International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) (eBook)

Polymers for Resilient and Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure

Mahmoud M. Reda Taha (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018
XV, 757 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-78175-4 (ISBN)

Infos

This volume collects the proceedings from the International Congress of Polymers in Concrete 2018 (ICPIC), held under the theme 'Polymers for Resilient and Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure.' ICPIC 2018 provides an opportunity for researchers and specialists working in the fields of polymers to exchange ideas and follow the latest progress in the use of polymers in concrete infrastructure. It also showcases the use of polymers and polymer concrete in sustainable and resilient development, and provides a platform for local and overseas suppliers, developers, manufacturers and contractors using polymers, polymer concrete and polymer composites in concrete structures to develop new business opportunities and follow the latest developments in the field.

The International Congress of Polymers in Concrete is an international forum that has taken place every three years for the last 40 years with the objective of following progress in the field of polymers and their use in concrete and construction. Following 15 successful congresses held in London (1975), Austin (1978), Koriyama (1981), Darmstadt (1984), Brighton (1987), Shanghai (1990), Moscow (1992), Oostende (1995), Bologna (1998), Honolulu (2001), Berlin (2004), Chuncheon (2007), Funchal (2010), Shanghai (2013) and Singapore (2015), the 16th ICPIC will take place in Washington, DC, from April 29 to May 1st, 2018.

Dr. Mahmoud Reda Taha, PEng, Professor, Chair and Regents' Lecturer, UNM Civil Engineering. He is a bridge engineer by training and has been a professor at UNM for 15 years where he taught civil engineering materials, fracture mechanics and structural design classes. His research on nanotechnology has been funded by major funding agencies in the US including NSF, DOD and DOE. He has published extensively on mechanical characterization of nano-modified cementitious and polymer composites with more than 300 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has 3 issued and 7 pending US patents. He is a Fellow of American Concrete Institute (FACI) and currently serves as the Chairman of ACI committee on polymers and adhesives in concrete, associate editor of ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering and co-chair of ASCE committee on emerging technologies as part of ASCE Infrastructure Resilience Division.

Inhalt

Contents 6
Part I: Keynote Papers 16
Chapter 1: Concrete-Polymer Materials: How Far Have We Come, and Where Do We Need to Go? 17
1 Introduction 17
2 How Far Have We Come? 18
3 Where Do We Need to Go? 19
4 Conclusions 27
References 27
Chapter 2: Polymer Concrete for Bridge Preservation 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Latex-Modified Concrete Overlays 29
3 Polymer Concrete Overlays 32
3.1 Materials 33
3.2 Construction, Surface Preparation, and Methods of Application 34
3.3 Performance of PC Overlays, Service Life, and Cost 35
4 High Friction Surface Treatments 36
5 Gravity Fill Polymer Crack Fillers 36
6 PC and PMC Closure Pours for Precast Deck Elements 37
7 Standard Practice 38
8 Conclusions and Recommendations 38
References 38
Chapter 3: Feasibility Study of the Use of Polymer-Modified Cement Composites as 3D Concrete Printing Material 40
1 Introduction 41
2 Background 41
2.1 3D Printing Material 41
2.2 Applicable 3D Concrete Printing Technologies 42
2.2.1 Contour Crafting by the University of Southern California, USA 42
2.2.2 Freeform Construction by Loughborough University, UK 43
2.3 Properties of Polymer-Modified Concrete (PMC) 43
2.3.1 Workability 43
2.3.2 Water Retention 43
2.3.3 Setting Behavior 43
2.3.4 Strength 43
2.3.5 Adhesion 44
2.3.6 Deformability and Shrinkage 44
3 Experimental Program 44
3.1 Materials and Mix Design 44
3.2 3D Concrete Printer 45
3.3 Test Procedures 45
3.3.1 Flowability 45
3.3.2 Extrudability 45
3.3.3 Open Time 45
3.3.4 Buildability 46
4 Results and Discussion 46
4.1 Flowability 46
4.2 Extrudability 47
4.3 Open Time 47
4.4 Buildability 47
5 Conclusions 48
References 48
Chapter 4: Experimental Analysis and Micromechanics-Based Prediction of the Elastic and Creep Properties of Polymer-Modified C... 50
