Drives and Control for Industrial Automation (eBook)

Andi Sudjana Putra, Kok Kiong Tan (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2011
XIII, 182 Seiten
Springer London (Verlag)
978-1-84882-425-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Drives and Control for Industrial Automation presents the material necessary for an understanding of servo control in automation. Beginning with a macroscopic view of its subject, treating drives and control as parts of a single system, the book then pursues a detailed discussion of the major components of servo control: sensors, controllers and actuators. Throughout, the mechatronic approach - a synergistic integration of the components - is maintained, in keeping with current practice.

The authors' holistic approach does not preclude the reader from learning in a step-by-step fashion - each chapter contains material that can be studied separately without compromising understanding. Drives are described in several chapters according to the way they are usually classified in industry, each comprised of its actuators and sensors. The controller is discussed alongside. Topics of recent and current interest - piezoelectricity, digital communications and future trends - are detailed in their own chapters.

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Drives and Control for Industrial Automation presents the material necessary for an understanding of servo control in automation. Beginning with a macroscopic view of its subject, treating drives and control as parts of a single system, the book then pursues a detailed discussion of the major components of servo control: sensors, controllers and actuators. Throughout, the mechatronic approach - a synergistic integration of the components - is maintained, in keeping with contemporary practice.The authors' holistic approach does not preclude the reader from learning in a step-by-step fashion - each chapter contains material that can be studied separately without compromising understanding. Drives are described in several chapters organized according to the way they are usually classified in industry, each comprised of its actuators and sensors. The controller is discussed alongside. Topics of recent and current interest - piezoelectricity, digital communications and future trends - are detailed in their own dedicated chapters.Drives and Control for Industrial Automation is primarily written for engineers and researchers interested in the applications of sensors, actuators and control systems in the automated environment. The discussion is thorough with the basics laid out succinctly but in sufficient detail to be useful to non-expert readers so students will also find this monograph a profitable source of information.

Inhalt

Series Editors' Foreword 8
Preface 10
Contents 12
Overview of Servo Control 15
Objectives of Servo Control 15
Elements of a Servo Control 18
Measurement 19
Actuation 19
Power Moderation 19
Control 20
Putting Them All Together 21
Servo Hydraulic and Pneumatic Drive 22
Overview of Servo Hydraulic and Pneumatic Drive 22
Fundamentals of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Drives 24
Basic Definitions and Principles 25
Weight and Weight Density 25
Pressure 25
Flow Rate 25
Pascal's Law 26
Bernoulli's Equation 26
Bulk Modulus 26
Boyle's Law 27
Viscosity 27
Hydraulic Liquid 27
Benefits of Fluidic Drives 28
Components of Fluidic Drives Systems 29
Primary Power Source 29
Hydraulic Pump 29
Types of Positive Displacement Pumps 31
Boost Pump 34
Performance Indicators of the Pump 34
Hydraulic Motor 35
Types of Hydraulic Motors 35
Performance Indicators of Hydraulic Motors 38
Hydraulic Piston/Cylinder 38
Loading Piston 39
Cushioning Cylinder 39
Sealing 39
Performance Indicators of Hydraulic Cylinder 39
Control Valves 40
Evolution of Control Valves 40
Fundamentals of Control Valves 41
Proportional Control Valve 42
Servo Control Valve 44
Classification of Control Valves Based on Functions 45
Performance Indicators of Control Valves 47
Sensors 48
Pressure 48
Flow 50
Temperature 51
Auxiliary Equipment 52
Pressure Relief Valve 52
Check Valve 53
Shuttle Valve 53
Filter 53
Flow Divider 54
Accumulator 54
Basic Hydraulic Circuits 55
Constant Flow System 55
Constant Pressure System 56
Constant Power System 56
Interlock of Hydraulic Circuits 57
Electric Drives 58
Overview of Electric Drives 58
Electric Motors 60
Stepper Motor 62
DC Motor 64
AC Motor 69
Synchronous Motor 70
Squirrel-cage Motor 73
Wound-rotor Motor 74
Linear Motor 75
Power Electronics 76
DC to DC Converter 78
Class A Converter 79
Class B Converter 80
Class C Converter 81
Class E Converter 82
Cuk Converter 82
Flyback Converter 83
DC to AC Converter 83
AC to AC Converter 86
AC to DC Converter 87
Sensors 89
Position Measurement 90
Encoder 90
Potentiometer 90
Opto-transducer 91
Linear Variable Displacement Transformer (LVDT) 91
Strain Gauge 92
Velocity Measurement 94
Acceleration Measurement 94
Torque Measurement 95
Configuring an Electric Drive Application 96
Piezoelectric Drives 99
Solid-state Actuators and Piezoelectric Actuators 99
Piezoelectricity 101
Nonlinearity in Piezoelectric Actuators 102
Mechanical Linkages for Piezoelectric Drives 105
Notch Joints 107
Cross-strip Pivot and Cartwheel Hinge 107
Passive Joints 109
Compliant Revolute Joint 110
Compliant Translational Joint 110
Example of Application 111
Control System in Servo Drives 117
Open-loop Versus Closed-loop Control 117
Servo Control Challenges 118
System Design 118
Mechanical Components 118
Electronic Components 119
Nonlinear Dynamics 119
Sensor Characteristics 119
Friction 120
Force Ripples 121
Hysteresis and Backlash 122
Saturation 123
Dead Zone 124
Disturbances 125
Reference Signal Changes 125
Low-frequency Drift 125
High-frequency Noise 125
Servo Control Structures 126
Trajectory Generator 126
Feedback Control 126
Components of PID Controller 128
Tuning the PID Controller 133
Integrator Wind-up 136
Feedforward Compensator 138
States Feedback with Observers 139
Notch Filter 142
Implementation 143
Digital Control 143
Discretization 144
Inputs/Outputs 146
Analog Control 146
IEC 61131-3 Programming Standards 147
Ladder Diagrams 148
Instruction List (IL) 149
Structured Text (ST) 149
Sequential Function Charts (SFC) 150
Function Block Diagrams (FBD) 152
Continuous Function Chart (CFC) 154
Digital Communication Protocols 155
Evolution of Fieldbuses 155
Distributed Control Systems 155
Issues of Proprietary Protocols 157
Fieldbus Protocol Stack 160
Physical Layer 161
Link Layer 164
Network Layer 166
Application Layer 166
User Layer 166
Traversing the Stack 167
Common Fieldbuses 167
CANopen 167
Profibus 168
Foundation Fieldbus 169
Firewire 170
Sercos 171
Ethernet 171
Applications in Hydraulic/Pneumatic and Electric Drives 173
Fieldbuses in Hydraulic/Pneumatic Drives 174
Fieldbuses in Electric Drives 174
Trends in Motion Control 175
Background 175
Nanotechnology 175
Biotechnology 176
Ultra-precision Machining 177
Ultra-precision Spindles 177
Excimer Laser Micromachining 177
Micro-fabrication 178
Lithography 178
Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) 179
Micro-assembly 179
Precision Metrology and Test 180
Driving Technologies 180
Micromanufacturing 180
Microassembly 181
Micrometrology 181
References 183
Index 189

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 16.11.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Industrial Control
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 182 p.
• Verlagsort: London
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Logistik / Produktion
• Schlagworte: Communications protocols • Control • Control Applications • control engineering • Drives • Manufacturing • Motion Control • OJ1412 • sensors • Servo Control
• ISBN-10: 1-84882-425-4 / 1848824254
• ISBN-13: 978-1-84882-425-6 / 9781848824256