Rare Metal Technology 2018 (eBook)

Hojong Kim, Bradford Wesstrom, Shafiq Alam, Takanari Ouchi, Gisele Azimi, Neale R. Neelameggham, Shijie Wang, Xiaofei Guan (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 1st ed. 2018
340 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-72350-1 (ISBN)

Infos

This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Topics include the extraction and processing of elements such as antimony, arsenic, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, rare earth metals including yttrium and neodymium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. Rare processing techniques are covered, including direct extraction processes for rare-earth recovery, biosorption of precious metals, fluorination behavior of uranium and zirconium mixture of fuel debris treatment, and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.

The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is a member-driven international professional society dedicated to fostering the exchange of learning and ideas across the entire range of materials science and engineering, from minerals processing and primary metals production, to basic research and the advanced applications of materials. Included among its nearly 13,000 professional and student members are metallurgical and materials engineers, scientists, researchers, educators, and administrators from more than 70 countries on six continents. 

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
About the Editors 11
Rare Earth Element I 18
1 The Demonstration Pilot Plant Results for the Search Minerals Direction Extraction Process for Rare Earth Recovery 19
Abstract 19
Introduction 19
Process Development and Pilot Plant Results 20
Pilot Operation 25
Batch Production of Final Rare Earth Oxide 26
Batch Leaching of DEEP Fox Sample 26
Post Pilot Process Improvements 26
Overall Plant Performance and Reagent Consumptions 29
Conclusions 29
Acknowledgements 30
References 30
2 Selective Oxidation of Cerium in Rare Earth Solutions, a Comparison of Four Oxidants 31
Abstract 31
Introduction 31
Experimental 33
Results and Discussion 34
Sodium Hypochlorite 34
Hydrogen Peroxide 35
Potassium Permanganate 35
Caro’s Acid 35
Stoichiometry Tests 36
pH Tests 36
Cerium Concentration Tests 38
Temperature Tests 39
Conclusion 40
Acknowledgements 40
References 40
3 A Study on the Effect of Crystal Habit Modifiers on the Co-precipitation of REE with Gypsum 42
Abstract 42
Introduction 42
Experimental 44
Materials and Reagents 44
Experiments 44
Results and Discussion 45
Crystal Structure 46
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 47
Effect of Modifiers 48
Conclusion 51
Acknowledgements 51
References 51
4 Beneficiation and Leaching Study of Norra Kärr Eudialyte Mineral 53
Abstract 53
Introduction 53
Methods and Materials 56
Norra Kärr Eudialyte Mineral 56
Description of Beneficiation Method 56
Methylene Iodide Heavy Liquid Separation Test 58
Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separation 58
Description of Leaching Study 58
Leaching Process 1 58
Leaching Process 2 60
Results and Discussion 60
Methylene Iodide Heavy Liquid Separation Test Results 60
Results of WHIMS on Float Products 61
Results of Leaching Process 1 62
Results of Leaching Process 2 62
Conclusion 64
References 64
5 Review on the Processes for the Recovery of Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from Secondary Resources 66
Abstract 66
Introduction 66
Recycling of REMs from Secondary Resources 67
Manufacturing Scrap/Residues 68
End-of-Life Products 68
Magnets 69
Fluorescent Lamps 70
Catalysts 71
Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries 71
Industrial Waste (Solid and Liquid) 71
Red Mud 72
Coal Fly Ash 72
Waste water 73
Conclusion 74
Acknowledgements 74
References 74
6 Selective Reduction and Separation of Europium from Mixed Rare-Earth Oxides Recovered from Waste Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors 79