1 Introduction 51
2 Experimental Campaign 51
2.1 Materials 51
2.2 Ultrashort Creep Tests 52
2.3 Elastic and Creep Properties of Polymer-Modified Concretes 53
3 Multiscale Modeling Based on Continuum Micromechanics 55
3.1 Homogenization of Elastic Stiffness of PCC 55
3.2 Validation 56
4 Discussion 57
5 Conclusions 59
References 60
Chapter 5: Durability and Long-Term Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer as a New Civil Engineering Material 61
1 Introduction 61
2 Durability Concerns 63
3 Main Parameters Affecting the Durability of Internal FRP Reinforcement 63
3.1 Effect of Moisture 64
3.2 Degradation Mechanism of GFRP Bars in Alkaline Environments 64
3.3 Effect of Freeze and Freeze/Thaw Cycles 66
4 Durability of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete in Field Structures 66
5 Environmental Reduction Factors (CE) for GFRP Bars 67
6 Life Prediction Approaches for Long-Term Performance of FRP Bars 68
6.1 Arrhenius Relation 68
6.2 Degradation Laws 68
7 Conclusions 70
References 70
Chapter 6: Nano-modified Polymer Concrete: A New Material for Smart and Resilient Structures 72
1 Introduction 72
2 Nanomaterials for Altering Polymers 73
3 Nano-modified PC 74
3.1 Materials 74
3.2 Experimental Methods 75
3.3 Experimental Results 77
4 PC for Smart and Resilient Structures 81
5 Conclusion 82
References 82
Part II: Polymer Materials 85
Chapter 7: Bio-Based Superplasticizers for Cement-Based Materials 86
1 Introduction 86
2 Materials and Methods 87
3 Results and Discussion 88
4 Conclusions 91
References 91
Chapter 8: Screening Encapsulated Polymeric Healing Agents for Carbonation-Exposed Self-Healing Concrete, Service Life Extensi... 92
1 Introduction 93
2 (Self-Healing) Concrete Manufacturing and Preconditioning 93
3 Carbonation Test and Healing Performance 94
4 Service Life Prediction and Life Cycle Assessment 95
5 Conclusions 97
References 98
Chapter 9: Synthesis and Characterization of Superabsorbent Polymer Hydrogels Used as Internal Curing Agents: Impact of Partic... 99
1 Introduction 99
2 Experimental Methods 100
3 Results and Discussion 102
References 104
Chapter 10: Evaluation of Microencapsulated Corrosion Inhibitors in Reinforced Concrete 106
1 Introduction 106
2 Experimental Methods 107
2.1 Microcapsule Preparation 107
2.2 Concrete Mix Design 107
2.3 Concrete Testing 108
3 Results 109
4 Conclusions 111
References 111
Chapter 11: The Use of Polymer Additions to Enhance the Performance of Industrial and Residential Decorative Concrete Flooring 113
1 Introduction 113
2 ACI Guide Requirements 114
3 Latexes Tested and Mix Designs 115
3.1 Design of Polymer Modified Concrete Mixes 115
4 Test Results and Discussion 116
5 Conclusion 117
References 118
Chapter 12: The Effect of Glucose on the Properties of Cement Paste 119
1 Introduction 119
2 Experiments 120
2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 120
2.2 Non-evaporable Water Content 120
2.3 TGA Analysis 120
2.4 Compressive Strength 121
2.5 Electrical Resistivity 121
2.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy 121
3 Results and Discussion 121
3.1 Degree of Hydration 121
3.2 TGA Analysis 122
3.3 Compressive Strength 123
3.4 Electrical Resistivity 123
3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy 124
4 Conclusions 125
References 125
Chapter 13: Microstructured Polymers and Their Influences on the Mechanical Properties of PCC 126
1 Introduction 126
2 Materials 127
3 Methods and Results 128
4 Conclusions 131
References 131
Chapter 14: Stability of Latex in Cement Paste: Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis 133
1 Introduction 133
2 Experimental 134
2.1 Materials 134
2.2 Stability of Latex in Cement Paste 134
2.3 Surfactant Titration 134
3 Results and Discussion 135
3.1 Experimental Study on Stability of Latex in Cement Paste 135
3.2 Theoretical Analysis 135
3.2.1 Surfactant Amount Required for Covering Bare Surface of Polymer Particle 135
3.2.2 Collision Between Polymer Particles During Mixing Process 136
4 Conclusions 138
References 138
Chapter 15: Experimental Verification of Use of Secondary Raw Materials as Fillers in Epoxy Polymer Concrete 139
1 Introduction 140
2 Materials 140
3 Methods 142
4 Results and Discussion 143
5 Summary 144
References 145
Chapter 16: Effects of Anionic Asphalt Emulsion on Early-Age Cement Hydration 146
1 Introduction 147
2 Raw Materials, Sample Preparation, and Test Methods 147
