International Review of Research in Mental Retardation (eBook)

eBook Download: PDF

2006 | 1. Auflage
320 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9780080469621 (ISBN)

Infos

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences.

Volume 32 of the series offers chapters in language development, residential services research, the intersection of poverty and socio-economic position with intellectual disability, prenatal stress and adverse birth outcome, fluid cognition, dietary habits, and screening for autism.

The wide range of topics covered in these chapters make Volume 32 of the International Review of Research in Mental Retardation a particularly valuable resource for academic researchers in developmental and cognitive psychology, as well as those in neuropsychology.

*Provides the most recent scholarly research in the study of mental retardation
*A vast range of perspectives is offered, and many topics are covered
*An excellent resource for academic researchers

Inhalt

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Chapter 1: Research on Language Development and Mental Retardation: History, Theories, Findings, and Future Directions 16
I. Theoretical Approaches to Language Development 17
A. Nativist Approach 17
B. Alternatives to the Nativist Approach 18
II. Nativist Assumptions and Research on Mental Retardation 24
A. Is Language Development Delayed or Different? 26
B. Is Language Development Independent of Cognition? 28
C. Do Environmental Differences Matter? 32
D. Do Performance Factors Matter? 39
III. Future Directions in Research on Language Learning and Mental Retardation 41
A. Down Syndrome 42
B. Williams Syndrome 43
C. Fragile X Syndrome 44
IV. Conclusions 46
References 47
Chapter 2: Residential Services Research in the Developmental Disabilities Sector 56
I. Introduction 56
A. Some Trends in Published Residential Services Research 57
B. Administratively Commissioned Residential Services.Research 59
II. Three Illustrative Residential Services Research Studies 61
A. Staff Turnover in Group Homes: The Best Practices Research Project, 1986-1988 61
B. Resident Perspectives: The Supported Housing Evaluation, 1992-1995 67
C. An Early Review of Statewide Individual Support Services: 1994-1996 75
III. Discussion and Final Remarks 83
References 85
Chapter 3: The Measurement of Poverty and Socioeconomic Position in Research Involving People with Intellectual Disability 92
I. Pervasive Negative Impact of Low SEP 92
II. SEP in the World's Richer Highly Stratified Societies 96
III. Low SEP Disproportionately Affects People with Intellectual Disabilities 98
IV. SEP and The Health, Well-Being, and Life Experiences of People with Intellectual Disabilities 100
A. SEP and Increased Rates of Morbidity and Negative Life Experiences 101
B. SEP and Variation in Morbidity and Negative Life Experiences 102
C. SEP as a Moderating Variable 103
V. Current Practice in Research in Intellectual Disabilities 104
VI. Improving Practice: The Measurement of SEP in Intellectual Disability Research 106
A. Definitions and Approaches to Measurement: SEP, Poverty, Social Exclusion, and Inequality 106
B. Individual and Household-Level Approaches 107
C. Area-Based Measures 113
VII. Conclusions and Recommendations 114
A. Theory 115
B. Research Design and Sampling 115
C. Measurement 116
D. Analysis 116
References 117
Chapter 4: The Influence of Prenatal Stress and Adverse Birth Outcome on Human Cognitive and Neurological Development 124
I. Birth Outcome and Developmental Disability and Delay 125
II. Birth Outcome and the Brain 126
III. Not so Very Preterm or Low Birth Weight 128
IV. Small for Gestational Age 129
V. A Slow Developmental Trajectory or Persistent Differences? 130
VI. Prenatal Stress and Birth Outcomes 132
VII. Prenatal Stress and Developmental Outcomes 132
VIII. Prenatal Stress and the Brain 133
IX. Prenatal GC Therapy as a Model of Prenatal Stress 134
X. Timing of Stress and Development 135
XI. Prenatal Stress, Growth, and the Fetal Paradigm 136
References 137
Chapter 5: Fluid Cognitive Abilities Neglected Aspects of Cognition in Research on Mental Retardation 146
I. Fluid Cognition and General Intelligence 149
II. Dissociation of Fluid Cognition from General Intelligence 151
III. Differentiating Fluid Cognition and General Intelligence: A Developmental Neuroscience Perspective 154
A. Genes and Environments 156
IV. The Study of Fluid Cognition in Research on Mental Retardation 159
A. Fluid Cognition and Development Versus Difference Approaches to the Study of MR 160
B. Motivational Approach 162
V. Implications for Research In MR of the Developmental Neuroscience Approach to Fluid Cognition 163
VI. Conclusions 166
References 167
Chapter 6: Dietary Supplementation with Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Implications for Interventions with Persons with Mental Retardation from Research on Infant Cognitive Development, ADHD, and Other Developmental Disabilities 174
I. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Mental Retardation 174
II. Nutrition, Diet, and Neurological Functioning 177
III. Why are Lipids Important? The Role of HUFAs in Neurological Functioning 179
IV. HUFA and Infant Development 181
V. HUFA and Cognitive Functioning 184
VI. HUFA and ADHD Symptoms 186
VII. Implications for Mental Retardation 195
VIII. Problems in the HUFA Research 197
IX. Summary 200
References 202
Chapter 7: Screening for Autism in Infants, Children, and Adolescents 212
I. Diagnosis in Autism 212
II. Screening for Autism 215
III. Infants and Young Children 215
A. Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation 216
B. Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT and M-CHAT) 216
C. Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year Olds 217
D. Developmental Behavior Checklist Early Screen 217
E. Summary 219
IV. Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults 220
A. Early Instruments 220
B. Recently Developed Instruments 224
V. Selecting a Screening Tool 230
A. Infants and Young Children 230
B. Children and Adolescents 232
VI. Conclusions and Future Research 232
References 237
Chapter 8: People with Mental Retardation and Psychopathology: Stress, Affect Regulation and Attachment: A Review 244
I. Introduction 244
II. Stress and Psychopathology 246
III. Affect Regulation, Stress, and Coping in People with MR 247
A. Primary Appraisal 247
B. Secondary Appraisal 248
C. Coping Strategies and Affect Regulation 250
D. Deficient Skills in People with MR 251
IV. Attachment and Affect Regulation in People With Mr 253
A. Empirical Studies of Attachment 255
B. Empirical Studies of Attachment and Mental Retardation 259
C. Conclusions on Attachment in Children with Mental Retardation 262
D. Conclusions on Interventions in Psychopathology in People with Mental Retardation 267
V. Conclusions 268
References 269
Chapter 9: Diagnosis of Depression in People with Developmental Disabilities: Progress and Problems 276
I. Introduction and General Information 276
II. Incidence and Prevalence of Depression in Persons With Mental Retardation 277
III. Diagnostic Issues in Persons With Mental Retardation 281
IV. Testing Techniques and Instruments 284
A. Dexamethasone Suppression Test 284
B. Assessment Difficulties 284
C. Modified and New Assessment Techniques and Instruments 285
V. Progress and Problems 291
References 292
Index 298
Contents of Previous Volumes 308

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 3.11.2006
• Mitarbeit: Herausgeber (Serie): Laraine Masters Glidden
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Entwicklungspsychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Klinische Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
• ISBN-13: 9780080469621 / 9780080469621