Abstract 79
Introduction 79
Experimental 81
Results and Discussion 82
Conclusions 87
References 88
7 Study of the Mechanochemical Calcification for Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate 89
Abstract 89
Introduction 90
Experimental 91
Sample Materials 91
Experimental Process and Analysis 92
Analysis of Working Condition of Steel Balls 92
Results and Discussion 93
Mechanochemical Effect on the Calcification Decomposition of Mixed Concentrate 93
Ball to Powder Weight Ratio 93
Temperature 94
Liquid-Solid Ratio 95
Effect of Liquid-Solid Ratio on the Distribution of Fluorine and Phosphorus 95
Analysis of XRD and SEM to the Products 96
Conclusion 97
Acknowledgements 98
References 98
Rare Earth Elements II and Platinum Group Metals 99
8 Electrochemical Formation of Tb Alloys in Molten LiCl–KCl Eutectic Melts and Separation of Tb 100
Abstract 100
Introduction 100
Experimental 102
Results and Discussion 102
Cyclic Voltammetry 102
Open Circuit Potentiometry 104
Electrochemical Formation of Tb–Ni Alloys 104
Anodic Dissolution of Tb from the Formed TbNi2 105
Separation of Tb from Nd 107
Conclusions 108
References 108
9 Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study of Eu(III)/Eu(II) Couple in the 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bis(Trifluromethanesulfonyl)Imide Ionic Liquid 109
Abstract 109
Introduction 110
Experimental Section 112
Reagents 112
Karl-Fischer Titration 112
Analytical Electrochemistry 112
UV-Vis Spectroscopy 113
Spectro-Electrochemical Cell 113
Sample Preparation 114
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy 114
Results and Discussion 115
Electrochemical Study 115
UV-Vis Spectroscopy 116
XANES Study of Eu(NTf2)3 in [EMIm][NTf2] 117
Conclusions 120
References 121
10 The Electrolytic Production of Rare Earths from Their Oxides 123
Abstract 123
Introduction 123
Experimental 125
References 127
11 Commercial Processes for the Extraction of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) 128
Abstract 128
Introduction 128
Processing of Primary Resources to Recover PGMs 129
Processing of Secondary Resources to Recover PGMs 131
Conclusion 135
Acknowledgements 135
References 135
12 Recovery of Valuable Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Using Iodine-Iodide Leaching and Precipitation 140
Abstract 140
Introduction 141
Experimental Section 142
Materials 142
Iodine-Iodide Leaching 142
Recovery of Precious Metals 143
Results and Discussion 144
Iodine-Iodide Leaching 144
Precipitation of Metals Under Alkaline Conditions 145
Precipitation of Precious Metals 146
Conclusions 149
Acknowledgements 150
References 150
13 Cyclone Electrowinning of Antimony from Antimonic Gold Concentrate Ores 152
Abstract 152
Introduction 153
Experimental 154
Results and Discussion 155
Electrowinning Temperature 155
Current Density at 5 g/L Sb Electrolyte 156
Current Density at 12 g/L Sb Electrolyte 157
Current Density at 20 g/L Sb Electrolyte 159
Comparison of CE with Plate Cell Electrowinning (PCE) 161
Conclusions 161
References 162
Base and Rare Metals 164
14 Thermodynamic Study of Ga Extraction for Trace Element Analysis by ICP-MS 165
Abstract 165
Introduction 165
Background 167
Results and Discussion 168
Conclusion 172
Acknowledgements 172
References 172
15 Electrodeposition of ?-MnO2 from Manganese Nodule Leach Liquor: Surface Modification and Electrochemical Applications 173
Abstract 173
Introduction 173
Experimental 174
Materials 174
Methods 175
Leaching 175
Purification of Mn Bearing Solutions 175
Preparation of the MnO2 Samples 175
Characterization of the as-Prepared MnO2 Nanofibers 176
Electrochemical Activity of as Prepared Nanofiber 176
Results and Discussions 176
Leaching 176
Purification 176
Electrolysis 177
The Effect of CTAB Concentration on Electrochemical Parameters 178
Characterisation of EMD 178
Electrochemical Applications 180
Conclusion 181
Acknowledgements 182
