Interconnected Power Systems (eBook)

Wide-Area Dynamic Monitoring and Control Applications

Yong Li, Dechang Yang, Fang Liu, Yijia Cao, Christian Rehtanz (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 1st ed. 2016
XV, 223 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-662-48627-6 (ISBN)

Infos

This book reports on the latest findings in the application of the wide area measurement systems (WAMS) in the analysis and control of power systems. The book collects new research ideas and achievements including a delay-dependent robust design method, a wide area robust coordination strategy, a hybrid assessment and choice method for wide area signals, a free-weighting matrices method and its application, as well as the online identification methods for low-frequency oscillations. The main original research results of this book are a comprehensive summary of the authors' latest six-year study. The book will be of interest to academic researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in power systems who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of the WAMS.

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Preface 8
Outlines 9
Acknowledgments 11
Contents 12
1 Introduction 17
1.1 Status Quo and Trends of Interconnected Systems 17
1.2 Stability Problems of Interconnected Systems 19
1.3 WAMS Technology and Its Application in Interconnected Systems 20
1.4 Low Frequency Oscillation Analysis Methods 21
1.5 Challenges of Wide Area Dynamic Monitoring and Control 23
References 25
2 Theoretical Foundation of Low-Frequency Oscillations 28
2.1 The Basic Principles of Low-Frequency Oscillation 28
2.1.1 Local Mode 29
2.1.2 Inter-Area Mode 31
2.2 Techniques Based on System Model 34
2.2.1 Linearization of the State Equation 35
2.2.2 Calculation of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 36
2.2.3 Determination of Oscillation Parameters 37
2.2.4 Brief Summary of System Model Analysis Techniques 38
2.3 Techniques Based on Measured Information 39
2.3.1 Discrete Fourier Transform 39
2.3.2 Prony Algorithm and Multi-Prony 41
2.3.3 Wavelet Transform and Its Improvements 44
2.3.4 Hilbert--Huang Transform 46
2.4 Summary 51
References 51
3 Oscillatory Parameters Computation Based on Improved HHT 53
3.1 Introduction of Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) 53
3.1.1 The Selection of Stop Criterion for Sifting in EMD 53
3.1.2 End Effects and Extrema Symmetrical Extension 55
3.1.3 Mode-Mixing and Frequency Heterodyne Technique (FHT) 58
3.1.4 The Improved EMD Based on ESE and FHT 64
3.2 Time and Frequency Analysis of Intrinsic Mode Function 65
3.3 Normalized Hilbert Transform (NHT) 67
3.3.1 Decompose the IMF into AM and FM Parts 68
3.3.2 Calculation of the Instantaneous Frequency 69
3.3.3 Calculation of the Instantaneous Amplitude and Damping Ratio 70
3.4 The Flowchart of the Improved HHT 70
3.5 Summary 71
References 72
4 Oscillation Model Identification Based on Nonlinear Hybrid Method (NHM) 73
4.1 Identification of Dominant Oscillation Mode 73
4.2 The Processing of Oscillation Mode Identification 75
4.2.1 Calculation of the Absolute Phase (AP) and Relative Phase (RP) of IMF 75
4.2.2 Determination of Node Contribution Factor (NCF) 76
4.2.3 Computation of Approximate Mode Shape (AMS) 77
4.2.4 Coherency of the Measured Signals 78
4.2.5 Flowchart of the Nonlinear Hybrid Method (NHM) 79
4.3 Study Case 81
4.4 Summary 88
References 88
5 Identification of Dominant Complex Orthogonal Mode (COM) 89
5.1 Introduction of Spatial and Temporal Behaviors of Oscillation Mode 89
5.2 Construction of the Complex Ensemble Measurement Matrix 91
5.3 Implementations of Complex Orthogonal Decomposition (COD) 92
5.3.1 Complex Eigenvalues Decomposition (C-ED) 92
5.3.2 Complex Singular Value Decomposition (C-SVD) 93
5.3.3 Augmented Matrix Decomposition (AMD) 94
5.3.4 Definition of Relevant COMs 96
5.4 Extraction of the Propagating Features 97
5.4.1 Spatial Energy Distribution 97
5.4.2 Temporal Dynamic Characteristics 97
5.4.3 Energy Contribution Factor (ECF) 98
5.5 The Flowchart of Proposed COD 98
5.6 Study Case 99
5.6.1 Description of Sliding Window 99
5.6.2 Sliding Window Recursive Algorithm (SWRA) of COD 100
5.6.3 Applications of the COD-SWRA 101
5.7 Summary 105
References 105
6 Basic Framework and Operating Principle of Wide-Area Damping Control 107
6.1 Basic Framework of Wide-Area Damping Control 107
6.2 Operating Principle of Wide-Area Damping Control 109
6.3 System Modeling 112
6.3.1 SMIB System with FACTS WADC 112
