The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Positive Psychological Interventions (eBook)

Acacia C. Parks, Stephen Schueller (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781118315910 (ISBN)

Infos

Collating for the first time a range of techniques in positive psychology, this handbook introduces topics such as courage, empathy and humor, and spans areas as diverse as gratitude, forgiveness and strengths. It also explores special considerations such as ethics and motivation, and offers informed conjecture on future directions in research and practice.

 

• Comprehensive content summarizes theory and research on many areas of positive psychology intervention for the first time and provides essential updates on established interventions
• Features contributions from an array of leading researchers, including Bob Emmons, Sonja Lyubomirsky and Shane Lopez
• Covers established interventions – for instance, coaching and family therapy – as well as newly developed interventions – such as schizophrenia or stopping smoking

 

Acacia Parks is Assistant Professor of Psychology at Hiram College, USA. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. Her research focuses on the efficacy of positive interventions, and the psychological and behavioral characteristics of individuals who use them. She is an associate editor of the Journal of Positive Psychology, as well as co-editor of “Activities for Teaching Positive Psychology” (APA Press). Dr. Parks is an active teacher of both positive psychology and critical writing.

 

Stephen Schueller is a Research Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine and a faculty member of the Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies (CBITs). He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and completed his clinical internship and postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco. His research focuses on developing, implementing, and evaluating Internet and mobile interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression and promotion of well-being. He is an associate editor of the Journal of Positive Psychology. Dr. Schueller is a licensed clinical psychologist and integrates positive psychology into his conceptual and applied work.

