Used Battery Collection and Recycling (eBook)

G. Pistoia, J.-P. Wiaux, S.P. Wolsky (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2001 | 1. Auflage
384 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054347-5 (ISBN)

Infos

This book covers all aspects of spent battery collection and recycling. First of all, the legislative and regulatory updates are addressed and the main institutions and programs worldwide are mentioned. An overview of the existing battery systems, of the chemicals used in them and their hazardous properties is made, followed by a survey of the major industrial recycling processes. The safety and efficiency of such processes are stressed. Particular consideration is given to the released emissions, i.e. to the impact on human health and the environment. Methods for the evaluation of this impact are described. Several chapters deal with specific battery chemistries: lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride, zinc (carbon and alkaline), lithium and lithium-ion. For each type of battery, details are provided on the collection/recycling process from the technical, economic and environmental viewpoint. The chemicals recoverable from each process and remarketable are mentioned. A chapter deals with recovering of the large batteries powering electric vehicles, e.g. lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion. The final chapter is devoted to the important topic of collecting batteries from used electrical and electronic equipment. The uncontrolled disposal of these devices still containing their batteries contributes to environmental pollution.

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Used Battery Collection and Recycling covers all aspects of spent battery collection and recycling. First of all, the legislative and regulatory updates are addressed and the main institutions and programs worldwide are mentioned. An overview of the existing battery systems, of the chemicals used in them and their hazardous properties is made, followed by a survey of the major industrial recycling processes. The safety and efficiency of such processes are stressed. Particular consideration is given to the released emissions, i.e. to the impact on human health and the environment. Methods for the evaluation of this impact are described. Several chapters deal with specific battery chemistries: lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride, zinc (carbon and alkaline), lithium and lithium-ion. For each type of battery, details are provided on the collection/recycling process from the technical, economic and environmental viewpoint. The chemicals recoverable from each process and remarketable are mentioned. A chapter deals with recovering of the large batteries powering electric vehicles, e.g. lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion. The final chapter is devoted to the important topic of collecting batteries from used electrical and electronic equipment. The uncontrolled disposal of these devices still containing their batteries contributes to environmental pollution.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Table of Contents 10
Preface 6
List of Contributors 8
Chapter 1. Environmental and Human Health Impact Assessments of Battery Systems 14
Abstract 14
Introduction 15
Battery Raw Materials Production 18
Manufacture of Battery Systems 23
Use and Maintenance of Battery Systems 28
Disposal of Spent Batteries 30
Environmental and Human Health Impact Assessments 35
Cycle Life Analysis of Battery Systems 39
Conclusions 44
References 45
Chapter 2. Portable Rechargeable Batteries in Europe: Sales, Uses, Hoarding, Collection and Recycling 48
Introduction 48
The European Market of Portable Rechargeable Batteries 52
Hoarding of Portable Rechargeable Batteries 56
Batteries in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 74
Collection of Spent Rechargeable Batteries 79
Collection Efficiency and Recycling Rate 89
Conclusions 94
References 96
Chapter 3. Battery Collection and Recycling in Japan 100
Introduction 100
Treatment of Spent Primary Dry Cells 101
Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Batteries 104
Collection and Recycling Activities for Portable Rechargeable Batteries 107
Chapter 4. Ni-Cd Battery Collection and Recycling Programs in the U.S.A. and Canada 118
Introduction 118
The environmental issues 119
The NiCd Battery Recycling Problem 121
The Industry NiCd Battery Recycling Program 122
The INMETCO NiCd Battery Recycling Process 126
Chapter 5. Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ni-Cd Batteries 132
Introduction and Principal Findings 132
The Nature and Implications of Rechargeable Ni-Cd Battery Distribution 134
Ni-Cd Battery Recycling Esperiences Within the OECD 136
The RBRC Program - Canada and the U.S 149
Lessons Learned & Recommendations for Action
Chapter 6. Nickel-Cadmium and Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Treatments 160
Background 160
Treatment of Nickel Cadmium Batteries 163
Today's Battery Recycling Companies 175
Conclusion 187
Chapter 7. Primary Battery Recycling in Europe 190
Battery Definition 190
Battery Collection 190
Battery Recycling 204
Battery Sorting 212
Integrating with Existing Recycling Operations 222
Conclusions 235
References 236
Chapter 8. Lead-Acid Batteries 238
Introduction 238
The Environmental and Health Impact 238
Economical Aspects 241
Lead Accumulator Structure 243
The Collection of Spent Batteries 247
Comparison With Other Countries of the European Union 252
Collection Modes and Recycling Techniques 264
Conclusions 274
Chapter 9. Recycling The Lithium Battery 276
Introduction 276
Background 276
The Hazards and Safety Aspects of Recycling Lithium Batteries 280
Environmental Concerns of Recycling Lithium Batteries 285
Sorting, Packaging, Storage, and Transporting of Lithium Batteries for Recycling 287
Lithium Battery Recycling Technologies 290
The Toxco's Background and Processing Method 292
Two of Toxco's Typical Chemical Analyses 295
Conclusion 304
Chapter 10. Recycling of Electric Vehicle Batteries 308
Introduction 308
Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Batteries 310
General Recycling Issues, and Drivers 317
Existing Methods for EV Battery Recycling 321
Optimized Recycling Processes for Advanced Batteries 330
Recycling Prospects for Future Advanced Batteries 333
Summary 335
References 337
Appendix A. Most Common Types of Commercial Batteries 342
Appendix B. Main Legislation on Battery Waste in the U.S.A. and E.U. 354
Subject Index 382

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.11.2001
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Schulbuch / Wörterbuch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054347-2 / 0080543472
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054347-5 / 9780080543475