Gasification (eBook)

Maarten van der Burgt, Christopher Higman (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2. Auflage
456 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-056090-8 (ISBN)

Infos

The gasification process converts any carbon-containing material into a synthesis gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam or used as a basic chemical building block for a large number of uses in the petrochemical and refining industries. Gasification adds value to low or negative value feedstocks by converting them to marketable fuels and products.

This is the first book to cover gasification as a comprehensive topic, covering its many uses, from refining, to natural gas, to coal. This book provides an up-to-date overview of commercial processes and covers applications relevant to today's demands. The new edition is expanded and provides more detail on the integration issues for current generation, state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC), CO2 capture in the IGCC context addressing the issues of pre-investment and retrofitting as well as defining what the term CO2 capture ready might mean in practice, issues of plant reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) including as evaluation of feedback from existing plants, implementation of fuel cell technology in IGCC concepts. All statistics, processes and projects, including descriptions of a number of processes not covered in the previous edition.


Chemical engineers,Petroleum Engineers, Energy Engineers and Environmental engineers

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Gasification is a process that if properly utilized can transform the world in which we live. Comprehensive in its coverage, this second edition continues the tradition of the first by providing engineers and scientists with an up-to-date overview of commercial processes and applications relevant to today's demands. Gasification, 2nd edition is expanded and provides more detail on the integration issues for current generation, state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC); CO2 capture in the IGCC context addressing the issues of pre-investment and retrofitting as well as defining what the term "e;CO2 capture ready"e; might mean in practice; issues of plant reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) including as evaluation of feedback from existing plants; implementation of fuel cell technology in IGCC concepts. All statistics, processes and projects, including descriptions of a number of processes not covered in the previous edition. Up-to-date overview of commercial processes Covers applications relevant to today's demands Addresses the issues of pre-investment and retrofitting Provides more detail on the integration issues for Integrated Gasification

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 6
Notes on the authors 10
Preface to second edition 12
Preface to first edition 14
Chapter 1 Introduction 18
1.1 Historical development of gasification 18
1.2 Gasification today 23
References 26
Chapter 2 The thermodynamics of gasification 28
2.1 Reactions 29
2.2 Thermodynamic modeling of gasification 33
2.3 Deductions from the thermodynamic model 37
2.4 Optimizing process conditions 43
References 48
Chapter 3 The kinetics of gasification and reactor theory 50
3.1 Kinetics 50
3.2 Reactor theory 56
3.3 Applications to reactor design 60
References 61
Chapter 4 Feedstocks and feedstock characteristics 64
4.1 Coals and coke 64
4.2 Liquid and gaseous feedstocks 77
4.3 Biomass 92
4.4 Wastes 100
References 104
Chapter 5 Gasification processes 108
5.1 Moving-bed processes 110
5.2 Fluid-bed processes 121
5.3 Entrained-flow processes 137
5.4 Oil gasification and partial oxidation of natural gas 160
5.5 Biomass gasification 180
5.6 Gasification of wastes 191
5.7 Black liquor gasification 195
5.8 Miscellaneous gasification processes 197
References 200
Chapter 6 Practical issues 210
6.1 Effect of pressure 210
6.2 Pressurization of coal 212
6.3 Coal sizing and drying 223
6.4 Reactor design 226
6.5 Burners 232
6.6 Synthesis gas cooling 233
6.7 Particulate removal 241
6.8 Process measurement 243
6.9 Trace components in raw synthesis gas 249
6.10 Choice of oxidant 260
6.11 Corrosion aspects 265
References 267
Chapter 7 Applications 274
7.1 Chemicals 274
7.2 Synfuels 295
7.3 Power 303
References 335
Chapter 8 Auxiliary technologies 340
8.1 Oxygen supply 340
8.2 Synthesis gas treating 345
8.3 Catalytic gas conditioning 365
8.4 Cryogenic gas treatment 371
8.5 Sulfur recovery 374
References 382
Chapter 9 Economics, environmental and safety issues 386
9.1 Economics 386
9.2 Environmental issues 394
9.3 Safety 406
References 410
Chapter 10 Gasification and the future 414
References 416
Appendix A: Companion website 418
Appendix B: Conversion factors 420
Appendix C: Emissions conversions 426
Appendix D: Guidelines for reporting operating statistics for gasification facilities 428
Appendix E: Basis for calculations 432
Nomenclature 434
List of names and abbreviations 436
Index 440
A 440
B 440
C 441
D 443
E 443
F 443
G 444
H 444
I 445
J 445
K 445
L 445
M 446
N 446
O 447
P 447
Q 448
R 448
S 449
T 451
U 451
V 451
W 451
Z 452

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.8.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bergbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 0-08-056090-3 / 0080560903
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-056090-8 / 9780080560908