Inhalt

The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Positive Psychological Interventions 3
Contents 9
List of Contributors 13
Preface 17
References 20
Part I Established Areas of Intervention 23
1 Gratitude Interventions: A Review and Future Agenda 25
What Is Gratitude and How Is It Measured? 25
Findings from the Science of Gratitude 27
Interventions to Increase Gratitude in Adults 27
Counting blessings 28
Three Good Things 29
Grateful self-reflection 29
The “Gratitude Visit” 30
Summary of gratitude interventions 31
Interventions to Increase Gratitude in Children and Adolescents 31
Counting blessings 31
The “Gratitude Visit” 32
Learning schematic help appraisals 33
Next Steps for Gratitude Interventions 34
Use of gratitude in clinical therapy 34
Use of booster sessions to strengthen interventions 36
Consideration of moderators in interventions 36
Infusing gratitude into existing school curricula 37
Modern forms of communication and interaction 37
Conclusion 38
Note 38
References 38
2 Positive Psychological Interventions for Promoting Forgiveness: History, Present Status, and Future Prospects 42
Introduction 42
Evidence-based benefits of forgiving 44
Other uses of forgiveness interventions 44
Descriptions of Forgiveness Interventions 45
Group interventions 46
Interventions to promote forgiveness in couples 48
Do Forgiveness Interventions Work? 51
Efficacious Components of Forgiveness Interventions 53
Unresolved Questions about Forgiveness Interventions 55
What are the theories of change? 55
Are common factors at play in forgiveness interventions? 56
How does forgiveness relate to other virtues? 57
Do forgiveness interventions do more than promote forgiveness? 57
Who responds to forgiveness interventions? 58
Are cultural adaptations required? 58
Conclusion 58
References 59
3 Nurturing the Capacity to Savor: Interventions to Enhance the Enjoyment of Positive Experiences 64
Conceptual and Empirical Background to Savoring 65
Conceptual background 65
Empirical background 66
Interventions Intended to Enhance Enjoyment of Positive Experiences 67
Past-Focused Savoring Interventions 68
Thinking about positive events 68
Positive reminiscence 68
Recalling three positive daily events 71
Basking in achievement/acknowledging the role of others 71
Reflecting on recent personal acts of kindness 72
Present-Focused Savoring Interventions 72
Increasing the use of savoring strategies 72
Adopting a positive focus 74
Taking mindful photographs 74
Engaging in daily savoring exercises 75
Enhancing active-constructive communications 75
Future-Focused Savoring Interventions 75
The power of positive imagination 77
The benefits of scarcity 77
A Supplementary Meta-Analysis 78
Recommendations and Future Directions 80
Designing new interventions 80
Unresolved Issues and Concluding Thoughts 82
Acknowledgment 83
References 83
4 Strengths Interventions: Current Progress and Future Directions 88
An Overview of the Strengths Perspective 88
Various Approaches to Conceptualizing and Assessing Strengths 90
Strengths as Developed Talents: The Gallup Model 90
Strengths as Elements of Character: The Values in Action Model 91
The Current Nature of Strengths Interventions 92
Scope of This Chapter 94
Review of Existing Strengths Intervention Research 94
Strengths interventions in educational settings 94
Strengths interventions in the workplace 100
Recommendations for Practice 101
Recommendation 1: Conceptualize strengths as dynamic capacities that can be developed, not as fixed entities that are either present or absent 101
Recommendation 2: Remember that strengths are manifested in relationship with each other rather than in isolation, and that they exist in degrees rather than as qualities that an individual either possesses or lacks 103
Recommendation 3: Design strengths interventions by first delineating the desired outcomes and then integrating empirically supported strategies for their attainment into the intervention plan 104
Recommendation 4: Create a strengths intervention plan that contains elements that are designed to reinforce learning over a long time horizon 105
Suggestions for Future Research 105
References 107
5 Promoting Meaning and Purpose in Life 112
Meaning-Oriented Interventions 113
Toward New Approaches 116
A theoretical model of meaning in life 116
A new approach to promoting meaning 116
Promoting comprehension 117
Promoting purpose 123
Future Directions for Meaning-Enhancing Interventions 124
References 126
6 Empathy-Related Interventions 133
What Is Empathy? 134
Antecedents 135
Processes 136
Intrapersonal outcomes 136
Interpersonal outcomes 137
Summary 137
Empathy Interventions 138
Perspective taking 138
Instructional approaches 143
Audio/visual media 145
Skills training 147
Empathy Interventions: What Works? 149
Conclusion 151
References 152
Part II New and Emerging Areas of Intervention 157
7 Creativity as a Target and Tool for Positive Interventions 159
Creativity as a Target for Positive Interventions 160
The intrinsic value of creativity 160
Approaches to the Enhancement of Creativity 161
Cognitive/ideational approaches 161
Social/motivational approaches 162
Personality approaches 162
Two applied examples in business and education 163
Creativity as a Tool for Increasing Well-Being 166
Building Creativity-Based Positive Interventions 169
An example of a positive intervention – exploring your creative potential 170
Conclusion 170
Acknowledgments 171
Notes 171
References 172
8 Do Good Things Come to Those Who Wait?: Patience Interventions to Improve Well-Being 177
