The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering and Contract Administration (eBook)
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-34661-7 (ISBN)
This key text for the building team is an authoritative guide and gives a detailed account of the team's roles and responsibilities, with best industry practice required to ensure that building projects meet clients' expectations on time, cost and quality.
The second edition of The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering and Contract Administration has been edited, enlarged and updated by a high-profile author team with unparalleled experience of both private and public sectors, as well as of teaching on QS courses. It covers the entire building process from inception to final account and throughout, the emphasis is on current best practice. This edition has new material on the CDM regulations; JCT contracts; the RIBA Plan of Work; the RICS New Rules of Measurement; BIM; and Sustainability - as well as a general update for industry changes, especially on procurement; internationalisation; and PFI.
With clear and thorough explanations, you are taken through self-contained chapters covering the detail of the briefing stage, procurement methods, tendering procedures, and contract administration.
The period from starting a college course to successful completion of professional examinations represents a long and steep learning curve. The range of skills and the knowledge required to perform work efficiently and effectively might, at first, seem rather daunting. Although designed as an introductory textbook for undergraduates in construction, architecture and quantity surveying, The Aqua Group Guide offers an excellent overview of contract administration and will provide you with sufficient understanding to hold you in good stead for your early years in professional practice.
Mark Hackett, Senior Partner, Mark Hackett Associates, LLP.
Gary Statham, Partner, Mark Hackett Associates, LLP.
This key text for the building team is an authoritative guide and gives a detailed account of the team's roles and responsibilities, with best industry practice required to ensure that building projects meet clients' expectations on time, cost and quality. The second edition of The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering and Contract Administration has been edited, enlarged and updated by a high-profile author team with unparalleled experience of both private and public sectors, as well as of teaching on QS courses. It covers the entire building process from inception to final account and throughout, the emphasis is on current best practice. This edition has new material on the CDM regulations; JCT contracts; the RIBA Plan of Work; the RICS New Rules of Measurement; BIM; and Sustainability - as well as a general update for industry changes, especially on procurement; internationalisation; and PFI. With clear and thorough explanations, you are taken through self-contained chapters covering the detail of the briefing stage, procurement methods, tendering procedures, and contract administration. The period from starting a college course to successful completion of professional examinations represents a long and steep learning curve. The range of skills and the knowledge required to perform work efficiently and effectively might, at first, seem rather daunting. Although designed as an introductory textbook for undergraduates in construction, architecture and quantity surveying, The Aqua Group Guide offers an excellent overview of contract administration and will provide you with sufficient understanding to hold you in good stead for your early years in professional practice.
Mark Hackett, Senior Partner, Mark Hackett Associates, LLP. Gary Statham, Partner, Mark Hackett Associates, LLP.
Cover???????????????????????? 1
Title Page?????????????????????????????????? 5
Copyright???????????????????????????????? 6
Contents?????????????????????????????? 7
Part I Briefing the Project Team?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 19
Chapter 1 The Project Team?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 21
Parties to a building contract and their supporting teams???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21
Rights, duties and responsibilities???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 22
The employer?????????????????????????????????????? 23
The architect/contract administrator?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 23
The quantity surveyor???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 23
The principal designer?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 23
The clerk of works?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 24
The status of named consultants???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 24
Unnamed consultants with delegated powers???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
The project manager???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
The principal contractor?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
Sub-contractors???????????????????????????????????????????? 27
Statutory requirements?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27
The CDM regulations???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 28
Avoiding disputes???????????????????????????????????????????????? 30
Communications?????????????????????????????????????????? 30
Chapter 2 Assessing the Needs???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 32
The structure???????????????????????????????????????? 32
The strategic definition?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 32
Contribution to the initial project brief???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 34
The initial programme???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 35
The appointment???????????????????????????????????????????? 35
Appointment documents???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 37
Collateral warranties???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 38
Chapter 3 Buildings as Assets???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 39
Buildings as assets as well as buildings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 39
Single building or programme????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 40
Buildings as solutions to business challenges??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 41
Everyday solutions-based thinking???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 42
Summary???????????????????????????? 43
Part II Available Procurement Methods???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 45
Chapter 4 Principles of Procurement???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 47
Simple theory-complex practice?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 47
The eternal triangle?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 47
Other considerations?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 50
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 50
Risk?????????????????????? 51
Accountability?????????????????????????????????????????? 51
Entering into the contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 51
Type of contract?????????????????????????????????????????????? 52
Selection of the contractor-the tendering procedure???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 53
Establishing price and time???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 53
