Pneumatic Drives (eBook)

System Design, Modelling and Control

Peter Beater (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2007
XIV, 324 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-69471-7 (ISBN)

Infos

This book covers the whole range of today's technology for pneumatic drives. It details drives for factory automation and automotive applications as well as describes the technology for the process industry like positioners or spring-and-diaphragm. In addition, the book examines several control strategies like binary mode cylinder drives or position controlled drives and computer aided analysis of complex systems.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
Nomenclature 12
1 Introduction 14
2 Properties of Compressed Air 17
2.1 Mathematical Model of Air 18
2.2 Atmospheric Air 20
2.3 Definitions Related to Compressed Air 21
3 Thermodynamic Processes 23
3.1 Constant Volume Processes 23
3.2 Constant Pressure Processes 25
3.3 Constant Temperature Processes 30
3.4 Reversible Processes without Heat Transfer 30
3.5 Polytropic Processes 32
3.6 General Processes 34
3.7 Sonic Velocity 35
4 Some Results from Fluid Mechanics 36
4.1 Viscosity 37
4.2 Continuity Equation 38
4.3 Free Discharge from Nozzles 39
4.4 Orifice Flow 43
4.5 Frictional Flow 47
5 Engineering Flow Rate Calculations 51
5.1 Mathematical Flow Rate Model 51
5.2 Flow Rate Characteristics of Restrictions 58
5.3 Simplified Flow Calculations 59
5.4 Flow Capacity Specifications in Data Sheets 60
6 Modelling of Long Lines 65
6.1 Steady-State Losses of Long Lines 65
6.2 Steady-State Losses of Fittings 72
6.3 Time Domain Models 75
6.4 Frequency Domain Models 86
7 Electro-Mechanical Converters 90
7.1 Solenoids 90
7.2 Voice Coil and Plunger Type Systems 102
7.3 Piezoelectric Actuators 103
8 Cylinders 107
8.1 Stroke Cushioning 110
8.2 Mathematical Model 120
8.3 Cylinder Parameters 124
9 Non-Standard Linear Actuators 135
9.1 Multi-Position and Tandem Cylinders 135
9.2 Rodless Cylinders 138
9.3 Bellows 141
9.4 Rolling-Diaphragm Cylinders 145
9.6 Brake Chambers 147
9.5 Muscle Actuators 148
9.6 Impact and Knocking Cylinders 150
10 Semi-Rotary Actuators 152
10.1 Cylinder Based Actuators 152
10.2 Vane Type Actuators 155
11 Air Motors and Air Turbines 157
11.1 Vane Motors 159
11.2 Air Turbines 174
12 Directional Control Valves 177
12.1 Design of Directional Control Valves 179
12.2 Operation of Directional Control Valves 181
12.3 Simulation Model of Directional Control Valves 187
13 Shut-Off Valves 190
13.1 Non-Return Valves 190
13.2 Non-Return Valves with Override 193
13.3 Shuttle Valves 194
13.4 Twin Pressure Valves 195
13.5 Quick Exhaust Valves 196
14 Pressure Control Valves 198
14.1 Spring Controlled Pressure Regulators 198
14.2 Electrically Operated Pressure Regulators 212
14.3 Pressure Regulators with Closed-Loop Control 214
14.4 Pressure Relief Valves 217
14.5 Soft-Start Valves 218
15 Flow Control Valves 220
15.1 Throttling Valve 220
15.2 One-Way Flow Control Valve 221
15.3 Delay Valve 222
15.4 Automatic Shut-Off Valves 223
16 Proportional Directional Control Valves 225
16.1 Design of Proportional Directional Control Valves 226
16.2 Operation of Proportional Directional Control Valves 228
16.3 Simulation Model of Proportional Control Valves 233
16.4 Reports about Experimental and Commercial Valves 236
17 Stroke-Time Control 238
17.1 Circuits using Quick Exhaust Valves 240
17.2 Meter-Out Control 242
17.3 Meter-In Control 244
17.4 Circuits using Two Pressures 246
17.5 Oil Cushioning 248
18 Position Control of Pneumatic Systems 250
18.1 Mathematical Model for Control System Design 252
18.2 Model of Control Valves 253
18.3 Pressure Dynamics 256
18.4 Equation of Motion 259
18.5 Control Laws 262
18.6 Performance of a Commercial System 268
19 Control of Actuators for Process Valves 272
19.1 Characteristics of Process Control Systems 274
19.2 Positioners 276
20 Digital Simulation 283
20.1 Modelling Approaches 284
20.2 Principles of Object-Oriented Modelling 288
20.4 Fluid Power Libraries in Modelica 291
20.5 Library Solution for Example 295
20.6 Multi-Domain Models 296
References 299
Index 321

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.2.2007
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 324 p. 244 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Actuator • Actuators • Automation • Complex System • Compressed Air • Control • Control Valves • Electro-mechanics • Flow Rate • fluid mechanics • Hydraulic drives • Modeling • Process Valves • Turbine • Valves
• ISBN-10: 3-540-69471-4 / 3540694714
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-69471-7 / 9783540694717