RF Components and Circuits (eBook)

Joe Carr (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2002 | 1. Auflage
416 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-049807-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Some basic knowledge of electronics is assumed, but the essential features of RF are fully described, including the important topic of receiver dynamic which is often overlooked in basic textbooks. The theory and circuit descriptions are geared towards genuine design applications rather than the oversimiplifications and skeleton circuits of many college texts.

During his career, the late Joe Carr was one of the world's leading writers on electronics and radio, and an authority on the design and use of RF systems. Whether you are looking for a complete self-study course in RF technology, or a concise reference text to dip into, this book has the solution.

A complete course in understanding and designing RF circuits
Practical design knowhow from a world-class author

Inhalt

Cover 1
RF Components and Circuits 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Foreword 12
Preface 14
Part 1: Introduction 16
Chapter 1. Introduction to radio frequencies 18
What are the ‘radio frequencies’? 18
Why are radio frequencies different? 18
What this book covers 18
Chapter 2. Signals and noise 20
Types of signals 20
Fourier series 24
Waveform symmetry 26
Transient signals 32
Sampled signals 33
Noise 36
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn) 42
Noise factor, noise figure and noise temperature 44
Noise in cascade amplifiers 46
Noise reduction by signal averaging 47
Chapter 3. Radio receivers 49
Signals, noise and reception 49
The reception problem 50
Strategies 52
Radio receiver specifications 53
Origins 53
Superheterodyne receivers 54
Receiver performance factors 59
Units of measure 60
Noise 61
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn) 61
Receiver noise floor 62
Static measures of receiver performance 62
Sensitivity 62
Selectivity 65
Stability 65
AGC range and threshold 73
Dynamic performance 73
Intermodulation products 74
–1 dB compression point 75
Third-order intercept point 75
Dynamic range 77
Blocking 78
Cross-modulation 78
Reciprocal mixing 79
IF notch rejection 79
Internal spurii 80
Part 2: Circuits 82
Chapter 4. RF amplifiers 84
Noise and preselectors/preamplifiers 85
Amplifier configurations 85
Transistor gain 85
Classification by common element 87
Transistor biasing 88
Frequency characteristics 90
JFET and MOSFET connections 90
JFET preselector 91
VHF receiver preselector 94
MOSFET preselector 94
Voltage-tuned receiver preselector 96
Broadband RF preamplifier for VLF, LF and AM BCB 96
Push-pull RF amplifiers 99
Broadband RF amplifier (50 ohm input and output) 103
Chapter 5. Mixers 106
Linear-vs-non-linear mixers 106
Simple diode mixer 109
The question of ‘balance’ 110
Spurious responses 110
Mixer distortion products 113
Third-order intercept point 114
Calculating intercept points 116
Mixer losses 116
Noise figure 117
Noise balance 117
Single-ended active mixer circuits 118
Balanced active mixers 119
Gilbert cell mixers 128
Passive double-balanced mixers 129
Diplexers 131
Bandpass diplexers 132
Double DBM 137
Image reject mixers 137
VHF/UHF microwave mixer circuits 139
Chapter 6. Oscillators 140
Feedback oscillators 140
General types of RF oscillator circuits 141
Piezoelectric crystals 143
Temperature performance 148
Miller oscillators 149
Pierce oscillators 151
Butler oscillators 153
Colpitts oscillators 158
Overtone oscillators 160
Frequency stability 162
Temperature 164
Other stability criteria 165
Frequency synthesizers 172
Chapter 7. IF amplifiers and filters 176
IF filters: general filter theory 176
L–C IF filters 178
Crystal filters 180
Crystal ladder filters 182
Monolithic ceramic crystal filters 185
Mechanical filters 185
Saw filters 186
Filter switching in IF amplifiers 188
Amplifier circuits 189
Cascode pair amplifier 190
‘Universal’ IF amplifier 190
Coupling to block filters 193
More IC IF amplifiers 194
FM IF amplifier 195
Successive detection logarithmic amplifiers 195
Chapter 8. Demodulators 200
AM envelope detectors 200
AM noise 205