The dynamics of tendering???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 54
Chapter 5 Basic Concepts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 55
Economic use of resources???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 56
Labour?????????????????????????? 56
Materials???????????????????????????????? 57
Plant???????????????????????? 57
Capital???????????????????????????? 57
Contractor's contribution to design and contract programme?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 58
Production cost savings???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 58
Continuity?????????????????????????????????? 59
Risk and accountability???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 59
Accountability?????????????????????????????????????????? 61
Summary???????????????????????????? 61
Chapter 6 Accountability?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 63
Background?????????????????????????????????? 63
The modern concept of public accountability???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 64
Contract documentation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 64
Proper price?????????????????????????????????????? 65
Dispensing with competition???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 65
Inflation???????????????????????????????? 65
Value for money???????????????????????????????????????????? 66
Summary???????????????????????????? 67
Chapter 7 Value and Risk Management???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 68
Value management?????????????????????????????????????????????? 68
Value articulation and project definition???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 70
Optimisation of benefits and costs?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 70
Learning lessons and performance optimisation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 71
Risk management???????????????????????????????????????????? 72
Risk must be managed?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 72
Nothing ventured, nothing gained?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 73
Understanding the project???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 74
Risk management strategies?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 75
Allocating management actions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 76
Value and risk are complementary?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 77
Similarities in the processes???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 81
The integrated process?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 81
Chapter 8 Fixed Price and Cost Reimbursement?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 82
Fixed price???????????????????????????????????? 82
Cost reimbursement?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 83
Application to contract elements?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 83
Fluctuations?????????????????????????????????????? 84
Target cost contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 84
Use???????????????????? 85
The employer's position???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 85
The contractor's position???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 85
Programme???????????????????????????????? 86
Summary???????????????????????????? 87
Chapter 9 Fixed Price Contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 88
JCT fixed price contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 88
The standard building contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 89
Design and build contract???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 89
Major project construction contract???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 91
Intermediate building contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 92
Minor works building contract???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 93
Other fixed price contracts available???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 93
Advantages and disadvantages of fixed price contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 94
Advantages?????????????????????????????????? 94
Disadvantages???????????????????????????????????????? 94
Chapter 10 Cost Reimbursement Contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 95
The fee???????????????????????????? 95
The prime cost building contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 96
Characteristics of the form???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 96
Advantages and disadvantages of cost reimbursement contracts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 97
Advantages?????????????????????????????????? 97
Disadvantages???????????????????????????????????????? 98
Budget and cost control???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 98
Administering the contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 98
Procedure for keeping prime costs???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 99
Contractor's site staff and direct workforce?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 99
Materials???????????????????????????????? 100
Plant???????????????????????? 100
Credits???????????????????????????? 100
Sub-letting???????????????????????????????????? 101
Defective work?????????????????????????????????????????? 101
Cost control?????????????????????????????????????? 101
Final account???????????????????????????????????????? 102
Chapter 11 Target Cost Contracts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 103
Guaranteed maximum price contracts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 105
Competition???????????????????????????????????? 106
Contract?????????????????????????????? 106
Advantages and disadvantages?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 107
Use???????????????????? 107
Chapter 12 Management and Construction Management Contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 108
Payment and cost control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 108
Selection and appointment of the contractor???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 110
Contract conditions???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 111
Contract administration???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 112
Professional advisers???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 112
Advantages and disadvantages?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 113
Advantages?????????????????????????????????? 113
Disadvantages???????????????????????????????????????? 113
Construction management???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 114
Use???????????????????? 115
Programme???????????????????????????????? 115
Chapter 13 Design and Build Contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 117
The contract?????????????????????????????????????? 118
Where to use DB (and when not to do so)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 119
Managing the design process???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 120
Novation?????????????????????????????? 121
Evaluation of submissions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 122
Post-contract administration?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 122
Financial administration?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 122
Programme???????????????????????????????? 123
Advantages and disadvantages?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 124
Advantages?????????????????????????????????? 124
