Psychophysiology of Consciousness
Oxford University Press Inc (Verlag)
978-0-19-993435-5 (ISBN)
This is the last major work of Eugene N. Sokolov, Professor of Psychophysiology at Moscow State University from 1950 to 2008. It summarizes the contributions of a lifetime on the neural mechanism of consciousness. Working at the intersection of psychology, neurophysiology and mathematics, Sokolov early introduced the concept of quantifiable 'difference in neuronal activity' and 'cognitive distance' as corresponding metrics in the physical and mental models of reality. He demonstrated the power of multidimensional vector mathematics to represent the neural computations that mediate between the brain's neural model and the mind's mental model of reality.
Sokolov and colleagues showed a mathematical commonality among the neuronal mechanisms that mediate the perception of basic features of visual stimuli including color, brightness, line orientation and motion. This led to a general vector model linking perceptual and memory processes to adaptive motor mechanisms. They extended the model to encompass broader, more complex functions, such as the perception of emotions in facial expressions, semantic differences in verbal stimuli and differential executive control mechanisms. Integrating evidence from human psychophysics, animal neurophysiology and vector mathematics they developed a unified model to characterize quantitatively many complex relations between objective and subjective aspects of reality.
Sokolov's studies of neuronal mechanisms of mental phenomena led him to distinguish two categories of neurons: 'consciousness neurons' directly associated with awareness of perceptual, emotional and cognitive events, and neurons that are necessary for, but not directly involved in, conscious processes. The book integrates his findings with major themes shaping twenty-first century understanding of the brain-mind relationship. It relates the findings both to work of other Russian investigators, such as Pavlov, Luria, and Rusinov, and to work of many Western researchers, including von Bekesy, Eccles, Edelman, Ehrenstein, Grossberg, John, Koch and Crick, Ledoux, Llinas, Milner, Penfield, Penrose, Posner, and Schrödinger.
Evgenii Sokolov is one of the most famous and decorated psychologists of the twentieth century. A professor at Moscow State University, he established the school's Department of Psychophysiology, which he chaired for more than thirty years. He pursued an exceedingly productive career of interdisciplinary research and teaching that ended only with his death at the age of 87, May 14, 2008. In 1984 he was elected to the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters and received the Pavlov Gold Medal Award from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1988 he became the first Russian scientist to receive the Award for Distinguished Contributions from the Society of Psychophysiological Research. And in 1998 he was recognized by the International Organization of Psychophysiology as one of five most acclaimed neuroscientists of the twentieth century.
Table of Contents ; E.N. Sokolov (1920-2008) ; Preface ; Introduction ; Part 1. The spherical model of cognitive processing ; Chapter 1. Vector encoding in perception ; 1.1. The detector neuron ; 1.2. The neuronal structure of color space ; 1.3. Detectors of orientation and spatial frequency ; 1.4. Detectors of orientation and direction of lines in motion ; 1.5. Computation of perceptual differences: the perceptual evoked potential ; Chapter 2. From detector map to maps of memory and semantic units ; 2.1. The vector code in mismatch negativity ; 2.2. Recognition memory: vector transformation in neural networks ; 2.3. Association of memory traces based on time and similarity ; 2.4. Correlation between percepts and semantics ; 2.5. Computation of semantic differences in neural networks ; Chapter 3. Vector encoding in response conditioning ; 3.1. Synaptic mechanisms of the conditional response ; 3.2. Corticofugal and centripetal modulation of detector maps ; 3.3. Fluctuation of the pacemaker potential ; 3.4. The pacemaker potential in receptors, detectors and command neurons ; Part 2. The Neural Screen of Consciousness ; Chapter 4. The modular organization of the brain ; 4.1. The modular organization of cortical neurons. ; 4.2. Are all neurons associated with consciousness? ; 4.3. Consciousness and sleep ; Chapter 5. The mosaic nature of consciousness ; 5.1. The concept of distributed consciousness ; 5.2. Perception ; 5.3. Memory and semantics ; 5.4. Emotions ; 5.5. Subjective mosaics ; Chapter 6. Varieties of consciousness ; 6.1. Global and focal changes of consciousness ; 6.2. Special states of neurons in global and focal loss of consciousness ; 6.3. Filling-in and assimilation ; 6.4. Contrast ; 6.5. Masking ; 6.6. Supersensitivity ; Chapter 7. The neurophysiology of consciousness ; 7.1. Introspective and neuroconceptual models of consciousness ; 7.2. Re-entry ; 7.3. Consciousness and rhythmic brain activity ; 7.4. The gamma-rhythm and consciousness ; 7.5. Semantic evoked potentials ; 7.6. Consciousness neurons ; 7.7. Neurocomputation on dendrites ; 7.8. The intracellular mechanism of consciousness ; Conclusion: the spherical model of consciousness ; Bibliography
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 1.8.2013 |
|---|---|
| Übersetzer | Douglas Bowden, Alexander Chernorizov |
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 234 x 160 mm |
| Gewicht | 508 g |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-19-993435-5 / 0199934355 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-19-993435-5 / 9780199934355 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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