Historical Perspectives on the Virtue of Patience 177
Defining and Discriminating Patience 178
What patience is not 179
Patience and Well-Being 180
Empirically Tested Patience Interventions 181
Future Directions for Patience Interventions Research 183
Isolating patience-increasing activities 183
Improved control conditions for social desirability 184
Is patience a buffer against negative emotions or a producer of positive emotions? 184
Moving beyond individual well-being: interpersonal outcomes 185
Possible Applications of Patience Interventions 186
Note 187
References 188
9 Courage Interventions: Future Directions and Cautions 190
Definition 190
Types of Courage 191
Possible Models Leading to Interventions 192
Encouragement from others 193
Self-encouragement 194
Caution: low or negative value goals 195
Caution: genuine risk 197
Caution: research outcome concerns 197
Conclusion 198
References 198
10 Humor Intervention Programs 201
What Is Humor? 202
Measurement Issues 202
Early Humor Intervention Studies 203
The 7 Humor Habits Program 204
Home play and humor log exercises 205
Review of research testing the impact of the 7HHP 205
Use of the 7 Humor Habits Program in clinical practice 209
Considerations for Future Humor Intervention Research 210
Does pre-intervention sense of humor impact the effectiveness of the 7HHP? 210
Can brief humor interventions be effective? 210
How much engagement in training activities is needed? 211
Can morally good forms of humor be promoted? 211
From boosting resilience to well-being and flourishing? 212
Conclusion 212
Acknowledgment 213
References 213
11 Enacting Flow and Student Engagement in the College Classroom 216
Flow Theory and Student Engagement 216
Research on Flow in Educational Settings 217
Toward Interventions to Facilitate Flow and Engagement in Learning 218
The Study 220
Method 221
Results 226
Discussion 230
Facilitating Flow in Educational Contexts 232
References 233
12 Positive Education and Teaching for Wisdom 235
Understanding Wisdom: A Variety of Approaches 236
Wisdom Theory in Positive Psychology and the CSV 237
Wisdom as intellectual virtue 237
Wisdom Theories in the Science of Wisdom 238
Wisdom as personality 238
Wisdom as pragmatic expertise 239
Wisdom as balanced decision-making 240
Wisdom as narrative understanding and self-insight 240
Summary of theories of wisdom 241
Positive Education 242
Teaching for Wisdom 242
Project Wisdom and WiseSkills 243
Sternberg’s “balanced” curriculum 244
English Teacher Wisdom Project 246
Conclusion and Discussion 249
Notes 250
References 250
Part III Areas of Application 255
13 Positive Family Therapy Interventions 257
Systems Theory 257
Communication Theory 258
Social Constructivism 258
Positive Family Therapy 259
Broaden and Build Theory 260
Approach Goals 260
Interventions in PFT 261
Strengths 261
Paraphrasing 262
Positive empathy 262
Circular questioning 263
Capitalization 264
Formula First Session Task 265
Success finding 266
Visualizing success 267
The miracle question 268
Catching-your-child-being-virtuous 271
Family rituals 272
Conclusion 272
References 273
14 Applications of Positive Psychology to Individual Therapy 277
Positive Psychological Therapy Models 278
Strengths-Based Counseling 278
Strength-Centered Therapy 279
Quality of Life Therapy 281
Well-Being Therapy 283
Hope Therapy 284
Positive Psychotherapy 286
Individual Client Exercises Informed by Positive Psychology 287
Forgiveness exercises 287
Gratitude exercises 289
Altruism exercises 289
Optimism exercises 290
A note on using positive psychological interventions and exercises 291
Conclusion 291
References 291
15 Evidence-Based Coaching as a Positive Psychological Intervention 295
What Is Coaching? 295
Coaching psychology or evidence-based coaching? 296
What Is the Evidence for Evidence-Based Coaching? 298
Evidence-based coaching in organizations 298
Evidence-based coaching in education 299
The Relationship Between Positive Psychology and Coaching Psychology 301
Highly complementary disciplines 301
The emergence of positive psychology coaching 302
Strategic Integration of Positive Psychology and Coaching Psychology 302
Future Research and Implications 304
Conclusion 305
References 305
16 Online Positive Psychological Interventions: State of the Art and Future Directions 308
What Are Online Positive Psychological Interventions? 309
Definition of online interventions 309
Online positive psychological interventions 310
For whom? 311
Benefits of Online Positive Psychological Interventions 311
Self-management/empowerment 311
Population strategy by high scalability 312
Effectiveness of Online Positive Psychological Interventions 312
Examples of online positive psychological interventions 312
Online positive psychological interventions, a review of randomized controlled studies 312
The Future of Online Positive Psychological Interventions 323
Persuasion 323
Quality standards for interventions 325
Quality standards for research designs 325
Creating a business model 326
Conclusion 327
References 328
17 Resilience Interventions for Youth 332
Positive Prevention Programs 332
The Penn Resiliency Program 332
The Positive Psychology Program 334
A Positive Treatment Program: Game-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Child Sexual Abuse 335
Theoretical framework 336
Group structure 337
Therapeutic topics 338
Conducting a GB-CBT group 339
Group game examples 341
Caregiver group 342
Caregiver group games 343
Empirical research 343
Future directions 344
Conclusion 344
References 345
