Soil and Groundwater Remediation (eBook)

Fundamentals, Practices, and Sustainability

Chunlong Zhang (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2019
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-39317-7 (ISBN)

Infos

An introduction to the principles and practices of soil and groundwater remediation

Soil and Groundwater Remediation offers a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the principles, practices, and concepts of sustainability of soil and groundwater remediation. The book starts with an overview of the importance of groundwater resource/quality, contaminant sources/types, and the scope of soil and groundwater remediation. It then provides the essential components of soil and groundwater remediation with easy-to-understand design equations/calculations and the practical applications.

The book contains information on remediation basics such as subsurface chemical behaviors, soil and groundwater hydrology and characterization, regulations, cost analysis, and risk assessment. The author explores various conventional and innovative remediation technologies, including pump-and-treat, soil vapor extraction, bioremediation, incineration, thermally enhanced techniques, soil washing/flushing, and permeable reactive barriers. The book also examines the modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in saturated and unsaturated zones. This important book:

• Presents the current challenges of remediation practices
• Includes up-to-date information about the low-cost, risk-based, sustainable remediation practices, as well as institutional control and management
• Offers a balanced mix of the principles, practices, and sustainable concepts in soil and groundwater remediation
• Contains learning objectives, discussions of key theories, and example problems
• Provides illustrative case studies and recent research when remediation techniques are introduced

Written for undergraduate seniors and graduate students in natural resource, earth science, environmental science/engineering, and environmental management, Soil and Groundwater Remediation is an authoritative guide to the principles and components of soil and groundwater remediation that is filled with worked and practice problems. 

CHUNLONG (CARL) ZHANG is a professor of environmental science at the College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, and a registered professional engineer (PE) in the field of environmental engineering. A noted expert in environmental remediation, he is also the author of the popular textbook Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis published by Wiley.

Textauszug

List of Symbols

Letters Symbols

1/n	Freundlich isotherm constant

A

Area (m2)

ABS	Absorption rate for dust (%)

AT	Averaging time of exposure (years)

b	Thickness of a confined aquifer or saturated thickness of an unconfined aquifer (m)

b	Reactive cell thickness (m)

BCF	Bioconcentration factor (L/kg)

BR	Breathing rate for dust (%)

BW	Body weight (kg)

C	Concentration in water (mg/L), air (mg/m3), or soil/dust (mg/kg)

C	Weight percentage of carbon (%)

C

Cost

C	A constant in equation

Cˆ	Concentration in adsorbed phase (mg/kg)

CDI	Chronic daily intake (mg/kg‐day)

CE	Combustion efficiency (%)

CMC	Critical micellar concentration (mol/L)

C p	Specific heat capacity (J/kg‐K; Btu/lb‐F)

C s	Surfactant concentration (mol/L)

CSF	Cancer slope factor (mg/kg‐d)−1

d	Diameter; Infinitesimally small change (m)

D	Molecular diffusion coefficient (m2/s)

D	Distance (m)

dC/dx

Derivative of concentration with respect to x (concentration gradient)

D e	Effective diffusion coefficient (m2/s)

D h	Hydrodynamic dispersion (m2/s)

dh	The infinitesimally small change in hydraulic head (m)

dh/dl

Derivative of head with respect to distance (hydraulic gradient) (unitless)

dl	The infinitesimally small change in distance (m)

dq/dA

Heat flux (W/m2)

DRE	Destruction and removal efficiencies (%)

dx	Infinitesimally small change in x coordinate (m)

dz/dx

Derivative of head with respect to x (potential head change) (unitless)

E	Activation energy (kJ/mol)

E	Electrode potential (volt)

e

2.71828

EC	Exposure concentration (water: μg/L; air mg/m3)

ED	Exposure duration (years)

EF	Exposure frequency (days/yr)

ET	Evapotranspiration rate (L/day, in‐acre/yr)

erf	The error function

exp(x)

Exponential of x, exp(x) = ex

f	Fraction (soil component, cosolvent, and heat loss) (unitless)

f oc	Fraction of organic carbon in soil

FV	Future value

f w	Fraction of contaminant remaining in soil water

g	Gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2)

G	Air flow rate (m3/m2‐hr) in a stripping tower

G	Gibbs free energy (J)

h	Potential head/water level/soil depth (m)

H	Henry's law constant: atm/(mg/L), atm/M, atm/(mol/m3), or dimensionless

H	Total head/water level (m)

ΔH	Enthalpy change (J)

ΔHv	Heat of vaporization (J/kg; Btu/lb)

H	Weight percentage of hydrogen (%)

h c	Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2‐K)

HI	Hazard index (dimensionless)

HQ	Hazard quotient (dimensionless)

i	Interest rate

I	Cost index value

IR	Intake (ingestion) rate (water: L/d; air: m3/d; soil and dust: kg/d)

J	Mass (mole) flux per unit area and time (mg/m2‐s; mol/m2‐h)

k	Intrinsic permeability (m2)

k	First‐order rate constant (s−1)

k b	Biodegradation rate constant (s−1)

K	Hydraulic conductivity (m/s)

K	Equilibrium constant

K	Freundlich isotherm partitioning coefficient

K	Thermal conductivity (W/m‐K)

K(θ)	Moisture‐dependent unsaturated hydraulic conductivity

K d	Soil–water partition coefficient, adsorption coefficient (L/kg)

K L	Mass transfer coefficient (m/h), concentration driving force

K La	Overall mass transfer coefficient (T−1) in a stripping tower

K m	Micelle–water partition coefficient (mol/mol)

K ow	Octanol–water partitioning coefficient (unitless)

K sp	Solubility product constant

l	Distance (m)

L	Liquid loading (m3/m2‐hr) in a stripping tower

L	Length of a flow path (m)

L	Reactive cell thickness (m)

L e	Effective length of well screen (m)

m	Mass rate (kg/s)

M	Mass or mass per unit area (kg, kg/m2)

MW	Molecular weight (g/mol)

n	Soil porosity (%)

n	Number of moles/electrons/years/wells

N	Weight percentage of nitrogen (%)

N c	Capillary number (dimensionless)

n e	Effective soil porosity (%)

NOAEL

No‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (mg/kg‐d)

N wells

Well number

O	Weight percentage of oxygen (%)

P	Pressure (atm)/Other properties

P atm

Absolute ambient pressure (1 atm or 1.01 × 106 g/cm‐s2)

p i	Vapor pressure of component i (atm)

Vapor pressure of its pure component i (atm)

P r	Pressure at a radial distance r from the vapor extraction well (atm)

P RI	Pressure at the radius of influence (atm)

PV	Present value

P w	Absolute pressure at an extraction well (atm or g/cm‐s2)

q	Specific discharge (L/day)

Q	Volumetric discharge/pumping rate (m3/day, ft3/min)

Q/H	Flow rate (cm3/s) per unit thickness of a well screen (cm)

r	Radius of well/well casing/well screen/steam influence (m)

R	Ideal gas constant (0.082 atm‐L/mol‐K)

R	Retardation factor...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.10.2019
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen • Chemie • Chemistry • Civil Engineering & Construction • earth sciences • Environmental Engineering • fundamentals of groundwater remediation • fundamentals of soil remediation • Geowissenschaften • Groundwater & Hydrogeology • Groundwater remediation • Grundwasser u. Hydrogeologie • <p>Soil remediation • practices of groundwater remediation • practices of soil remediation • sustainability of soil remediation • sustainable remediation</p> • Umwelttechnik • Wasserchemie • water chemistry
• ISBN-10: 1-119-39317-5 / 1119393175
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-39317-7 / 9781119393177