6.3.2 System Modeling Based on Direct Feedback Linearization Theory 112
6.4 Summary 115
References 115
7 Coordinated Design of Local PSSs and Wide-Area Damping Controller 117
7.1 Overview of Optimization Method 117
7.2 Description of Sequence Design and Global Optimization Method 118
7.2.1 Structure of PSS and HVDC-WADC 118
7.2.2 Design Procedure 118
7.3 Methodological Implementation 121
7.3.1 Damping Distribution 121
7.3.2 Sequential Design 121
7.3.3 Global Optimization 122
7.4 Case Study 123
7.4.1 AC/DC Hybrid Interconnected Systems 123
7.4.2 Result of Damping Distribution 124
7.4.3 Design Result 126
7.4.4 Performance Validation 128
7.4.4.1 Eigenvalue Analysis 128
7.4.4.2 Nonlinear Simulation 130
7.5 Summary 132
References 133
8 Robust Coordination of HVDC and FACTS Wide-Area Damping Controllers 135
8.1 Overview of Wide-Area Damping Control 135
8.2 Description of Wide-Area Control Networks Using Multiple Power Electronics-Based Controllers 136
8.3 Controller Design Formulation 137
8.3.1 Multi-objective Synthesis of Wide-Area Robust Control 137
8.3.2 Pole Placement in LMI Regions 138
8.4 Design Procedure of Wide-Area Robust Coordinated Control 139
8.5 Case Study 140
8.5.1 Choice of Suitable Wide-Area Control Signals 140
8.5.2 Robust Design of HVDC- and FACTS-WADC 142
8.5.3 Evaluation of Robust Performance 144
8.5.4 Nonlinear Simulation 146
8.6 Summary 148
References 148
9 Assessment and Choice of Input Signals for Multiple Wide-Area Damping Controllers 150
9.1 Overview of Signal Selection Methods 150
9.2 Description of Relative Gain Array and Residue Analysis 151
9.2.1 Power System Model 151
9.2.2 Residue Analysis Method 152
9.2.3 RGA Analysis Method 152
9.2.3.1 Definition of RGA 152
9.2.3.2 Calculation of RGA 153
9.2.3.3 Properties of RGA 154
9.3 Signal Selection Procedure 154
9.4 Case Study 156
9.4.1 Preselection of Input Signal Candidates 157
9.4.2 Final Choice of Effective Input Signals 158
9.4.3 Comparison with Local Control and Other Wide-Area Control Pairs 160
9.4.4 Design of Multiple HVDC- and FACTS-WADCs 161
9.4.5 Validation of Control Performance 163
9.4.5.1 Case 1: Damping Performance of Multiple WADCs 163
9.4.5.2 Case 2: Influence of Wide-Area Control to the Local Control 164
9.4.5.3 Case 3: Robustness at Different Operating Scenarios 164
9.5 Summary 166
References 167
10 Free-Weighting Matrix Method for Delay Compensation of Wide-Area Signals 168
10.1 Time-Delay Power System 168
10.1.1 Description of Delay Power System with Wide-Area Signals' Delay 169
10.1.2 Stability Analysis of Time-Delay Power System 171
10.2 Description of Free-Weighting Matrices (FWMs) Method 172
10.3 General Configuration of FACTS-WADC Based on FWMs Approach 175
10.4 FWMs Approach-Based FACTS-WADC Design 176
10.5 Cases Study 182
10.5.1 4-Machine 2-Area System 182
10.5.2 16-Machine 5-Area Test System 184
10.6 Summary 187
References 190
11 Design and Implementation of Delay-Dependent Wide-Area Damping Control for Stability Enhancement of Power Systems 192
11.1 System Description 192
11.2 Hardware Design 193
11.3 Design of the Control Algorithm 197
11.3.1 Classic Phase Compensation Method 197
11.3.2 Delay-Dependent State-Feedback Robust Design Method 199
11.3.3 Delay-Dependent Dynamic Output-Feedback Control Method 202
11.4 Algorithm Implementation 204
11.4.1 Discrete-Time Model for the Hardware Controller 204
11.4.2 Algorithm Flowchart 207
11.5 Experimental Results 210
11.6 Summary 214
References 214
12 Design and Implementation of Parallel Processing in Embedded PDC Application for FACTS Wide-Area Damping Control 216
12.1 System Description 216
12.2 Design of the Embedded System 218
12.3 Implementation of the Embedded System 220
12.3.1 Data Receiving via Communication Network 220
12.3.2 Data Processing 221
12.3.3 Monitoring and Protection 223
12.3.4 Wide-Area Damping Controller 225
12.3.5 Control Output Through SPI and External DAC 226
12.4 Parallel Processing of the Embedded System 228
12.5 Experimental Result 230
12.6 Summary 236
References 236

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.12.2015
• Reihe/Serie: Power Systems
• Zusatzinfo: XV, 223 p. 143 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: dynamic monitoring • flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) • high-voltage direct current (HVDC) • Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) • Wams • wide area control • Wide area measurement systems (WAMS)
• ISBN-10: 3-662-48627-X / 366248627X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-662-48627-6 / 9783662486276