References 182
16 Recovery of Manganese from Scrap Batteries of Mobile Phones 183
Abstract 183
Introduction 183
Materials and Methods 185
Results and Discussion 185
Characterization Study 185
Leaching Procedure 185
Recovery of Acid by Solvent Extraction 186
Systematic Precipitation Studies 186
Batch Precipitation Studies 187
Repeated Precipitation of Same Leach Liquor 188
Conclusion 190
Acknowledgements 190
References 191
17 The Management of Lead Concentrate Acquisition in “Trepca” 192
Abstract 192
Introduction 192
From Literature 193
Froth Flotation—Fundamental Principles 193
Particle/Bubble Contact 193
Conventional Cells 194
Reagents 195
The Management of Lead Mineral Resources 195
Galenit Quality 196
Flotation Process 196
Experimental Part 198
Mathematical Models for Calculating the Flotation Product 198
Ag Quantity in Lead Minerals 202
Discussion of Results 203
Conclusions 204
References 204
18 The Recovery of Cesium Salts from the Taron Deposit 206
Abstract 206
Introduction 207
Cesium Extraction and Purification Process 208
Overview 208
Sample Preparation 210
Leaching 210
Aluminum Cesium Sulfate Primary Precipitation 210
Cesium Hydroxide and Cesium Formate Production 212
Arsenic Precipitation and Waste Treatment 213
Experimental Results and Discussion 213
Leaching 213
Arsenic Precipitation Before Cesium Recovery 213
Aluminum Cesium Sulfate Precipitation and Purification 214
Cesium Formate Production 215
Conclusions and Recommendations 215
Reference 215
19 Recovery of Lithium from Brine with MnO2 Nanowire Ion Sieve Composite 216
Abstract 216
Introduction 216
Experimental Methods 217
Preparation of Adsorbent 217
Characterization 218
Adsorption 218
Results and Discussion 218
Conclusion 221
References 221
20 FEM Simulation of Nodulation in Copper Electro-refining 222
Abstract 222
Introduction 222
Modelling Description 224
Results 225
Discussion 227
Conclusions 228
References 229
Ti, V, Mo and W 230
21 Review of TiO2-Rich Materials Preparation for the Chlorination Process 231
Abstract 231
Introduction 232
Natural Rutile 232
Titanium-Rich Materials Production Methods 233
Electric Smelting Process 233
Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Process 234
Sulfuric Acid Leaching Process 235
Reduction-Rust Process 235
Selective Chlorination Process 236
The Problems in Preparation of Titanium-Rich Materials in Panzhihua China 237
Conclusion 238
References 239
22 Effect of CaO Additive on the Interfacial Reaction Between the BaZrO3 Refractory and Titanium Enrichment Melt 241
Abstract 241
Introduction 242
Experimental 243
The Preparation of Samples 243
Results and Discussion 244
Conclusion 249
References 249
23 Extracting Uranium and Molybdenum from Refractory U–Mo Associated Ore 251
Abstract 251
Introduction 252
Experiment 252
Experimental Materials 252
Analytical Method 253
Leaching Test 254
Results and Discussion 254
Water Leaching 254
Conventional Acid Leaching 255
Acid Pressure Leaching 256
Fluidized Bed Furnace Roasting with Acid Leaching 258
Conclusions 260
References 260
24 Thermodynamics Analysis on the Process of Decarburization and Vanadium Protection by CO2 262
Abstract 262
Introduction 262
Materials and Experiments 264
Raw Materials 264
Experiments 265
Results and Discussion 266
Thermodynamics Analysis of Decarburization Process 266
Effect of Different Oxidation Temperature on Decarburization Process 267
Conclusions 268
Acknowledgements 269
References 269
25 Purification of a Nigerian Wolframite Ore for Improved Industrial Applications 270
Abstract 270
Introduction 271
Materials and Method 272
Leaching Tests 272
Solvent Extraction/Beneficiation Tests 272
Results and Discussion 273
Characterization Studies 273
Leaching Results 273
Solvent Extraction Studies 274
Conclusion 276
Acknowledgements 276
References 276
26 Extraction of Vanadium and Chromium from the Material Containing Chromium, Titanium and Vanadium 278
Abstract 278