2.1 Raw Materials 147
2.2 Sample Preparation 148
2.3 Test Methods 148
2.3.1 Set Time Test 148
2.3.2 Calorimetry Test 148
2.3.3 Electrical Resistivity Measurement 148
3 Results and Discussion 149
3.1 Influence of Anionic Asphalt Emulsion on Cement Set Time 149
3.2 Influence of Anionic Asphalt Emulsion on the Hydration Heat 149
3.3 Influence of Anionic Asphalt Emulsion on the Electrical Resistivity 150
3.4 The Retardation Mechanism of Asphalt Emulsion on PC Hydration 151
4 Conclusions 152
References 152
Chapter 17: Polymer Solutions for Protection of Concrete Exposed to Strong Alkaline or Acid Effluent on Industrial Installatio... 153
1 Introduction 153
2 Experimental Approach 154
2.1 Materials 154
2.2 Exposure Conditions 155
2.3 Characterization 155
3 Results and Discussion 155
3.1 Epoxy Coatings 155
3.2 Thermoplastics Membranes 156
4 Industrial Application 157
5 Conclusion 158
References 158
Chapter 18: Lightweight Filled Epoxy Resins for Timber Restoration 159
1 Introduction 159
2 Choices of Binder and Filling Material 160
3 Uses of Additives 161
4 Adhesive Tensile Strengths of Chosen Mortars on Timber 162
5 Thermal Behaviours of Chosen Mortars and FTIR Analysis of Gaseous Degradation Products 163
6 Conclusions 164
7 Acknowledgement 164
References 164
Chapter 19: Effect of Methyl Methacrylate Monomer on Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin-Based Polymer Concrete 166
1 Introduction 166
2 Materials and Methods 167
3 Results and Discussion 168
3.1 Workability 168
3.2 Working Life 168
3.3 Setting Shrinkage 169
3.4 Elastic Modulus 170
3.5 Compressive Strength 171
4 Conclusions 172
References 172
Chapter 20: Analysis of Mechanical Behavior and Durability of Coatings for Use as Flooring in the Petroleum Industry 173
1 Introduction 173
2 Materials and Methods 174
2.1 Materials 174
2.2 Methods 175
3 Results and Analysis 175
3.1 Flexural Strength 175
3.2 Water Absorption 176
3.3 Abrasive Wear 177
4 Conclusions 178
References 178
Chapter 21: Evaluation of the Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Produced from Local Materials 180
1 Introduction 180
2 Objectives 181
3 Experimental Program 182
3.1 Materials 182
3.2 Specimen Preparation 182
3.3 ECC Testing 183
4 Results and Analysis 183
4.1 Compressive Strength 183
4.2 Flexural Performance 183
5 Conclusions 185
References 185
Chapter 22: Application of Phase Change Material (PCM) in Concrete for Thermal Energy Storage 186
1 Introduction 186
2 Experimental Section 187
2.1 PCMs Formulation 187
2.2 Encapsulation of PCMs 187
2.3 Preparation of PCM-Based Concrete 188
3 Results and Discussions 188
3.1 Morphology Investigation by SEM 188
3.2 Thermal Conductivity 189
3.3 DSC Measurement of Encapsulated PCMs 189
3.4 Mechanical Properties of PCM Concrete 190
4 Conclusions 191
References 192
Chapter 23: Mortars with Phase Change Materials (PCM) and Stone Waste to Improve Energy Efficiency in Buildings 193
1 Introduction 194
2 Materials and Methods 195
3 Results and Discussion 196
4 Conclusions 198
References 198
Chapter 24: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with Direct Incorporation of Phase Change Material 200
1 Introduction 201
2 Materials, Compositions, and Test Procedures 201
3 Results and Discussion 202
4 Conclusions 205
References 205
Chapter 25: Mechanical Performance of Fly Ash Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Phase Change Materials 207
1 Introduction 207
2 Experimental Programme 208
3 Results and Discussion 209
4 Conclusions 211
References 211
Part III: Polymer Concrete 213
Chapter 26: Are Polymers Still Driving Forces in Concrete Technology? 214
1 Introduction 215
2 Polymers in/on and for Concrete: Lesson from the Past 215
3 Polymer Driving Forces and Shaping New Trends 216
4 C-PC: Roadmap for the Way Ahead 218
5 Conclusions 219
References 219
Chapter 27: Mechanical Properties of Polymer Cement-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (PC-FRC): Comparison Based on Experimental Studi... 221
1 Introduction 221
2 Materials and Methods 222
2.1 Cement 222
2.2 Aggregates 222
2.3 Fibers 222
2.4 Polymer 222
3 Mixture Proportions 223
4 Experimental Methodology 223
4.1 Test of Fresh Concrete 223
4.2 Test on Hardened Concrete 224
5 Experimental Results and Discussions 225
6 Conclusion 227
References 227
Chapter 28: Environmental Temperature and Humidity Adaptability of Polymer-Modified Cement Mortar 228
1 Introduction 228