Disadvantages???????????????????????????????????????? 124
Chapter 14 Continuity Contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 125
Serial contracting?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 126
Purpose and use???????????????????????????????????????????? 127
Operation???????????????????????????????? 127
Continuation contracts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 128
Purpose and use???????????????????????????????????????????? 128
Operation???????????????????????????????? 129
Term contracts?????????????????????????????????????????? 130
Purpose and use???????????????????????????????????????????? 130
JCT Measured Term Contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 131
Operation???????????????????????????????? 131
Chapter 15 Partnering???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 133
A definition?????????????????????????????????????? 133
When to adopt a partnering approach???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 135
The agreement???????????????????????????????????????? 135
JCT Partnering Charter?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 136
JCT Framework Agreement???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 136
JCT constructing excellence???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 137
The partnering workshop???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 137
The benefits?????????????????????????????????????? 137
The risks???????????????????????????????? 138
Future of partnering?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 139
Chapter 16 EU Procurement???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 140
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 140
The scope of procurement law?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 141
The general principles?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 141
Procedures?????????????????????????????????? 142
Key principles?????????????????????????????????????????? 142
Evaluating tenderers?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 142
Evaluating tenders?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 143
Framework agreements?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 144
Contract change???????????????????????????????????????????? 145
Cancellation of the process???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 145
Information obligations debrief and disclosure?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 145
Commencing proceedings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 146
Remedies?????????????????????????????? 146
Complaints to the EU commission and other challenge procedures?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 147
Tendering contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 148
Notes???????????????????????? 148
Part III Preparing for and Inviting Tenders???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 149
Chapter 17 Procedure from Brief to Tender???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 151
Initial brief???????????????????????????????????????? 151
Developing the brief?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 151
Feasibility stage???????????????????????????????????????????????? 152
Sketch scheme???????????????????????????????????????? 152
Costs???????????????????????? 153
Procurement???????????????????????????????????? 153
Detailed design???????????????????????????????????????????? 154
Programming???????????????????????????????????? 155
Design team meetings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 156
Drawings?????????????????????????????? 156
Specifications?????????????????????????????????????????? 157
Bills of quantities???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 158
Specialist sub-contractors and suppliers?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 158
Quality assurance???????????????????????????????????????????????? 158
Obtaining tenders???????????????????????????????????????????????? 159
Chapter 18 Pre-Contract Cost Control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 160
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 160
The purpose of pre-contract cost control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 160
Framework for pre-contract estimating???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 161
Order of cost estimate?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 163
Information used to prepare an order of cost estimate???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 164
Treatment of on-costs and other costs in order of cost estimates?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 165
Presenting an order of cost estimate?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 166
Cost plans?????????????????????????????????? 167
Treatment of on-costs and other costs in cost plans???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 169
Presenting a cost plan?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 171
Challenges associated with the production of cost plans???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 173
Cash flow???????????????????????????????? 173
Whole life costs?????????????????????????????????????????????? 174
Summary???????????????????????????? 176
Notes???????????????????????? 176
Chapter 19 Drawings and Schedules???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 177
The language of drawing???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 177
The changing role of drawings and documents???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 177
Quality???????????????????????????? 180
Standards???????????????????????????????? 180
Quality manuals???????????????????????????????????????????? 180
Quality procedure codes???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 181
Quality review?????????????????????????????????????????? 182
Types, sizes and layout of drawings???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 182
Size?????????????????????? 183
Layout and revision???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 183
Scale???????????????????????? 184
Nature and sequence of drawing production???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 185
RIBA Plan of Work 2013?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 185
Drawings for SBC contracts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 185
Drawings for design and build or management contracts???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 186
Design intent information???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 187
Computer aided design???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 188
Drawing file formats and translation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 189
Project extranets???????????????????????????????????????????????? 189
Contents of drawings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 192
Survey plan???????????????????????????????????? 192
Site plan, layout and drainage?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 193
General arrangement???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 193
Elevations of all parts of the building???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 195
Descriptive sections?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 195
Ceiling plans at all floor levels???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 195
Construction details (scale 1 : 20 and 1 : 10)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 195
Large-scale details (scale 1 : 10 and 1 : 15)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 196
