Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications (eBook)

Yuan Feng, Yongxin Guo, Changrong Liu (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2024 | 1. Auflage
384 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-119-18993-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications

Join the cutting edge of biomedical technology with this essential reference

The role of wireless communications in biomedical technology is a significant one. Wireless and antenna-driven communication between telemetry components now forms the basis of cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, cochlear implants, glucose readers, and more. As wireless technology continues to advance and miniaturization progresses, it's more essential than ever that biomedical research and development incorporate the latest technology.

Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to wireless technology and its incorporation into the biomedical field. Beginning with an introduction to recent developments in antenna and wireless technology, it analyzes the major wireless systems currently available and their biomedical applications, actual and potential. The result is an essential guide to technologies that have already improved patient outcomes and increased life expectancies worldwide.

Readers will also find:

• Authored by internationally renowned researchers of wireless technologies
• Detailed analysis of CP implantable antennas, wearable antennas, near-field wireless power, and more
• Up to 100 figures that supplement the text

Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications is a valuable introduction for biomedical researchers and biomedical engineers, as well as for research and development professionals in the medical device industry.

Yongxin Guo is a Full Professor at National University of Singapore. He is a Fellow of IEEE and Singapore Academy of Engineering. He is serving as Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwave in Medicine and Biology. He is a Distinguished Lecturer for IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and his current research interests include wireless power transfer, antennas, oxford, electromagnetic sensing and MMIC modelling and design for biomedicine, internet of things and wireless communications.

Yuan Feng is a Research Fellow of National University of Singapore and an Adjunct Associate Investigator of NUS Suzhou Research Institute. Dr. Feng serves as a Reviewer for the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation and he received his PhD. from Tsinghua University, China, in 2020. His research interests include neuromodulation technology, implantable and wearable antennas for biomedical and healthcare applications, RF energy harvesting, and wireless power.

Changrong Liu is an Associate Professor at Soochow University, China, and is a member of the IEEE. He received his PhD in radio physics from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in 2015 and his research interests include LTCC-based millimeter-wave antenna array design, circularly polarized beam-steering antenna array, and implantable antennas for biomedical applications, including wireless data telemetry, and power transfer.

Textauszug

1
Introduction: Toward Biomedical Applications

1.1 Biomedical Devices for Healthcare

The advancement in healthcare and health monitoring technologies has closely paralleled the overarching trajectory of human civilization. In ancient China, for example, practitioners of traditional medicine utilized methodologies such as observation, auditory examination, inquiry, and pulse diagnosis—referred to as “Wang, Wen, Wen, Qie”—to determine an individual’s health status. These practices, marking the earliest recorded instances of health monitoring, underscored the importance of examining physical manifestations, listening to patients’ reported symptoms, inquiring about their medical history, and palpating their pulse in the diagnosis and treatment of various health conditions. Though these methods hinged on subjective assessments, they established an understanding of the crucial linkage between external physical signs and internal health conditions.

With the advent of revolutionary technological and medical breakthroughs, we have embarked on a remarkable journey toward a more precise, quantitative characterization of human health and disease states. This entails harnessing an extensive array of physical, electrical, and chemical indicators in a quest for precise and quantitative comprehension [1] (Figure 1.1). This transition, marking the dawn of modern, data-driven medicine, spurred the development of advanced biomedical devices [2]. These devices integrate sophisticated sensing technologies, data analysis algorithms, and wireless communication capabilities, paving the way for precise and continuous health monitoring [3].

Physical indicators tied to human health include metrics such as heart rate and pulse, which can be gauged through the detection of bodily mechanical movements. Electrical indicators involve signals generated by potential differences within the human body, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), and electromyograms (EMGs). These electrical signals reflect the electrical activity of the heart, brain, and muscles, respectively, offering valuable insights into the functionality of these vital organs and our overall physiological state.

Chemical indicators, including metrics such as blood oxygen saturation and glucose levels, provide crucial insights into metabolic activities and bodily functions. These parameters are measured using specialized sensors and analytical techniques, facilitating the early detection and proactive management of a myriad of health conditions, ranging from respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases to diabetes.

Figure 1.1 Physical, electrical, and chemical indicators for a human body.

Source: Chen et al. [1]/Springer Nature/CC BY 4.0.

Figure 1.2 Biomedical sensors for health monitoring.

Source: Choi et al. [3]/John Wiley & Sons.