Synchronous AM demodulation 205
Double sideband (DSBSC) and single sideband (SSBSC) suppressed carrier demodulators 205
Phasing method 212
FM and PM demodulator circuits 212
Foster–Seeley discriminator 212
Ratio detector 215
Pulse counting detector 219
Phase-locked loop FM/PM detectors 221
Quadrature detector 221
Part 3: Components 222
Chapter 9. Capacitors 224
Units of capacitance 224
Breakdown voltage 226
Circuit symbols for capacitors 226
Fixed capacitors 227
Paper dielectric capacitors 227
Mylar dielectric capacitors 227
Ceramic dielectric capacitors 228
Mica dielectric capacitors 229
Other capacitors 229
Variable capacitors 230
Air variable main tuning capacitors 232
Capacitor tuning laws – SLC-vs-SLF 234
Special variable capacitors 235
Variable capacitor cleaning note 237
Using and stabilizing a varactor diode 238
Varactor tuning circuits 238
Temperature compensation 243
Varactor applications 245
Chapter 10. Inductors 247
Inductor circuit symbols 247
Inductance of a single straight wire 249
Combining two or more inductors 250
Air-core inductors 251
Solenoid wound air-core inductors 252
Adjustable coils 252
Winding your own coils 254
Amidon Associates coil system 254
Using ferrite and powdered iron cores 255
Materials used in cores 255
Powdered iron 256
Ferrite materials 257
Making the calculations 257
Toroid cores 259
Inductors and transformers 262
Winding toroid cores 266
Mounting toroids 269
High-power transformers 272
Binocular cores 272
Ferrite rods 276
Bobbing along with a bobbin 278
Ferrite beads 279
Chapter 11. Tuning and matching 282
Vectors for RF circuits 282
L–C resonant tank circuits 285
Tuned RF/IF transformers 288
Construction of RF/IF transformers 289
Bandwidth of RF/IF transformers 291
Choosing component values for L–C resonant tank circuits 294
The tracking problem 296
The RF amplifier/antenna tuner problem 296
The local oscillator (LO) problem 298
Trimmer capacitor method 299
Impedance matching in RF circuits 300
Transformer matching 301
Resonant transformers 302
Resonant networks 303
Inverse-L network 304
p-network 304
Split-capacitor network 305
Transistor-to-transistor impedance matching 306
Chapter 12. Splitters and hybrids 308
RF power combiners and splitters 308
Characteristics of splitter/combiner circuits 308
Resistive splitter/combiner 309
Transformer splitter/combiner 310
Signal generator method 355
How it works 313
Modified VSWR bridge splitter/combiner 314
90 degree splitter/combiner 316
Transmission line splitter/combiners 316
90 degree transmission line splitter/combiner 318
Hybrid ring ‘rat race’ network 319
RF hybrid couplers 320
Applications of hybrids 321
Combining signal sources 321
Bi-directional amplifiers 322
Transmitter/receiver isolation 322
Quadrature hybrids 324
RF directional couplers 327
Conclusion 331
Chapter 13. Monolithic microwave integrated circuits 332
Internal circuitry 334
Basic amplifier circuit 335
Other MAR-x circuits 336
Multiple device circuits 342
Mast-mounted wideband preamplifier 348
Broadband HF amplifier 348
Part 4: Measurement and techniques 350
Chapter 14. Measuring inductors and capacitors 352
VSWR method 352
Voltage divider method 354
Signal generator method 355
Frequency shifted oscillator method 357
Using RF bridges 359
Finding parasitic capacitances and inductances 362
Conclusion 365
Chapter 15. RF power measurement 366
Power units 366
Types of RF power measurement 366
Methods for measuring RF power 367
Thermistor RF power meters 371
Practical in-line bridge circuits 375
The Bird Thruline® sensor 379
Calorimeters 381
Micropower and low power measurements 385
Error and uncertainty sources 387
Chapter 16. Filtering against EMI/RFI 389
Shielding 389
Filter circuits 389
R–C EMI/RFI protection 391
Feedthrough capacitors 392
General guidelines 395
Chapter 17. Noise cancellation bridges 396
A simple bridge circuit 398
Bibliography 403
Index 406

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.4.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Kunst / Musik / Theater ► Design / Innenarchitektur / Mode
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-049807-8 / 0080498078
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-049807-2 / 9780080498072