Rationality and the Reflective Mind

Keith Stanovich (Autor)

Buch | Hardcover

344 Seiten

2011
Oxford University Press Inc (Verlag)
9780195341140 (ISBN)

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In Rationality and the Reflective Mind, Keith Stanovich attempts to resolve the Great Rationality Debate in cognitive science--the debate about how much irrationality to ascribe to human cognition. He shows how the insights of dual-process theory and evolutionary psychology can be combined to explain why humans are sometimes irrational even though they possess remarkably adaptive cognitive machinery. Stanovich argues that to fully characterize differences in rational thinking, we need to replace dual-process theories with tripartite models of cognition. Using a unique individual differences approach, he shows that the traditional second system (System 2) of dual-process theory must be further divided into the reflective mind and the algorithmic mind. Distinguishing them will allow us to better appreciate the significant differences in their key functions: The key function of the reflective mind is to detect the need to interrupt autonomous processing and to begin simulation activities, whereas that of the algorithmic mind is to sustain the processing of decoupled secondary representations in cognitive simulation.
Stanovich then uses this algorithmic/reflective distinction to develop a taxonomy of cognitive errors made on tasks in the heuristics and biases literature. He presents the empirical data to show that the tendency to make these thinking errors is not highly related to intelligence. Using his tripartite model of cognition, Stanovich shows how, when both are properly defined, rationality is a more encompassing construct than intelligence, and that IQ tests fail to assess individual differences in rational thought. He then goes on to discuss the types of thinking processes that would be measured if rational thinking were to be assessed as IQ has been.

Keith E. Stanovich is Professor of Human Development and Applied Psychology at the University of Toronto. His book What Intelligence Tests Miss (Yale University Press) received the 2010 Grawemeyer Award in Education. He is the author of five other books and over 200 scientific publications on various topics in cognitive psychology.

Preface ; CHAPTER I: ; Dual-Process Theory and the Great Rationality Debate ; The Great Rationality Debate ; Individual Differences in the Great Rationality Debate ; Dual Process Theory: The Current State of Play ; Properties of Type 1 and Type 2 Processing ; Dual-Process Theory and Human Goals: ; Implications for the Rationality Debate ; The Rest of This Book: Complications in Dual Process Theory ; and Their Implications for the Concepts of Rationality and Intelligence ; CHAPTER II: ; Differentiating the Algorithmic Mind and the Reflective Mind ; Unpacking Type 2 Functioning Using Individual Differences ; Cognitive Ability and Thinking Dispositions ; Partition the Algorithmic and the Reflective Mind ; Intelligence Tests and Critical Thinking Tests ; Partition the Algorithmic from the Reflective Mind ; Thinking Dispositions as Independent Predictors of Rational Thought ; CHAPTER III: ; The Key Functions of the Reflective Mind ; and the Algorithmic Mind that Support Human Rationality ; So-Called "Executive Functioning" Measures Tap the ; Algorithmic Mind and Not the Reflective Mind ; CHAPTER IV: ; The Tri-Process Model and Serial Associative Cognition ; The Cognitive Miser and Focal Bias ; Converging Evidence in the Dual Process Literature ; CHAPTER V: ; The Master Rationality Motive and the Origins of the Nonautonomous Mind ; Metarepresentation and Higher-Order Preferences ; What Motivates the Search for Rational Integration? ; The Master Rationality Motive as a Psychological Construct ; Evolutionary Origins of the Master Rational Motive and Type 2 Processing ; CHAPTER VI: ; A Taxonomy of Rational Thinking Problems ; (with Richard F. West) ; Dual-Process Theory and Knowledge Structures ; The Preliminary Taxonomy ; Heuristics and Biases Tasks in Terms of the Taxonomy ; Multiply-Determined Problems of Rational Thought ; Missing Input from the Autonomous Mind ; CHAPTER VII: ; Intelligence as a Predictor of Performance on Heuristics and Biases Tasks ; (with Richard F. West) ; Intelligence and Classic Heuristics and Biases Effects ; Belief Bias and Myside Bias ; Why Thinking Biases Do and Do Not Associate with Cognitive Ability ; Cognitive Decoupling, Mindware Gaps, and Override Detection ; in Heuristics and Biases Tasks ; CHAPTER VIII: ; Rationality and Intelligence: Empirical and Theoretical Relationships and Implications for the Great Rationality Debate ; Intelligence and Rationality Associations in Terms of the Taxonomy ; Summary of the Relationships ; Individual Differences, the Reflective Mind, ; and the Great Rationality Debate ; Skepticism About Mindware-Caused Irrationalities ; CHAPTER IX: ; The Social Implications of Separating ; the Concepts of Intelligence and Rationality ; Broad Versus Narrow Concepts of Intelligence ; Intelligence Imperialism ; Intelligence Misidentified as Adaptation and the Deification of Intelligence ; Strategies for Cutting Intelligence Down to Size ; Society's Selection Mechanisms ; CHAPTER X: ; The Assessment of Rational Thought ; (with Richard F. West and Maggie E. Toplak) ; A Framework for the Assessment of Rational Thinking ; Operationalizing the Components of Rational Thought ; The Future of Research on Individual Differences in Rational Thought ; References ; Figures and Tables

Verlagsort	New York
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 236 mm
Gewicht	612 g
Themenwelt	Geisteswissenschaften ► Philosophie
	Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Sozialpsychologie
	Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
	Geisteswissenschaften ► Sprach- / Literaturwissenschaft ► Sprachwissenschaft
ISBN-13	9780195341140 / 9780195341140
Zustand	Neuware