Communication Acoustics (eBook)

Jens Blauert (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 2005
XIV, 379 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-27437-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Communication Acoustics deals with the fundamentals of those areas of acoustics which are related to modern communication technologies. Due to the advent of digital signal processing and recording in acoustics, these areas have enjoyed an enormous upswing during the last 4 decades. The book chapters represent review articles covering the most relevant areas of the field. They are written with the goal of providing students with comprehensive introductions. Further they offer a supply of numerous references to the relevant literature. Besides its usefulness as a textbook, this will make the book a source of valuable information for those who want to improve or refresh their knowledge in the field of communication acoustics - and to work their way deeper into it. Due to its interdisciplinary character Communication Acoustics is bound to attract readers from many different areas, such as: acoustics, cognitive science, speech science, and communication technology.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 12
1 Analysis and Synthesis of Auditory Scenes 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Analysis of Auditory Scenes 18
1.3 Synthesis of Auditory Scenes 25
1.4 Discussion and Conclusions 31
References 33
2 Evolutionary Adaptations for Auditory Communication 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Sender Adaptations 40
2.3 Coping with the Properties of the Transmission Channel 41
2.4 Receiver Adaptations 42
2.5 Auditory Scene Analysis 49
2.6 Concluding Remarks 52
References 53
3 A Functional View on the Peripheral Human Hearing Organ 58
3.1 Introduction 58
3.2 Cochlea 62
3.3 Ear Canal and Middle Ear 67
3.4 Direct Bone Conduction to the Cochlea 79
3.5 Conclusions 83
References 84
4 Modelling of Binaural Hearing 86
4.1 Introduction 86
4.2 Analysis of Binaural Cues by Humans 87
4.3 Computational Analysis of Binaural Cues 91
4.4 Decision Process 100
4.5 Detection Algorithms 108
4.6 Localization in Multiple-Sound-Source Scenarios 111
List of Abbreviations and Mathematical Symbols 113
References 114
5 Audio–Visual Interaction in the Context of Multi- Media Applications 120
5.1 Introduction 120
5.2 Basic Observations of Spatio-Temporal Interaction in Audio- Visual Stimuli 122
5.3 Cross-Modal Effects in Auditory-Visual Attention 129
5.4 Auditory and Visual Speech Perception 131
5.5 Perceived Quality of Auditory-Visual Stimuli 132
5.6 Sensitivity to Temporal Asynchrony in AV Stimuli 136
5.7 Concluding Remarks 144
References 145
6 Psycho-Acoustics and Sound Quality 150
6.1 Introduction 150
6.2 Methods 151
6.3 Modelling of Psycho-Acoustic Quantities 154
6.4 Sound Quality 161
6.5 The Meaning of Sounds 164
6.6 Image of Brand Names 166
6.7 Audio–Visual Interactions 168
6.8 Outlook 170
References 171
7 Quality of Transmitted Speech for Humans and Machines 174
7.1 Introduction 174
7.2 Quality Aspects of Human-Human Interaction over the Phone 180
7.3 Quality Aspects of Human-Machine Interaction over the Phone 185
7.4 Quality Assessment and Prediction 190
7.5 Conclusions and Outlook 199
References 201
8 Assigning Meaning to Sounds – Semiotics in the Context of Product- Sound Design 204
8.1 Introduction 204
8.2 Product Sound and Semiotics 205
8.3 The Sound as a Sign 205
8.4 What is Semiotics? 206
8.5 What is a Sign? 208
8.6 What is Semiosis and How Does Semiosis Take Place? 209
8.7 What are the Functions of Signs? 215
8.8 Links Between Semiotics and Product-Sound Design 216
8.9 Semiosis of Product Sounds 219
8.10 Conclusions to be Drawn for Product- Sound Design 224
8.11 Acoustic Design Between Innovation and Convention 226
8.12 Conclusions 229
References 230
9 Binaural Technique – Basic Methods for Recording, Synthesis, and Reproduction 233
9.1 Introduction 233
9.2 Theory 235
9.3 Headphone Reproduction 241
9.4 Performance with Binaural Recordings 244
9.5 Binaural Synthesis 249
9.6 Applications 255
References 258
10 Hearing-Aid Technology 265
10.1 Hearing-Instrument Design 265
10.2 Chip Technologies 267
10.3 Advantages of Digital Signal Processing 269
10.4 Technological Restrictions 269
10.5 Digital Hearing Instruments 270
10.6 Directional Microphone Systems 271
10.7 Frequency-Dependent Filtering 275
10.8 Noise Reduction 277
10.9 Dynamic Compression 279
10.10 Feedback Reduction 279
10.11 Classification of Listening Situations 281
10.12 Hearing-Instrument Components 283
10.13 Hearing-Instrument Fitting 284
10.14 Summary and Outlook 284
References 284
11 Auditory Virtual Environments 287
11.1 Introduction 287
11.2 Auditory-Virtual-Environment Components 288
11.3 Current Systems and Research Issues 297
11.4 Conclusions 301
References 302
12 The Evolution of Digital Audio Technology 308
12.1 Introduction 308
12.2 Technology Evolution 312
12.3 Emerging Technologies 321
12.4 Conclusions 323
References 324
13 Speech Production – Acoustics, Models, and Applications 329
13.1 Introduction 329
13.2 Mechanism of Speech Production 329
13.3 The Acoustics of Speech Production 332
13.4 Speech-Production Models Based on Discrete- Time Acoustic Tubes 332
13.5 Parameter Estimation 337
13.6 Applications 342
References 343
14 Speech and Audio Coding – Aiming at High Quality and Low Data Rates 346
14.1 Introduction and Fundamentals 346
14.2 Speech Coding 353
14.3 Audio Coding – An Even Shorter Overview 366
14.4 Further Work and Results 368
14.5 Further Reading 369
List of abbreviations 369
References 371
Index 374

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.12.2005
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 379 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: acoustics • Audio Coding • Auditory Scenes • Communication • digital signal processing • Human Hearing Organ • Information • Modeling • Psycho-Acoustics • Signal Processing • Sound • Sound design • Speech Production
• ISBN-10: 3-540-27437-5 / 3540274375
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-27437-7 / 9783540274377