2 Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Tensile Bond Strength of Polymer-Modified Portland Cement Mortar 229
3 Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Alkali Efflorescence Resistance of Polymer-Modified Portland Cement Decorative Mor... 231
4 Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Properties of Polymer-Modified Sulfoaluminate Cement Mortar 232
5 Conclusions 233
References 233
Chapter 29: Innovative Polymer-Modified Pervious Concrete 235
1 Introduction 235
2 Research Significance 236
3 Experimental Program 236
4 Results and Discussion 238
5 Conclusions 239
References 239
Chapter 30: Combined Methods to Investigate the Crack-Bridging Ability of Waterproofing Membranes 240
1 Introduction 240
2 Methods 241
3 Results 243
4 Discussion 244
5 Conclusion and Outlook 245
References 245
Chapter 31: Polymer Concrete for a Modular Construction System: Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Bond Behaviour by M... 246
1 Introduction 246
2 Materials 247
2.1 Polymer Concrete 247
2.2 Reinforcement Materials 247
3 PC: Determination of Creep Behaviour 248
4 Flexural Tensile Strength of Reinforced PC Elements 249
5 Reinforced PC Elements: Investigation of Bond Behaviour by Means of X-Ray CT 250
6 Summary 251
References 251
Chapter 32: Bending and Crack Characteristics of Polymer Lattice-Reinforced Mortar 252
1 Introduction 253
2 Materials and Methods 253
3 Results and Discussion 255
4 Conclusion 256
References 257
Chapter 33: The Influence of Specimen Shape and Size on the PCC Compressive Strength Values 258
1 Introduction 258
2 Materials 260
3 Testing 261
4 Experimental Results and Discussion 262
5 Conclusions 263
References 264
Chapter 34: Long-Term Investigation on the Compressive Strength of Polymer Concrete with Fly Ash 265
1 Introduction and Research Scope 265
2 Materials, Design, and Testing 266
3 Results and Discussion 268
4 Conclusions 270
References 270
Chapter 35: Overlays: A Great Use for Polymer Concrete 272
1 Introduction 272
2 Uses of Thin Polymer Overlays 273
3 Results of Surveys 273
4 Proven Practices 274
5 Repairs 277
6 Future Needs 277
7 Conclusions 278
References 278
Chapter 36: PC with Superior Ductility Using Mixture of Pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes 279
1 Introduction 280
2 Experimental Methods 280
2.1 Materials 280
2.2 Nanocomposite Synthesis and PC Production 281
2.3 Tension Test 281
2.4 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 282
2.5 Dynamic Modulus Analyzer (DMA) 282
3 Results and Discussion 282
4 Conclusion 285
References 285
Chapter 37: Contribution of Concrete-Polymer Composites and Ancient Mortar Technology to Sustainable Construction 286
1 Introduction 286
2 Milestones in PCC Microstructure Formation Modeling 287
3 Chemical Interactions Between Polymer and Cement 288
4 Ancient Mortar Technology for Sustainable Construction 289
5 Conclusions 291
References 291
Chapter 38: Smart Monitoring of Movement and Internal Temperature Changes Within Polymer Modified Concrete Repair Patches 293
1 Background 294
1.1 Concrete Patch Repair Failure 294
1.2 Optical Fibre Sensors 294
2 Experimental Design 295
2.1 Concrete Patch Repair 295
2.2 Optical System 295
3 Results 296
3.1 Temperature Measurement and Movement Measurement 296
4 Conclusion 297
References 298
Chapter 39: PIC: Does It Have Potential? 299
1 Introduction 299
2 What Happened to PIC? 301
3 Is There a Future for PIC? 304
4 Will PIC Ever Find a Use? 305
References 305
Chapter 40: A Perspective on 40 Years of Polymers in Concrete History 306
1 Underground Utility Enclosures 306
2 Design Standards for Underground Utility Structures 308
3 Drainage Structures 310
4 Conclusions 311
References 311
Chapter 41: Development Length of Steel Reinforcement in Polymer Concrete for Bridge Deck Closure 313
1 Introduction 313
2 Experimental Methods 314
2.1 Materials 314
2.2 Strength Testing 314
2.3 Pullout Test 315
3 Results and Discussion 315
4 Conclusions 318
References 319
Chapter 42: Development of Ultrarapid-Hardening Epoxy Mortar for Railway Sleepers 320
1 Introduction 320
2 Materials 321
2.1 Epoxy Resin 321
2.2 Reactive diluent 321
2.3 Hardener 321
2.4 Accelerator 321
2.5 Sand 322
3 Testing Procedures 322
4 Test Results and Discussions 322
4.1 Properties According to Reactive Diluent Content 322
4.2 Properties According to Accelerator Content 323
4.3 Properties According to Changes in Hardener 324