Schedules???????????????????????????????? 196
Drawings and schedules for records?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 197
Notes???????????????????????? 202
Chapter 20 Specifications???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 203
The use of specifications???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 203
Specifying by prescription?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 205
Specifying by performance???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 205
Specifying by description???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 205
Specification writing???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 206
Decide on format?????????????????????????????????????????????? 206
Collect information???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 212
Input information???????????????????????????????????????????????? 212
Check and test?????????????????????????????????????????? 213
Deliver???????????????????????????? 213
BIM???????????????????? 214
Chapter 21 Building Information Modelling???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 215
The BIM revolution-what is BIM, and who/what is it for????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 215
The role of government and its BIM strategy???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 217
The levels of BIM adoption?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 220
The BIM journey???????????????????????????????????????????? 221
Plan of work, deliverables and work stages?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 221
Loading the model: language and libraries???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 223
Bringing different software programmes together-the search for interoperability???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 224
Operation and maintenance???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 225
Terms of appointment and changes to other business practices?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 226
Level 3 and the future?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 227
Epilogue?????????????????????????????? 227
Notes???????????????????????? 228
Chapter 22 Bills of Quantities?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 229
Tender and contract document?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 229
The wider role?????????????????????????????????????????? 229
Basic information???????????????????????????????????????????????? 230
Preliminaries???????????????????????????????????????? 230
Preambles???????????????????????????????? 231
Measured works?????????????????????????????????????????? 231
Formats???????????????????????????? 232
Chapter 23 Sub-contractors?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 238
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 238
Specialist sub-contractors?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 239
Design by the sub-contractor?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 239
The SBC and sub-contract agreements???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 240
SBC provisions under the main contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 241
Chapter 24 Obtaining Tenders?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 242
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 242
Tender list???????????????????????????????????? 243
Preliminary enquiry???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 244
Tender documents and invitation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 244
Tender period???????????????????????????????????????? 245
Tender compliance???????????????????????????????????????????????? 245
Late tenders?????????????????????????????????????? 246
Opening tenders???????????????????????????????????????????? 246
Examination and adjustment of the priced document???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 246
Negotiated reduction of a tender?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 247
Notification of results???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 247
Tender analysis???????????????????????????????????????????? 248
E-Tendering???????????????????????????????????? 248
Part IV Contract Administration???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 249
Chapter 25 Placing the Contract???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 251
Preparing and signing the contract documents?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 251
Sectional completion?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 252
Contractor's designed portion???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 252
Executing the contract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 253
Performance bonds and parent company guarantees???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 254
Collateral warranties???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 254
Third party rights?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 258
Issue of documents?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 259
Insurances?????????????????????????????????? 260
Chapter 26 Meetings???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 263
Initial meeting???????????????????????????????????????????? 263
Introductions???????????????????????????????????????? 264
Factors affecting the carrying out of the works???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 264
Programme???????????????????????????????? 265
Sub-contractors and suppliers???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 266
Lines of communication?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 266
Financial matters???????????????????????????????????????????????? 266
Procedure to be followed at subsequent meetings???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 268
Contractor's meetings???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 269
Employer's meetings???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 269
Chapter 27 Site Duties?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 274
The architect on site???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 274
The architect's duty of inspection and supervision?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 276
Supervision and Inspection duties???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 276
Routine site visits???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 277
Consultants' site visits?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 278
Inspections by statutory officials?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 278
Records and reports???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 279
Samples and testing???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 280
Considerate constructors scheme???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 281
Site safety???????????????????????????????????? 282
Health and Safety Policy?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 282
Fire precautions on site?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 285
Regulatory control?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 286
The Joint Fire Code???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 286
Means of escape???????????????????????????????????????????? 287
Fire-fighting equipment???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 288
Emergency plans???????????????????????????????????????????? 288
