion 164
V. Previous Scholarship on Leadership and Rhetoric in 1 Clement 165
VI. Advocating a “Native” Morality of Leadership on the Way to Restoring Harmony 168
B. Exempla in 1 Clement 169
I. Ubiquity of Exempla 169
II. Selection of Exempla 171
C. Leadership Ideals 173
I. Noble Lineage 174
II. Courage, Martial Prowess, and Endurance in 1 Clement 176
1. Martial Images 176
2. Agonistic Endurance (???????) 178
III. Eloquence 180
IV. Generous Patronage 182
V. Piety 183
1. ???????? 183
2. General Emphasis on the Divine 184
3. Piety and Orderly Ritual 186
4. Piety as Encompassing All Virtue 188
VI. Love (?????) 189
VII. Humility (??????????????) 193
1. Unelaborated Exhortations to Humility 193
2. Extended Exempla of Humility 195
3. Humility as an Enduring, Honorable Attribute in 1 Clement 197
4. Excursus: The ???????-Word Group in Ancient Mediterranean Literature 201
a) Traditional “Greco-Roman” Usage 201
i) Epictetus (55–135 CE) 204
ii) Plutarch (46–120 CE) 205
iii) Positive Usage in Plutarch 206
b) The ???????-Word Group in the LXX and Jewish Literature 209
i) Usage in the LXX 209
ii) Other Uses in Jewish Literature 212
c) The ???????-Word Group in the New Testament 213
5. “Humility” in 1 Clement as a Pauline Preservation 215
D. Conclusion 217
Chapter 6: The Martyrs of Vienne and Lyons as Exempla of Christian Leadership 219
A. Overview of the Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons 220
I. Date and Contents 220
II. Review of Scholarship on Lyons 222
B. Preservation of the Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons 230
C. The Presence and Nature of Roman Power and Culture in Gaul 235
I. General Roman Power in the Region 236
II. Roman Patronage Networks in Gaul 236
III. Roman Law and Administration in Gaul 237
IV. Roman Material Culture in Gaul 238
V. Instilling and Broadcasting Roman Mores 240
VI. Lyons and Vienne 242
D. Exemplary Discourse on Leadership in the Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons 243
I. The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne as Paragons of Leadership 243
II. The First Depiction of the Martyrs as a Group (Lyons 1.4–8) 244
III. Vettius Epagathus (Lyons 1.9–10) 246
IV. Two General Groups: Martyrs vs. the Stillborn (Lyons 1.11–13) 248
V. Blandina (Lyons 1.18–19, 37, 41–42, 53–56) 249
VI. Sanctus (Lyons 1.20–24, 38–40) 254
VII. Lyons 2.1–8 257
1. Humility 258
2. Love 260
E. Lyons in Light of Traditional Roman Leadership Attributes 262
I. Noble Lineage 262
II. Courage and Martial Prowess 263
III. Eloquence 265
IV. Patronage 265
V. Piety 266
VI. Love and Humility 266
F. Conclusion 267
Chapter 7: Conclusion 269
Bibliography 272
Index of Ancient Sources 285
A. Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Early Jewish Literature 285
B. New Testament 289
C. Philo 290
D. Josephus 292
E. Classical Literature 294
F. Early Christian Literature 299
Index of Modern Authors 305
Index of Subjects 309

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.12.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Allgemeine Geschichte ► Altertum / Antike
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Religion / Theologie ► Christentum
• ISBN-10: 3-16-154023-9 / 3161540239
• ISBN-13: 978-3-16-154023-3 / 9783161540233