4.4 Properties for the Optimum Mix Proportion 325
5 Conclusions 326
References 326
Chapter 43: Contribution of C-PC to Resilience of Concrete Structures in Seismic Country Japan 327
1 Introduction 327
2 Resilience 329
2.1 From Completion to Earthquake Occurrence: (I) - (E) 329
2.2 Damage by Earthquake Occurrence: (E) - (D) 329
2.3 Recovery from Damage to Designated Performance: (D) - (R) 330
2.4 Resilience (A) 330
3 Seismic Strengthening and Concrete-Polymer Composites 330
3.1 Seismic Strengthening of Piers 330
3.1.1 Reinforced Concrete Jacketing Method: Fig. 43.3a 330
3.1.2 Steel Plate Jacketing Method: Fig. 43.3b 331
3.1.3 Carbon/Aramid Fiber Jacketing Method: Fig. 43.3c 331
3.2 Bridge-Falling Prevention Systems: Fig. 43.3d-e 332
3.3 Seismic Retrofitting Methods of RC Buildings: Fig. 43.3f 332
4 Conclusions 332
References 333
Chapter 44: Precast Polymer Concrete Panels for Use on Bridges and Tunnels 334
1 What Are Precast Polymer Concrete Panels? 335
2 Panel Manufacturing Process 335
3 Polymer Panel Physical Properties 337
4 Panel Size, Shape, and Custom Options 337
5 Panel Installation Options 339
6 Conclusion 340
References 340
Part IV: Polymer Fiber Concrete 341
Chapter 45: The Effect of Combinations of Treated Polypropylene Fibers on the Energy Absorption of Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete 342
1 Introduction 342
2 Polypropylene Fibers 343
3 Treatment of Polypropylene Fibers 343
4 Experimental Setup 344
5 Results 344
6 Conclusions 346
References 346
Chapter 46: Bond Performance of Steel-Reinforced Polymer (SRP) Subjected to Environmental Conditioning and Sustained Stress 347
1 Introduction 347
2 Experimental Programs 348
2.1 Flexural Bending Test 348
2.2 Direct Pull-Off Specimens 348
2.3 Sustained Loading and Environmental Conditioning 349
3 Flexural Bending Testing (Three-Point Load Testing) 350
4 Direct Pull-Off Testing 351
5 Conclusions 352
References 352
Chapter 47: High-Strength, Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (HS-SHCC) Made with Different High-Performance Polymer Fib... 353
1 Introduction 353
2 Experimental Part 354
3 Results 355
4 Conclusions 358
References 358
Chapter 48: Uniaxial Tensile Creep Behavior of Two Types of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete 360
1 Introduction 360
2 Experimental Program 361
3 Results and Discussion 362
4 Conclusion 364
References 365
Chapter 49: Dynamic Behavior of Textile Reinforced Polymer Concrete Using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar 366
1 Introduction 367
2 Experimental Program 368
2.1 Materials and Mixing Procedures 368
2.2 Punch Shear Test 368
3 Results and Discussion 369
4 Conclusions 370
References 371
Chapter 50: Steel-Fiber Self-Consolidating Rubberized Concrete Subjected to Impact Loading 373
1 Introduction 373
2 Materials 374
3 Fresh and Mechanical Properties Tests 375
4 Impact Resistance Tests 375
5 Results and Discussion 377
5.1 Mechanical Properties 377
5.2 Impact Resistance 377
6 Conclusions 378
References 378
Chapter 51: Effect of Fiber Combinations on the Engineering Properties of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Compo... 380
1 Introduction 380
2 Experiment 381
2.1 Experimental Plan 381
2.2 Materials 382
2.3 Test Methods 382
3 Results and Discussion 382
3.1 Flow 382
3.2 Compressive Strength 383
3.3 Tensile and Flexural Strength 384
4 Conclusions 385
References 386
Chapter 52: Application of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal 387
1 Introduction and Background 388
2 Literature Review 388
2.1 Requirements of the RSA Nuclear Authority 388
2.2 Considering Polymers as Co-binder or Micro-Reinforcement 389
3 Experimental Findings 389
4 Discussion 390
4.1 Effects of the Addition of Polymers and Admixtures 391
5 Future Work 392
References 393
Chapter 53: Efficiency of Polymer Fibers in Lightweight Plaster 394
1 Introduction 394
2 Experimental Dispositions 395
3 Results and Their Discussion 397
4 Conclusions 399
References 399
Part V: Polymer Concrete with Recycled Waste 400
Chapter 54: Properties of Ceramic Waste Powder-Based Geopolymer Concrete 401
1 Introduction 402
2 Experimental Procedure 402
2.1 Materials 402
2.2 Preparation of Specimens 403
2.3 Performance Evaluation 403
3 Methodology 404
4 Results and Discussions 404
4.1 Effect of Aggregate Content 404
4.2 Effect of Admixtures 405
4.3 Effect of Curing Time 405
4.4 Effect of Slag Content and Curing Regime 405