Providing information???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 288
Chapter 28 Instructions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 295
Architect/contract administrator's instructions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 295
Clerk of works' directions?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 297
Format and distribution of instructions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 297
Chapter 29 Variations and Post-Contract Cost Control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 299
Variations?????????????????????????????????? 299
Valuing variations?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 300
Dayworks?????????????????????????????? 304
Cost control?????????????????????????????????????? 305
Chapter 30 Interim Payments???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 308
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 308
Payments of pre-determined amounts at regular intervals???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 310
Pre-determined payments at pre-determined stages?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 311
Regular payments by detailed valuation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 311
Certificates and payments under the SBC???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 311
The architect/contract administrator?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 311
The quantity surveyor???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 312
The employer?????????????????????????????????????? 312
The contractor?????????????????????????????????????????? 313
Interim certificates under the SBC?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 314
Unfixed materials and goods on site???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 316
Unfixed materials and goods off site?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 316
Retention under the SBC???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 317
Payments to sub-contractors under the SBC???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 317
Value added tax???????????????????????????????????????????? 317
Valuation and certificate forms???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 318
Chapter 31 Completion, Defects and the Final Account?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 322
Practical completion?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 322
Partial possession?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 325
Possession of the building?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 325
Defects and making good???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 326
Final account???????????????????????????????????????? 327
Adjustment of the contract sum?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 327
Practical considerations?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 329
Final certificate???????????????????????????????????????????????? 330
Chapter 32 Delays and Disputes?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 334
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 334
Delays caused by the contractor???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 335
Delays caused by the employer or his representatives?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 335
Delays caused by events outside the control of either party???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 336
Force majeure???????????????????????????????????????? 337
Exceptionally adverse weather conditions?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 337
SBC procedure in the event of delay???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 338
Best endeavours???????????????????????????????????????????? 338
Notification of delay???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 339
New completion dates?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 339
Final adjustment?????????????????????????????????????????????? 340
Duties and decisions?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 340
Reimbursement of loss and/or expense under the SBC?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 341
Liquidated damages?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 342
Disputes and dispute resolution???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 343
Mediation???????????????????????????????? 344
Adjudication?????????????????????????????????????? 344
Arbitration???????????????????????????????????? 348
Litigation?????????????????????????????????? 350
Chapter 33 An Introduction to Sustainability in Construction?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 353
Sustainable development???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 353
Key concepts?????????????????????????????????????? 353
The importance of the environment and the importance of energy?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 354
Sustainability in the built environment???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 354
The regulatory framework for construction???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 355
European Union developments???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 355
UK regulatory and policy developments???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 356
Assessing the sustainability of construction and buildings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 358
UK building environmental assessment schemes and standards?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 359
International building environmental assessment schemes and standards???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 360
Author's comment?????????????????????????????????????????????? 361
Sustainable procurement???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 362
Key concepts?????????????????????????????????????? 362
Guidance and standards?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 363
Other important issues?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 364
References?????????????????????????????????? 364
Chapter 34 Future Trends?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 367
Global -v- local?????????????????????????????????????????????? 367
Industry and corporate trends???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 369
Opportunities and challenges?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 370
BIM???????????????????? 370
Lean process and procedures???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 371
Knowledge management?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 371
Behaviours?????????????????????????????????? 372
Index???????????????????????? 375
EULA 387
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 2.5.2017 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Technik ► Bauwesen |
| Schlagworte | Account • Administration • Aqua • author • authoritative • Baubetrieb • Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen • Best • Building • Civil Engineering & Construction • Clients • Construction Management • Courses • Edition • entire • Experience • Group • Guide • highprofile • Inception • Industry • Massenermittlung u. Bauökonomie • Practice • Process • procurement • Projects • QS • Quantity Surveying & Construction Economics • roles • Sectors • Team • Teams • Time |
| ISBN-10 | 1-118-34661-0 / 1118346610 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-118-34661-7 / 9781118346617 |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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