18 Positive Social Identity Interventions: Finding a Conduit for Well-Being in Stigmatized Group Memberships 349
The Construction of Social Identity 350
Evidence for Group Identification as a Predictor of Health and Well-Being 351
Moderators of the Well-Being Benefits of Group Identification 353
Positive Social Identity Interventions 353
Social self-definition/redefinition interventions 355
Social identity affirmation interventions 356
Collective action interventions 357
Discussion and Future Directions 358
Conclusion 360
Note 361
References 361
19 Adapting a Positive Psychological Intervention for People with Schizophrenia 366
Understanding Schizophrenia Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery 367
The Role of Positive Psychological Interventions in Recovery 368
Adapting Positive Psychotherapy for Persons with Schizophrenia 369
Results from the Positive Living Pilot Study 372
Recommendations for the Adaptation of Positive Psychological Interventions 374
Conclusion 375
References 376
20 Adapting Positive Psychology for Smoking Cessation 380
General Information on PPT-S 381
Homework 382
Participants’ Introduction to PPT 382
Three Good Things (Week 1 and Beyond) 383
Gratitude Visit (Week 2) 385
Savoring (Week 3) 386
Active-Constructive Responding (Week 4) 387
Savoring Acts of Kindness (Week 5) 388
Closing Thoughts and Memory Building (Week 6) 389
Additional Exercises 389
General Reflections 389
Recommendations 390
Conclusion 391
References 391
Part IV Special Considerations 393
21 Making Happiness Last: Using the Hedonic Adaptation Prevention Model to Extend the Success of Positive Interventions 395
Becoming Happier 395
Barriers to Becoming Happier 396
How to Sustain Happiness through Positive Activities 398
Positive emotions and events 398
Aspirations 400
Variety 401
Appreciation 403
Conclusion 404
References 405
22 Person–Activity Fit in Positive Psychological Interventions 407
Introduction 407
Why Person–Activity Fit? 408
Historical Precedents for Person–Activity Fit in Interventions 409
Theories of Person–Activity Fit 410
Strengths 411
Weaknesses 413
Specific Examples of Person–Activity Fit 414
Personality 414
Motivation 418
Ethnicity 419
Implications and Future Directions 420
Personalized Positive Psychology 420
References 421
23 Taking Culture into Account with Positive Psychological Interventions 425
The Role of Culture in Positive Interventions 426
Definitional differences across cultures 427
Differential relationships between positive constructs 428
Different manifestation of positive characteristics 430
Attention to Cultural Facets Other than Race, Ethnicity, and Nation of Origin 432
Suggestions for Researchers 432
Attention to equivalence issues 433
Avoiding deficit models 433
Over-sampling underrepresented groups 434
Moving beyond East/West distinctions and including multicultural studies 434
Conclusion 435
References 435
24 Dovetailing Ethical Practice and Positive Psychology to Promote Integrity, Industriousness, Innovation, and Impact 438
Ethical, Professional, and Scientific Standards 440
Why Are Ethical, Professional, and Scientific Standards Necessary for Positive Psychology? 441
What Do Positive Psychological Interventions Include? 442
The positive and negative divide 443
Avoiding harm (non-malificence) of positive interventions 443
Efficacy (beneficence) of positive interventions 444
Competency and training issues associated with positive interventions 446
Acknowledgment of prior work 447
Positive psychology and ethics – the ideal partnership 448
Recommendations for the Field of Positive Psychology to Flourish: Integrity, Industriousness, Innovation, and Impact 449
Integrity 449
Industriousness 449
Innovation 449
Impact 450
Moving Forward to Dovetail, and Not Just Join, Positive Psychology and Ethical/Professional Practice 450
Conclusion 451
References 452
25 Beyond Life Satisfaction: A Scientific Approach to Well-Being Gives Us Much More to Measure 455
Subjective Well-Being and Human Nature 456
Life Satisfaction Will Not Reliably Capture Well-Being 458
Available Models of Well-Being 460
Domain-Specific Patterns 461
Behavioral Measures 463
Experience Sampling – You Can Make an App for That 464
Meaning 465
Extended Well-Being – Including Close Others’ Welfare as an Extension of One’s Own 466
An Index of Well-Being 466
Conclusion 467
Note 468
References 468
26 Positive Psychological Interventions and Self-Perceptions: A Cautionary Tale 472
Cautions from Self-Enhancement Research 473
Emphasizing Positive yet Realistic Self-Perceptions 476
Progressing from Current to Ideal Self 477
The Self-Perception Equilibrium 480
Conclusion 481
Acknowledgment 481
References 481
27 Act Well to Be Well: The Promise of Changing Personality States to Promote Well-Being 484
The Study of Personality 485
Application of Manipulating Personality States to Increase Positive Affect 487
Application of Enacting Personality States to Facilitate Well-Being 488
Work performance 488
Creative thinking 489
Post-traumatic growth 490
Future Directions 491
Conclusion 492
Acknowledgments 492
References 493
Index 497

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.4.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Klinische Psychologie
• Schlagworte: Clinical psychology • Klinische Psychologie • Psychologie • Psychology • Social Psychology • Sozialpsychologie • well being, happiness, counseling, strengths, quality of life, coaching, mental health, positive thinking, courage, empathy, humor, gratitude, forgiveness, strengths, ethics, motivation
• ISBN-13: 9781118315910 / 9781118315910