4.5 Performance Evaluation 406
5 Conclusion 407
References 407
Chapter 55: Use of Recycled Polymers in Asphalt Concrete for Infrastructural Applications 408
1 Introduction 408
2 Objectives 410
3 Methodology 410
4 Results and Discussion 411
5 Conclusions 412
References 413
Chapter 56: Influence of Method of Preparation of PC Mortar with Waste Perlite Powder on Its Rheological Properties 414
1 Introduction 414
2 Experimental Study 416
3 Results and Discussion 417
4 Conclusion 418
References 419
Chapter 57: Design and Manufacture of a Sustainable Lightweight Prefabricated Material Based on Gypsum Mortar with Semirigid P... 420
1 Introduction 420
2 Raw Materials 421
3 Experimental Procedure 421
4 Results and Discussion 422
4.1 Bulk Density 422
4.2 Flexural Strength 423
4.3 Total Water Absorption Test 423
4.4 Fire Reaction Test 423
4.5 Simulation of a Real Industrial Process 424
5 Conclusions 424
References 425
Chapter 58: Cement Mortars Lightened with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste Applied On-Site: Suitability and Durability 427
1 Introduction 427
2 Characterization of Materials 428
2.1 Raw Materials 428
2.2 Mortars 428
3 Experimental Procedure: On-Site Application 429
4 Results and Discussion 430
5 Conclusions 432
References 432
Chapter 59: Latex-Modified Concrete Overlays Using Recycled Waste Paint 434
1 Introduction 434
2 Experimental Program 436
3 Results and Discussion 436
4 Conclusions 438
References 438
Chapter 60: Effect of Using Kaolin and Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag on Green Concrete Properties 439
1 Introduction 439
2 Materials 440
3 Mix Proportion 441
4 Mechanical Tests 441
5 SEM Analyses 443
6 Conclusions 444
References 445
Chapter 61: Lightweight Structural Recycled Mortars Fabricated with Polyurethane and Surfactants 446
1 Introduction 446
2 Materials and Methods 447
3 Results 448
4 Conclusions 449
References 450
Chapter 62: Hydration in Mortars Manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and the Latest Generation of Polymeric Emulsion Ad... 451
1 Introduction 451
2 Raw Materials 452
3 Mortars Design 453
4 Experimental Methods 454
5 Results and Discussion 454
5.1 Bulk Density, Water/Cement Ratio, and Air Content of Fresh Mortar 454
5.2 Workability, Water Retention Capacity, and Flow Time of Fresh Mortar 455
6 Conclusions 456
References 456
Chapter 63: Chemical Resistance of Vinyl-Ester Concrete with Waste Mineral Dust Remaining After Preparation of Aggregate for A... 457
1 Introduction and Research Scope 457
2 Statistical Design and Materials 458
3 Testing, Results, and Discussion 460
4 Conclusions 461
References 462
Part VI: Geopolymers 464
Chapter 64: Performance Studies on Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete at Ambient Curing Condition 465
1 Introduction 466
2 Experimental Investigation 466
3 Results and Discussions 469
4 Conclusions 471
References 471
Chapter 65: Effect of 3D Printing on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Inorganic Geopolymer 473
1 Introduction 473
2 Experimental Methods 475
3 Results and Discussion 476
4 Conclusion 478
References 478
Chapter 66: Optimization of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Using a Dynamic Approach of the Taguchi Method 480
1 Introduction 481
2 Methodology 481
2.1 Materials 481
2.2 Experimental Conditions 482
2.3 Experimental Procedure 483
2.4 Analysis of the Experimental Results 484
2.5 Long-Term Strength Test and Sulfuric Acid Resistance Test 484
3 Results and Discussions 484
4 Conclusions 486
References 487
Chapter 67: Microstructural and Strength Investigation of Geopolymer Concrete with Natural Pozzolan and Micro Silica 488
1 Introduction 489
2 Materials and Methods 489
3 Results and Discussion 490
4 Conclusions 493
References 493
Chapter 68: Performance of Steel Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance One-Part Geopolymer Concrete 495
1 Introduction 496
2 Materials and Methods 496
3 Test Procedures and Setups 498
4 Results and Discussion 498
5 Conclusions 500
References 500
Chapter 69: Effect of Different Class C Fly Ash Compositions on the Properties of the Alkali-Activated Concrete 502
1 Introduction 502
2 Material and Methods 503
2.1 Fly Ash, Aggregate, and Alkali Activators 503
2.2 Mix Proportions and Mixing Procedure 504
2.3 Curing Methods 504
2.4 Workability and Compressive Strength Tests 504
3 Results 504
4 Conclusion 507
References 507