The advent of biomedical devices has revolutionized healthcare by integrating these physical, electrical, and chemical indicators into comprehensive health-monitoring systems, as shown in Figure 1.2. Designed to measure, record, and analyze vital signs, these devices equip healthcare professionals with the data necessary to make informed decisions regarding patient diagnosis, treatment, and care. As technology continues to advance, biomedical devices are becoming increasingly miniaturized, accurate, and interconnected. This evolution not only enables individuals to actively monitor their health, but it also fosters the rise of personalized healthcare models, reshaping the healthcare landscape as we know it.

Over the years, the evolution of biomedical devices for healthcare has been marked by substantial advancements, primarily driven by the growing demand for accurate and tailored health-monitoring solutions. Initially, the focus of biomedical devices centered on recording basic vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure, using analog tools. However, the emergence of digital technology and the drive toward miniaturization have led to the transformation of these devices into intricate systems capable of monitoring a broad spectrum of physiological parameters [4].

The integration of sensor technologies [4], signal processing algorithms [5], and wireless communication capabilities [6] has spearheaded the development of wearable devices [7], remote health-monitoring systems [8], and implantable medical devices [9]. Wearable devices, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches, have gained significant popularity due to their ability to provide real-time monitoring of vital signs, physical activity, and sleep patterns. These tools empower individuals to keep track of their health and make informed lifestyle decisions.

Remote monitoring systems have brought about a revolution in healthcare, enabling medical professionals to remotely monitor patients’ health status and intervene as necessary. These systems typically utilize wearable sensors, home-monitoring devices, and mobile applications, facilitating patients to transmit their health data to healthcare providers for analysis and timely intervention. This approach is especially beneficial for individuals with chronic conditions, the elderly, and those residing in remote locations, as it minimizes the need for frequent hospital visits, thereby enhancing overall healthcare accessibility and outcomes.

Implantable medical devices have also played a pivotal role in the advancement of healthcare. These devices are surgically placed inside a human body to monitor and manage specific medical conditions. Examples of such devices include pacemakers for regulating cardiac rhythm disorders, neurostimulators for controlling chronic pain or movement disorders, and implantable glucose monitors for diabetes management. These devices often incorporate wireless communication capabilities to facilitate data transfer and remote monitoring, enabling healthcare professionals to closely track patients’ conditions and adjust treatment protocols accordingly.

The relentless advancements in technology, including miniaturization, improved power efficiency, and enhanced connectivity, have significantly broadened the capabilities of biomedical devices. Further, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms enhances the diagnostic and monitoring abilities of these devices, enabling early detection of irregularities, personalized treatment recommendations, and improved patient outcomes.

In the following sections, we will provide examples of some of the current state-of-the-art wearable and implantable medical devices. These devices showcase the advancements in technology and their potential to revolutionize healthcare.

1.1.1 Wearable Devices

As illustrated in Figure 1.3, wearable devices embody a multitude of forms, merging sophisticated sensing technologies with accessible and user-centric designs [10]. These devices offer an array of capabilities, granting individuals the opportunity to track their health indicators in real-time. Here, we delve into a variety of wearable devices, elucidating their distinct functionalities and application methods.

Figure 1.3 Wearable medical devices used in patient care.

Source: Ref. [10].

Wearable spirometers integrated with masks: Specifically designed for individuals managing respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), these devices make measuring lung function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), conveniently accessible [11]. The ability to track respiratory health, observe changes in lung function, and adjust medication or treatment plans accordingly equips users with a proactive approach to their health. Additionally, wireless communication technology facilitates data transmission to healthcare providers for remote monitoring and analysis, enabling prompt intervention and personalized care.

Wearable watches and wristbands with integrated blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse monitoring sensors: These devices offer consistent monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure, oxygen saturation levels, and pulse rate. Throughout the day, users can easily track these parameters, fostering early detection of any potential irregularities. This vital information is particularly useful for individuals managing hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, or respiratory conditions. Furthermore, wireless connectivity supports seamless transmission of vital sign data to healthcare professionals for remote monitoring, providing real-time feedback and proactive condition management [12].

Body temperature and activity tracking sensors: Devices equipped with temperature sensors and accelerometers empower users to monitor body temperature variations and track their physical activity levels [13]. These devices find versatile applications, including fitness tracking, sleep monitoring, and remote patient monitoring. With wireless connectivity, data is seamlessly transmitted to healthcare providers, allowing for remote assessments and personalized care recommendations based on collected data.

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Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.3.2024
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 1-119-18993-4 / 1119189934
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-18993-0 / 9781119189930