Introduction 278
Experimental 279
Results and Discussion 280
Effect of Sodium Carbonate Addition 280
Effect of Roasting Time 281
Effect of Roasting Temperature 281
Mechanism of Salt-Roasting 282
Conclusions 283
Acknowledgements 283
References 283
27 Extraction Separation of V and Fe in High Acid and High Iron Solution 285
Abstract 285
Introduction 285
Materials and Methods 286
Materials and Analysis 286
Experimental Procedure 287
Results and Discussion 288
Effect of Extractant Dosage on Extraction of V and Fe 288
Effect of Initial Solution pH on Extraction of V and Fe 289
Effect of Phase Ratio O/A on Extraction of V and Fe 289
Effect of Stirring Speed on Extraction of V and Fe 290
Effect of Reaction Time on Extraction of V and Fe 291
Effect of Reaction Temperature on Extraction of V and Fe 291
Extraction Isotherm of Vanadium 292
Conclusion 293
Acknowledgements 293
References 293
28 Batch Studies for Removing Vanadium(V) and Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Anion Exchange Resin 295
Abstract 295
Introduction 295
Experimental 296
Chemicals and Solutions 296
Ion-Exchange Resin 297
Batch Adsorption Experiments 297
Results and Discussion 298
Effect of pH Value of Solution 298
Effect of Initial Concentration of Solution 299
Effect of Resin Volume 300
Effect of Contact Time 301
Conclusions 301
Acknowledgements 302
References 302
Poster Session 303
29 Effects of Pre-oxidation on the Kinetics of Iron Leaching from Ilmenite in Hydrochloric Acid Solution 304
Abstract 304
Introduction 304
Experimental 305
Materials 305
Oxidation Roasting 306
Acid Leaching 306
Results and Discussion 307
Iron Leaching 307
Kinetic Analysis 307
Conclusions 309
Acknowledgements 310
References 310
30 Extraction of Vanadium from Vanadium-Containing APV-Precipitated Wastewater by W/O Microemulsion System 311
Abstract 311
Experimental 312
Instruments and Reagents 312
Preparation of Microemulsion and Feed Solutions 313
Experimental Methods 313
Extraction Mechanism 314
Results and Discussion 314
Effect of the pH of the Feed Solution on Vanadium Extraction 314
Effect of the Extraction Time on Vanadium Extraction 315
Effect of the N263 Concentration on Vanadium Extraction 315
Effect of Isoamyl Alcohol Concentration on Vanadium Extraction 316
Effect of Inner Aqueous on Vanadium Extraction 317
Effect of Temperature on Vanadium Extraction 318
Effect of the R on Vanadium Extraction 319
Conclusions 319
Acknowledgements 319
References 320
31 Experimental Modeling of Nodulation in Copper Electrorefining 321
Abstract 321
Introduction 321
Experimental 322
Effect of Impurities on Stuck to Cathode Nodulation 322
Observation of Nodule Growth 322
Bumps Made by Hammering 323
Bumps Made by the Installation of Copper Sticks 323
Results and Discussion 323
Effect of Impurities Stuck to Cathode on Nodulation 323
Observation of Nodule Growth 324
Conclusion 325
Reference 325
32 Microfluidic Solvent Extraction of Zinc from Low Concentration Sulfate Solution Using D2EHPA 326
Abstract 326
Introduction 326
Experimental 327
Materials and Analysis 327
Apparatus and Extraction Produce 327
Results and Discussion 329
Effect of Flow Rate 329
Effect of Temperature 330
Effect of Flow Rate Ratio 330
Effect of Extractant Concentration 331
Effect of Saponification Ratio 332
Comparison Microfluidic and Conventional Solvent Extraction 333
Conclusion 333
Acknowledgements 334
References 334
Author Index 335
Subject Index 337

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.1.2018
• Reihe/Serie: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
• Reihe/Serie: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
• Zusatzinfo: XVII, 340 p. 175 illus.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Precious Metals • rare earth metals • rare metal extraction • rare metal processing techniques • rare metals
• ISBN-10: 3-319-72350-2 / 3319723502
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-72350-1 / 9783319723501