Chapter 70: Effect of Curing Temperatures on Zero-Cement Alkali-Activated Mortars 509
1 Introduction 509
2 Material Properties 510
2.1 Fly Ash 510
2.2 Alkali Activators 510
2.3 Sand 510
3 Experimental Program 510
3.1 Mix Proportions 510
3.2 Mixing Procedure 511
3.3 Curing Procedure 511
3.4 Setting Time and Flow 511
3.5 Compressive Strength 511
4 Results and Discussion 512
4.1 XRF Analysis 512
4.2 Setting Time and Flow 512
4.3 Compressive Strength 513
5 Conclusion 514
References 515
Chapter 71: Properties of PVA Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar 516
1 Introduction 516
2 Materials and Methods 517
3 Results and Discussion 518
3.1 Mechanical Properties 518
3.2 Transport Properties 520
3.3 XRD 521
3.4 Distribution of Pores 521
4 Conclusions and Recommendations 521
References 522
Chapter 72: Thermal Performance of Fly Ash Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Phase Change Materials 524
1 Introduction 524
2 Experimental Programme 525
3 Results and Discussion 526
4 Conclusions 528
References 528
Chapter 73: Development of Fiber-Reinforced Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete Containing Lightweight Aggregates Produced by Granu... 530
1 Introduction 531
2 Experimental Program 531
3 Results and Discussion 533
4 Conclusion 535
References 535
Chapter 74: Applications of Geopolymers in Concrete for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Containers 536
1 Introduction 537
2 Experimental Procedure 538
2.1 Experimental Tests 538
2.2 Materials 538
2.3 Mix Proportions 539
3 Results and Discussion 539
4 Conclusion 540
References 541
Part VII: Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) 542
Chapter 75: Microstructure and Mechanical Property Behavior of FRP Reinforcement Autopsied from Bridge Structures Subjected to... 543
1 Introduction 543
2 Preparation of GFRP Samples 544
3 Experimental Results and Discussions 545
3.1 SEM and EDS Analyses 545
3.2 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 547
3.3 Tg Measurements 547
3.4 SBS Tests 548
4 Conclusions 549
References 549
Chapter 76: The Influences of Mechanical Load on Concrete-Filled FRP Tube Cylinders Subjected to Environmental Corrosion 550
1 Introduction 550
2 Materials 551
3 Specimen and Test Setup Preparation 551
4 Setup for Compression and Split-Disk Tensile Tests 553
5 Results and Discussions 554
6 Conclusions 555
References 555
Chapter 77: Finite Element Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear with NSM FRP Rods 557
1 Introduction 557
2 Summary of Experiments 558
3 Finite Element Models 559
4 Results and Discussions 560
5 Conclusions 562
References 562
Chapter 78: Effect of Sustained Load Level on Long-Term Deflections in GFRP and Steel-Reinforced Concrete Beams 564
1 Introduction 564
2 Objective 566
3 Experimental Method 566
4 Results 568
5 Conclusions 569
References 570
Chapter 79: Flexural Behavior and Cracks in Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars 571
1 Introduction 571
2 Design of FRP-RC Beams 572
2.1 Flexural Strength 572
2.2 Ductility Requirements 573
2.3 Serviceability Requirements 573
3 Experimental Program 574
3.1 Materials 574
3.1.1 Reinforced Bars 574
3.1.2 Concrete 574
3.2 Concrete Beams for Testing 575
3.3 Testing Setup 575
4 Experimental Results and Discussion 575
4.1 Crack Width and Spread of Cracks Using the GFRP Bars 576
5 Conclusion 576
References 578
Chapter 80: Flexural Rigidity Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Hollow-Core Composite Bridge Columns 580
1 Introduction 581
2 Experimental Work 582
2.1 Parametric Study 582
2.1.1 FE Models Verification 582
2.2 Loading Protocol and Test Setup 583
3 Results and Discussion 584
3.1 Rigidity Evaluation 584
4 Conclusion 586
References 586
Chapter 81: Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Hollow-Core Composite Building Columns 588
1 Introduction 588
2 FE Modeling 589
2.1 FE Parametric Study 590
2.2 FE Validation 591
3 Results and Discussion 591
3.1 Effect of Confinement Ratio 591
3.2 Buckling Strength Evaluation for HC-FCS 593
4 Conclusions 595
References 595
Chapter 82: Pultruded GFRP Reinforcing Bars with Carbon Nanotubes 597
1 Introduction 597
2 Experimental Methods 598
3 Results and Discussion 599
4 Conclusions 602
References 602
Chapter 83: On Mechanical Characteristics of HFRP Bars with Various Types of Hybridization 604
1 Introduction 604
2 Materials Selection and the Reasons for the Investigation 605
