Physiological Ecology of Forest Production (eBook)

Principles, Processes and Models

J. J. Landsberg, Peter Sands (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 1. Auflage
352 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-092254-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Process-based models open the way to useful predictions of the future growth rate of forests and provide a means of assessing the probable effects of variations in climate and management on forest productivity. As such they have the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional forest growth and yield models, which are based on mensuration data and assume that climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations will be the same in the future as they are now. This book discusses the basic physiological processes that determine the growth of plants, the way they are affected by environmental factors and how we can improve processes that are well-understood such as growth from leaf to stand level and productivity. A theme that runs through the book is integration to show a clear relationship between photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrient requirements, transpiration, water relations and other factors affecting plant growth that are often looked at separately. This integrated approach will provide the most comprehensive source for process-based modelling, which is valuable to ecologists, plant physiologists, forest planners and environmental scientists. - Includes explanations of inherently mathematical models, aided by the use of graphs and diagrams illustrating causal interactions and by examples implemented as Excel spreadsheets - Uses a process-based model as a framework for explaining the mechanisms underlying plant growth - Integrated approach provides a clear and relatively simple treatment

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Physiological Ecology of Forest Production: Principles, Processes and Models 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Acknowledgements 7
Preface 8
Table of Symbols 12
Chapter 1: Introduction 22
1.1 Some Background on Forests 23
1.2 Models and Physiology 26
1.3 Outline 30
1.4 The PhysEcol Website 33
Chapter 2: Weather and Energy Balance 34
2.1 Process Rates at Different Levels 35
2.2 Weather Factors that Affect Plant Growth 38
2.3 Variation of Climatic Factors Within a Canopy 52
2.4 Energy Balance, Evaporation and Transpiration 54
2.5 Canopy Energy Balance and Transpiration 61
Chapter 3: Physiological Processes 70
3.1 Photosynthesis 72
3.2 Stomatal Conductance 82
3.3 Coupled Model of Photosynthesis and Stomatal Function 90
3.4 Respiration 93
3.5 Allocation of Biomass 96
Chapter 4: Stand Structure and Dynamics 102
4.1 Stem Population Dynamics 104
4.2 Height and Diameter Relations and Distributions 110
4.3 Allometric Scaling and Its Implications 113
4.4 Leaf Area of Trees and Canopies 122
4.5 Roots 131
Chapter 5: The Carbon Balance of Trees and Stands 136
5.1 Radiation Interception 138
5.2 Modelling Canopy Photosynthetic Production 145
5.3 Light-Use Efficiency and Canopy Photosynthetic Production 154
5.4 Non-Homogeneous Canopies 158
5.5 Stand Respiration 162
5.6 Allocation of Biomass 167
Chapter 6: Nutrient Dynamics and Tree Growth 172
6.1 Nutrient Cycling 175
6.2 Forest Nutritional Requirements 182
6.3 Modelling Soil Nutrient Dynamics 197
6.4 A Pragmatic Fertility Index 203
Chapter 7: Hydrology and Plant Water Relations 206
7.1 The Hydrological Balance 208
7.2 Components of the Hydrological Balance 210
7.3 Water in Soils and the Root Zone 217
7.4 Water Movement Through Trees 222
7.5 Models Including Storage 227
7.6 Water Relations of Stands 235
7.7 Concluding Remarks 239
Chapter 8: Modelling Tree Growth 242
8.1 Concepts and Principles 243
8.2 Types of Model in Forest Ecophysiology 244
8.3 Discussion Arising from Empirical, Process-Based and Hybrid Models 256
8.4 Model Evaluation: Testing and Sensitivity Analyses 259
Chapter 9: The 3-PG Process-Based Model 262
9.1 An Overview of 3-PG 264
9.2 Biological Sub-Models of 3-PG 268
9.3 Calibration, Performance and Validation 280
9.4 Applications 284
9.5 Possible Improvements 296
9.6 Concluding Remarks 302
Chapter 10: Future Developments 304
10.1 Measurement and Instrumentation 305
10.2 Remote Sensing 306
10.3 Meta-Analyses 307
10.4 Respiration 307
10.5 Stomatal Control and Hydraulic Limitation 308
10.6 Soil Fertility 309
10.7 Models 310
10.8 Concluding Remarks 311
Appendices 312
Appendix 1: Determining Solar Direction and Radiation 312
Appendix 2: Some Mathematical Details of 3-PG 317
Appendix 3: Further Reading 319
References 322
Index 346

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.11.2010
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-092254-6 / 0080922546
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-092254-6 / 9780080922546