Handbook of Behaviorism (eBook)

Richard Kitchener, William O'Donohue (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

1998 | 1. Auflage
451 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9780080533001 (ISBN)

Infos

Handbook of Behaviorism provides a comprehensive single source that summarizes what behaviorism is, how the various flavors of behaviorism have differed between major theorists both in psychology and philosophy, and what aspects of those theories have been borne out in research findings and continue to be of use in understanding human behavior.

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Handbook of Behaviorism provides a comprehensive single source that summarizes what behaviorism is, how the various "e;flavors"e; of behaviorism have differed between major theorists both in psychology and philosophy, and what aspects of those theories have been borne out in research findings and continue to be of use in understanding human behavior.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 8
Contributors 18
Preface 20
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Behaviorisms 24
I. The Behaviorisms 24
References 36
Chapter 2. Watsonian Behaviorism 38
I. Introduction 39
II. Intellectual, Cultural, and Individual Context 41
III. Before Watsonian Behaviorism 48
IV. Watsonian Behaviorism 53
V. After Watsonian Behaviorism 72
VI. Conclusion 80
References 82
Chapter 3. Interbehaviorism and Interbehavioral Psychology 94
I. Historical Background 96
II. Ziggurat of Science and Civilization 100
III. Postulational System of Interbehavioral Psychology 104
IV. Psychological Events 106
V. Interbehaviorism and Radical Behaviorism 109
VI. Relation to Empirical Evidence 112
VII. Current Status and Future Directions 115
VIII. Epilogue 116
References 116
Chapter 4. Edward C. Tolman's Purposive Behaviorism 120
I. Purposive Behaviorism 122
II. Operational Behaviorism 126
III. Performance Vectors 129
IV. From Rats and Sowbugs to Man 132
V. A Field Theory of Learning 133
VI. The Psychology of Social Learning 136
VII. Edward Tolman: Purposive Behaviorist 138
Acknowledgments 138
References 139
Chapter 5. Clark L. Hull's Behaviorism 142
Introduction 143
Brief Biographical Sketch 143
I. Theoretical Style 145
II. S–R Analysis of Cognitive Processes 152
III. Conceptualizations of Reinforcement and Reward: Evolution of Hull's 1943 Theory 165
Concluding Comments 176
Acknowledgments 177
References 177
Chapter 6. Radical Behaviorism: B.F. Skinner's Philosophy of Science 182
I. Radical Behaviorism as Philosophy of Science 183
II. Radical Behaviorism: The Basic Issues 184
III. Radical Behaviorism and Mentalism 185
IV. Radical Behaviorism and Knowledge 193
V. Summary 199
References 200
Chapter 7. Empirical Behaviorism 202
I. Freud and Psychoanalysis 203
II. Watson and Behaviorism 203
III. Lewin and Field Theory 204
IV. HullŒSpence and Learning Theory 205
V. Skinner and ther Experimental Analysis of Behavior 207
VI. Empirical Behaviorism: Radical Behaviorism an Interbehaviorism 210
VII. The Influence of Empirical Behaviorism 212
VIII. Summary and Conclusion 213
References 213
Chapter 8. Teleological Behaviorism 218
I. Final Causes 219
II. Causation in Physics 223
III. Causation in Classical and Modern Psychology 224
IV. Causation in Skinnerian Psychology 226
V. Teleological Behaviorism 231
Acknowledgments 236
References 236
Chapter 9. Theoretical Behaviorism 240
I. Cognitive Psychology 242
II. Theoretical Behaviorism 247
III. Conclusion 261
Acknowledgments 262
References 262
Chapter 10. Biological Behaviorism 266
I. Introduction 267
II. A Brief History of the Study of Behavior 269
III. Strengths and Limitations of Manipulation-Centered Behaviorism 272
IV. An Animal-Centered Biological Behaviorism 276
V. The Feeding Behavior System in Rats: A Causal System Model 286
VI. Biological Behaviorism and Nonperipheral Causation 291
VII. Summary 299
References 300
Chapter 11. Functional Contextualism: A Pragmatic Philosophy for Behavioral Science 308
I. Mechanism and Pragmatism: Basic Definitions 310
II. Philosophical Inconsistency in Skinner's Writing 314
III. Contextualistic Behaviorism 317
IV. Goals and Contextual Schools 326
V. Functional Contextualism 329
VI. Implications of Functional Contextualism: Expanding the Analysis of Private Events 336
VII. Criticisms of Functional Contextualism 339
VIII. Conclusion 344
References 345
Chapter 12. Wittgenstein's Behaviorism 352
I. Introduction 352
II. Behaviorism as a Family-Resemblance Concept 353
III. The Case for Behaviorism 355
IV. Sensations 358
V. Diaries and Manometers 362
VI. The Behaviorist Reading 364
VII. A Problem 366
VIII. The Institution of Use 367
IX. The Institution of Pain 371
X. The Private Diary as an Institution 373
XI. Assimilating Wittgenstein 376
XII. Figure and Ground 379
XIII. Conclusion 381
References 382
Chapter 13. Ryle's Behaviorism 384
I. Gilbert Ryle 385
II. OUR-Behaviorism versus OR-Behaviorism 385
III. Ryle's Debt to Wittgenstein 387
IV. What is in Wittgenstein, But Not in Ryle 392
V. Ryle's Innovations: The Failures 393
VI. Ryle's Innovations: The Achievements 397
VII. Ryle's Critics 403
VIII. Conclusion 418
References 420
Chapter 14. Logical Behaviorism 422
I. Introduction 422
II. The Varieties of Philosophical Behaviorism 423
III. Logical Behaviorism and Psychological Behaviorism 425
IV. Logical Behaviorism and Semantic Behaviorism: Physicalism 426
V. Is Logical Behaviorism a Behaviorism at All? 428
VI. The Semantics of Logical Behaviorism 430
VII. Carnaps's "Naturalistic" Semantics 432
VIII. Conclusion 438
References 439
Chapter 15. Quine's Behaviorism 442
I. Introduction 442
II. Stage Setting 443
III. Quine's Behaviorism/Empiricism 445
IV. Behaviorism and Philosophy of Language 447
V. Philosophy of Mind 455
VI. Conclusion 457
References 458
SUBJECT INDEX 460

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.10.1998
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Biopsychologie / Neurowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
• ISBN-13: 9780080533001 / 9780080533001