3 Numerical Simulation 607
4 Results and Discussion 609
References 609
Chapter 84: Fatigue Behavior Characterization of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites 610
1 Introduction 611
2 Methods 612
3 Results 613
4 Conclusions 615
References 615
Chapter 85: Strength Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with BFRP Bars 617
1 Introduction 617
2 Methods and Materials 618
2.1 Experimental Program 618
2.2 Numerical Modeling 620
3 Conclusions 621
References 622
Part VIII: Polymer Concrete with Nanomaterial 623
Chapter 86: A Comparative Study on Colloidal Nanosilica Incorporation in Polymer-Modified Cement Mortars 624
1 Introduction 624
2 Experimental Studies 625
2.1 Materials 625
2.2 Methodology 625
2.3 Experimental Procedures 626
3 Results and Discussions 626
3.1 Flowability Test 626
3.2 Compressive Strength Test 627
3.3 Flexural Strength Test 628
4 Conclusions 628
References 629
Chapter 87: Parametric Study on the Performance of UHPC and Nano-modified Polymer Concrete (NMPC) Composite Wall Panels for Pr... 631
1 Introduction 631
2 Nano-modified Polymer Concrete 632
3 Numerical Simulation 633
4 Case Study 633
5 Results and Discussion 634
6 Conclusions 635
References 635
Chapter 88: Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets 637
1 Introduction 638
2 Experimental Procedure 639
2.1 Materials 639
2.2 GNPs Dispersion 639
2.3 Nanocomposite Fabrication 639
3 Results and Discussions 640
4 Conclusions 642
References 643
Chapter 89: Oil Well Cement Modified with Bacterial Nanocellulose 644
1 Introduction 645
2 Materials 645
3 Methods 646
4 Results and Discussions 646
5 Conclusions 648
References 649
Chapter 90: Effect of Incorporating Nano-silica on the Strength of Natural Pozzolan-Based Alkali-Activated Concrete 650
1 Introduction 651
2 Materials and Methods 651
3 Results and Discussion 652
4 Conclusions 655
References 655
Part IX: Strengthening and Restoration Using Polymers 657
Chapter 91: Review of Polymer Coatings Used for Blast Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures 658
1 Introduction 658
2 Elastomeric Polymers 659
3 Blast Testing and Analysis of Elastomeric Polymer Retrofits 659
4 Conclusion 662
References 663
Chapter 92: Evaluation of Polymer-Modified Restoration Mortars for Maintenance of Deteriorated Sewage Treatment Structures 665
1 Introduction 665
2 Materials 666
2.1 Cement and Fine Aggregate 666
2.2 Cement Modifiers 666
2.3 Mineral Admixtures 666
3 Testing Procedures 667
3.1 Preparation of Specimens 667
3.2 Strength Test 667
3.3 Adhesion Test 667
3.4 Length Change Test 668
3.5 Acid Resistance 668
4 Test Results and Discussion 668
5 Conclusions 671
References 671
Chapter 93: Finite Element Modeling of CFRP-Strengthened Low-Strength Concrete Short Columns 672
1 Introduction 673
2 Materials and Methods 673
3 Finite Element Simulation 674
4 Results and Discussion 675
5 Conclusions 677
References 677
Chapter 94: Improvement Works to Existing Column Stumps by Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthening System 678
1 Introduction 678
2 Test Specimens 679
3 Calculation by Computer Model 680
4 Experiments 683
5 Conclusion 684
References 684
Chapter 95: Silicone Resin Enclosing Method Applied for the Maintenance of Steel Bearings 685
1 Introduction 685
2 Current Status of Deterioration of Steel Bearings Located at Girder End 687
3 Physical Properties of Transparent Silicone Resin 687
4 Performance of Transparent Silicone Resin Applied to Steel Bearing 688
5 Conclusion 691
References 691
Chapter 96: Bio-Based Polyurethane Elastomer for Strengthening Application of Concrete Structures Under Dynamic Loadings 693
1 Introduction 694
2 Experimental Program 694
2.1 Materials 694
2.2 PU-Coated Concrete Test Specimens and Dynamic Flexural Test 695
3 Experimental Results and Discussion 696
3.1 Maximum Flexural Stress 696
3.2 Failure Strain 697
3.3 Strain Energy Density 697
4 Conclusions 698
References 698

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 6.4.2018
• Zusatzinfo: XV, 757 p. 336 illus., 236 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• Schlagworte: ICPIC 2018 • Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) • Polymer-Impregnated Concrete (PIC) • polymers in concrete infrastructure • resilient concrete infrastructure • sustainable concrete infrastructure
• ISBN-10: 3-319-78175-8 / 3319781758
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-78175-4 / 9783319781754